THE NEWS RECORD
(Twice-a-Week.)
AM INDEPENDENT NEWHPAPER
e wa'lDwa News, estab
lished March 3. 1899.
Published Wednesdays and Satur
days at Enterprise, Oregon, by
THE ENTERPRISE PRESS
Office East side Court House Square
..iie.ed in the Enterprise postoffice
as se3ond-clas3 matter.
$.".5,000 for the stata fair, that should
be self-supporting, and $1000 for eich
of the favorel Willamette county
fairs all pure graft or unnecessa.-.v.
Half the sums wasted on those things
would have provided handsomely for
two training schoals for teachers.
Home Course In
odern Agriculture
SATURDAY, MARCH 6, 1903.
GOOD AND BAD.
Tin late le?'s'ature has quite a
long list of good laws to Us credit.
That Is, the Intent and purpose as
stated In their titles 'are good, and
i li tj e .-o. el Ue iars live up
to -heir tlile).
First in importance U the law to
enable the state to build a railroal
through Central Oregon. This i
referred to the people and will be
voted on In November, 1910. It li
not like'y the road will be built by
the state; it will not be necessary.
Private capital, spurred by this pos
sibility of state intervention, will
bul!d the roads it shojld have com
pleted 20 years ago. If the law ac
complishes that, it will have per
formed a great service.
ihe revision or rather the crea
tion of a water code is a step li
the right direction. It is Btated on
good authority that half the power
of Oregon streams that have besn
appropriated, a:e held by water hogs
who do not use and won't let anyone
else U3e It. The appropriation o
water Is a privilege and special favoi
granted by the people at large to
private capl'al for supposed public
benefit. As long as such special
favors are given, those receiving
them should be made to use them
or lose them.
The six months school law, the
law giving eich sahool district $100
instead of $50 from the county
funds, the one prilling for a ref
erendum on county measures, the
law requiring railroads to connect
with each other and with private
switches, the one providing for
treatment of tuberculosis poor, and
the law requiring viewers to la:
out roads on the best grades, al
seem necessary and proper. Undei
the same head are two or three
laws that caused some ridicule by
would-be funny paragraphed, but
though t. eating of matters of
seemingly small moment, are just
and necessary, such as the laws re
quiring hotels and lolglng houses to
have fire escares and to provide
nine-foot bedsheets, and the law re
quiring doors of public buildings to
swing outwards.
The worst sin of the legislature In
our opinion waj Its cowardly atti
tude on the nDMial schools, it
should have taken the bull by the
horns and provided for the school at
Weston and one west of the Cas
cades, It should not only have pro
vided for them, but It should have
Improved them, giving to the two as
much money as the four formerly
had.
The economical lawmakers had no
money at all for normals to train
teachers for our little district schools,
but It had $100,000 to make an auto
mobile road for rich men from Med
ford to Crater Lake, and to give
THE SPOKANE RATE DECISION.
The Interstate Commerce com
mission, after two long years of
delay, during whl;:h millions of
dollars worth of irreparable injury
has been done the inter-mountain re
gion, has ded-ed that the railroads
sha'l not charge more for a short
haul than for a long haul. Today, and
for years past nd an indafinite
time to come, If a person in an In
land town received a shipment from
Chicago or other eastern point, he
roust pay tne ireism raie iu a cuo...
terminal, and also the local rate
back from the coast to the inland
i i ,
t wn. That is, say a mercuaui i
this city bought a case of shoes in
Chicago. He must ray tne rreigm
rate from Chicago to Portland, aid
ilso the rate from Portland to Un-
terprise, altnougn tne case
shoes never goej farther west than
La Grande.
Thi3 rate the commission says is
Inherantly unreasonable.
However no one need expect the
aid rates will be changed soon. This
is only the bejlmlng. The railroads
lