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About The news=record. (Enterprise, Wallowa County, Or.) 1907-1910 | View Entire Issue (March 6, 1909)
THE NEWS RECORD (Twice-a-Week.) AM INDEPENDENT NEWHPAPER e wa'lDwa News, estab lished March 3. 1899. Published Wednesdays and Satur days at Enterprise, Oregon, by THE ENTERPRISE PRESS Office East side Court House Square ..iie.ed in the Enterprise postoffice as se3ond-clas3 matter. $.".5,000 for the stata fair, that should be self-supporting, and $1000 for eich of the favorel Willamette county fairs all pure graft or unnecessa.-.v. Half the sums wasted on those things would have provided handsomely for two training schoals for teachers. Home Course In odern Agriculture SATURDAY, MARCH 6, 1903. GOOD AND BAD. Tin late le?'s'ature has quite a long list of good laws to Us credit. That Is, the Intent and purpose as stated In their titles 'are good, and i li tj e .-o. el Ue iars live up to -heir tlile). First in importance U the law to enable the state to build a railroal through Central Oregon. This i referred to the people and will be voted on In November, 1910. It li not like'y the road will be built by the state; it will not be necessary. Private capital, spurred by this pos sibility of state intervention, will bul!d the roads it shojld have com pleted 20 years ago. If the law ac complishes that, it will have per formed a great service. ihe revision or rather the crea tion of a water code is a step li the right direction. It is Btated on good authority that half the power of Oregon streams that have besn appropriated, a:e held by water hogs who do not use and won't let anyone else U3e It. The appropriation o water Is a privilege and special favoi granted by the people at large to private capl'al for supposed public benefit. As long as such special favors are given, those receiving them should be made to use them or lose them. The six months school law, the law giving eich sahool district $100 instead of $50 from the county funds, the one prilling for a ref erendum on county measures, the law requiring railroads to connect with each other and with private switches, the one providing for treatment of tuberculosis poor, and the law requiring viewers to la: out roads on the best grades, al seem necessary and proper. Undei the same head are two or three laws that caused some ridicule by would-be funny paragraphed, but though t. eating of matters of seemingly small moment, are just and necessary, such as the laws re quiring hotels and lolglng houses to have fire escares and to provide nine-foot bedsheets, and the law re quiring doors of public buildings to swing outwards. The worst sin of the legislature In our opinion waj Its cowardly atti tude on the nDMial schools, it should have taken the bull by the horns and provided for the school at Weston and one west of the Cas cades, It should not only have pro vided for them, but It should have Improved them, giving to the two as much money as the four formerly had. The economical lawmakers had no money at all for normals to train teachers for our little district schools, but It had $100,000 to make an auto mobile road for rich men from Med ford to Crater Lake, and to give THE SPOKANE RATE DECISION. The Interstate Commerce com mission, after two long years of delay, during whl;:h millions of dollars worth of irreparable injury has been done the inter-mountain re gion, has ded-ed that the railroads sha'l not charge more for a short haul than for a long haul. Today, and for years past nd an indafinite time to come, If a person in an In land town received a shipment from Chicago or other eastern point, he roust pay tne ireism raie iu a cuo... terminal, and also the local rate back from the coast to the inland i i , t wn. That is, say a mercuaui i this city bought a case of shoes in Chicago. He must ray tne rreigm rate from Chicago to Portland, aid ilso the rate from Portland to Un- terprise, altnougn tne case shoes never goej farther west than La Grande. Thi3 rate the commission says is Inherantly unreasonable. However no one need expect the aid rates will be changed soon. This is only the bejlmlng. The railroads lelayed it two years before the commiiHlDn, and It hasn't started Iri Lhe couits yet! How the railroads laugh at the prospect. Our chil lren's children will not see the end jf thut case for there is no .ending In the courts for clients with plenty of money. Law-trained legislators have see l to that. So while the deelilon Is of no prac ileal benefit, yet It is some satis faction to have the right stated in plain terms. We can submit to pay lug the unjust rates better when the ether fe'low knows we know he Is taking what doe -.n't belong to him. President Wm. H. Taft has the best wishes of eery true American for a successful administration. May he have backbone enough to run hlngs as he thinks they ought to be run, and so retire from the chair with the respect of the people as Roosevelt has done. If he keeps the nath nn to the White House as ;horny and harj to travel for Al drlch, Ca inon and their ilk, as Roose velt did, he li bo md to earn the re 3po.;t of decent pejple, whether they Biulnrse tha rest of hlJ policies or not. IV. Water In Its Relation to Plant Growth By C. V. GREGORY, Agricultural TltfUton. Jobua State College CoDyrltfht. 1909. by American Press Association w An Ideal Cough Medicine. "As an Ideal cough medicine I re gard Chamberlain's Cough Remedy in a class by Use f," Bays Dr. R. A. Wiltshire, of Gwynneville, Ind. "I take great pleasure in testifying to the resu ts of Chamberlain's Cough Me:llclne. In fact, I know of no oth er prepara'lon that meets so fully expectations of the most exacting in cases of croup and coughs of chil dren. As It contains no opium, chlo roform or morphine It certainly niakei a most Bafe, pleasant and et flcacous remedy for the Ills It U Intended." For sale by Burnaugh & May field. E have already learned some thing of the value of water as a plant' food. This is only one of its minor uses. however. In addition to the water which Is decomposed by the plant and used In making starch and other prod ucts, many limes as much is used for other purposes. One of the principal of these is dissolving plant food and carrying it upward to the leaves. Aft er reaching the leaves most of the wa ter is evaporated, leaving in the leaf cells the materials which it brought op. The cells of which the leaves are made are very delicate and depend for :helr stiffness on the water which thev contain. Without this water thev would collapse In the same way n bi cycle tire does when the air Is let out. This is the very thing that happens when the leaves wilt. The rise of water from the roots has been checked in some way, and as evaporation still continues the leaf cells become partly emptied and shrink up. The leaves are not entirely helpless at such a time, however. On each side of the tiny poses on the underside of the leaf Is a cell known as a guard cell. When the supply of moisture begins to fail, these guard cells shrink up end in doing so close the openings, thus checking evaporation. In some plants, like corn, the leaves curl up at such a time, thus still further lessen ing the rate of evaporation. Of course when a leaf Is wilted in this manner the work of building up plant tissues Is seriously. checked. This often hap pens during the dry weather of July and August, when the soil becomes so dry that the roots have difficulty in obtaining the needed moisture. The checking of development which results often reduces the yield of corn as much as twenty to thirty bushels per acre and that of other crops in pro portion. For every pound of dry matter In a mature plant from 300 to 500 pounds of water have been brought up by the roots and evaporated from the leaves. One of the most Impor tant factors In the production of a maximum crop Is the maintenance of a plentiful water supply within easy reach of the roots. There are three classes of water in the soli. The first is known as ground water and is that water which col lects In a hole dug in a wet soli or runs oL through the. tiW; in drajued land. The second is the capillary water and is that which is left be tween the soil particles after the ground water has been drawn off. Tbe ground water is uffected by grav itation, while the capillary water la not. If a sample of soli that looks per fectly dry Is placed In nn oven and heated for same time It will be found that Is bus lost considerably In weight, owing to moisture being driven off. This is the third class, or hydroscopic moisture. This, of course, Is of no value to the plant, since the roots cannot extract moisture from an air dry soil. Neither can they use the ground water. This is really a dam age lu the upper two or three feet of soil, since it so fills the spaces that the roots cannot get enough air. During a rain the ground water passing through the soil draws con siderable air with it. As soon as the comes itfien a suMenTlry'peridd fol lows a few weeks of excessive rain fall. The abundance of moisture dur ing the early part of the season has kept the plants from sending their roots down very deep. When dry weather does come, tbe soil bakes and cracks and evaporation goes on very rapidly. This, together with the de mands made by the plants, lowers the water table so rapidly that root growth cannot Keep pace with It. As a result the capillary moisture within reach of the roots is not replaced as fast as it ts used, and the growth of tbe plants Is seriously checked. Fields with a clay subsoil withstand dry weather much better than those with a subsoil of sand or gravel. The latter, because of their looser texture, NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION. Department of the Interior. U. S. Land OM;e at La Grande, Ore Bon. Febriary 15, 4909. Notice Is hereby given that Charles B. Horner, of Lightning, Oregon, who, on July 21, 1C04. maie Homestead Entry o. 13723-Serlal, No. 01200, for Lots 1 and i, SW14 NE14, NW SE, Sec Ion i. Township S North, Range 49 East Wll'amette Meridian, has filed notice of intention to make Final five year Proof, to establish claim to the land afco.e describe!, before D. W. h.ahnn, U. P. Commissioner, at En terpiise, Ore;on, on the 6th day of April, 1939. Claimant names as witnesses: Charles G. Holmes, Colonel F. Graves, Guy C. Horner, William P. Rankin, all of Light ning, Oregon. F. C. Bramwell, Register. NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION. Department of the Interior. U. S. Land Office at La Grande Ore gon, February 15, 1S03. Notice is he eby given that Ezekiel F. S-argeant, of Enterprise, Oregon, who on October 2 th 1903, made Homestead Entry No. 13322 Serial, No. 03269, for the North-east quarter of Section 34, Township 1 N., Range 46, East, WIL Me ridian has fie! notice of Intention to make ilnal five year proof, to establish calm to the land above described, before D. W. Sheahan, U. S. Commissioner, at his office In Enterprise, Oregon, on the tith day of April, 1909. Claimant names as witnesses: Harry N. Vaughan, Elmer J. Jewell, Delmar Sargeant and Lora E. Allen, all of Enterprise, Oregon. F. C. Bramwell, Register. For Diseases of the Skin. Nearly all diseases of the skin such as eczema, tetter, salt rheum and bar bers' itch, are characterized by an in tense itching and smarting, which often makes life a burden and dis turbs s eep and'rast. Quick relief may be had by applying Chamber lain's Salve. It al ays the itching and smarting almo3l Instantly. Many cases have been cured by its use. For sale by Burnaugh & Mayfield. Elgin fl3ur at W. J. Funk & Co's. Patent $1.50 a sack, straight grade . -.) a sack.. Banish pimples, blotches and boils by taking Levy's Oregon Grape Cora pound. Sold and guaranteed by Bur naugh & Mayfield, Enterprise, Ore. 100,000 Strawberry Plants TREES: Apple, Cherry, Peach Pear, Shade Trees, Shrubbery, and Roses, Small Fruits, large supply of Box Elder at ex tremely low prices. Send a list of your wants for prices. UNION NURSERIES Union. Oregon B. Conaway. O. M. Corklns. CONAWAY 4 CORKINS, LAWYERS Enterprise, Oregon. "Cartful Banking Insures the Safety of Deposits." Depositors Have That Guarantee at WALLOWA NATIONAL BANK OF ENTERPRISE. OKFXION CAPITAL Ml.rtX) SURPLUS ')0.(KH) Wc Do a General Banking Business. Exchange Bought and Sold on All Principal Cities. Geo. W. Hyatt, President Geo. 8. Craig, Vice President W. R. Holmes, Cashier Frank A. Ilea vis, Asst. Cashier Gko .8. CllAKI J. H. Dobiiin numerous Gko, V. 1 1 v ait Matttk A. Hoi.mrs V. It. H01..MKS 1 ENTERPRISE MEAT MARKFT BES1 OF MEATS ALWAYS ON HANI). Highest Market Price for Hides and Pelts PROPRIETORS INDEPENDENT PHONE 20 riO. VIII HOW TILH DRAINS AFFECT THB WATEB TABLB. S, surface of the ground; W, water ta ble; Q, ground water; T, ttle drains soli becomes saturated, however, so that the water ts uo longer moving, the air soon becomes used up, and the crop will turn yellow and cease to grow. The remedy, of course, is to provide drains to remove the ground water quickly. The only kind of water which the roots can use is the capillary water. When this is present In the right amount. It fills about half of the paces between the soil particles. The the rest are filled with air. The water easily dissolves plant food from the soil grains which It surrounds. Thus the two essentials for rapid root de velopment, air and plant food, are preaeut in the proper amounts aud In a readily available form. As fast as the water Is taken up by the roots more Is brought up by capillarity from the supply lu the subsoil In the man ner noted In article No. 2. The place where the capillary water Joins the ground water Is called the water table. If this water table Is too high, the feeding ground of the roots Is greatly restricted, since they cannot go below It. If, on the other hand, the water table -Is too deep, capillarity cannot bring the water up as fast as It Is used by the roots. In dry weather the water table low ers rapidly, but the roots are also growing downward at the same time. The greatest damage from drought FIO. IX OOVEIS1NQ TUB TILE DITCH. allow the water to filter down out of reach instead of retaining it for fu ture use, as do the clay soils. The farmer cannot influence the amount of rainfall, of course. After the rain has falleu, however, it be loncs to him to do with as he sees fit The way he handles it from this time on determines to a large extent the size of the crop be will harvest when fall comes. The first problem Is to get rid of the surplus ground water quickly, and the second Is to waste as little of the cap illary water as possible. An endeavor should be made to lower the water table to three or four feet below the surface as soon as possible after each rain. If this can be accomplished In two or three days the growth of the crop will be interfered with very lit tle. A few soils are so well drained naturally that little artificial drainage Is necessary. On almost any farm there ore hills and ridges where the natural drainage is sufficient. The hollows between these elevations, how ever, and all the fiat fields will yield much larger crops If tiled. The distance a line of tile will "draw" 13 la sandy soils often as fur ns 100 feet on each side, while In heavy clay soils it may not be more than sixteen feet. This distance is also affected by the depth of the tile. The deeper they are placed the farther they will draw. Tile are usually placed at an average depth of about three feet, though In many Instances four would be better. The extra- cost of digging the ditch a foot deeper Is something of an objec tion, but is balanced by the fact- that the lines of tile do not need to be as close together. Deep tile are not as easily displaced by freezing, and a deeper feeding ground for the roots Is provided. A mistake made more frequently than that of not putting the drains in deep euough Is that of using too small tl'.e. The character of the soil, the fall a;:d the amount of surface drained are tha factors which largely determine the proper size to use. Almost every book or bulletin of tile drainage gives tables for figuring the slze'of tile re quired under various conditions. If there Is any doubt It always pays to get a size too large rather than a size too small, even If tbe cost Is a little more. It is usually better to let the job of tiling to a contractor rather than to at tempt to do it yourself. There are re liable tilers In almost every locality who can be depended upon to lay the tile to grade c.'.ti Co a first class job In every particular. Only the hard burn ed tile should be used. These will last for a lifetime or longer If properly put lu. When tile go within fifteen or twenty feet of trees tbe joints should be cemented. Otherwise the tree roots will find their way through the joints and fill np the drains to vuch an extent that the Cow of water will be cut off. The most Important part of a drain age system is the outlet The tile should empty into a stream If possible. Water should uot be allowed to staud over the mouth of the outlet If It can be avoided, as this checks the current and causes the drain to partly fill up with silt, thus reducing Its capacity Just that much. With a thorough system of tile drain age lu good working order the problem of getting rid of surplus water is solved. Tiling also helps to solve the problem of hick of water. Tbe roots go down so much deeper In a tiled oil that they are In position to with stand a drought better than If they were foot or two farther above the water table. Removing the surplus water by drainage also hastens the warming of the soil In the spring. General BlacKsmitKing jfcorseshoeing a Specialty If you wish to buy a Hack, Buggy, Plow or Hairow meruit handle a complete stock in thio line and you will nave m. ny bj purchasing of tne. . S. E. Combes, Enterprise, Oregon. Did It Ever Occur To You That A Telephone in Your Home Provides safety, convenience, economy and pleasure, and makes your home life com plete? Its cost is little, its benefits are manifold. Home Independent Telephone Co Covering Union and Wallowa Counties MAIL AND PASSENGER STAGE LINE Wallowa. ' Appleton. Flora to Paradise, MONDAYS, WEDNESDAYS and FRIDAYS; and From Paradise, Flora and Appleton to Wallowa, TUESDAYS. THURSDAYS and SATURDAYS. Good accommodations, courteous treatment and reasonable rales. Leaves Wallowa at 6 a. 01. E. W. SOUTHWICK, Proprietor X MILLIONS OF RflOWEY AT LOWEST RATES. ON EASIEST TERMS. Wm. Miller & Brother, SUITE 204, Wallowa National BanK Building, Enterprise, Oregon. X X 'i 1XliI3BIIHBIIEBIMIHBKEHIIiaSS02aiII5IBSIIX33 1 n n n 5 Dealer in Harness, Saddles, Chapps, Spurs, and Leather Goods of all descriptions. I will fit you out with the best goods for the least money. When in need of anything in my line, call and inspet my'stock before purchasing. ENTERPRISE, ... . OREGON Red Front Livery and Feed Stable First Class Accommodations Best of Hay and Grain & BOSWELL & .SON PROPRIETORS. ONE BiX)CK SOUTH OF HOTEL ENTERPRISE X a M a s
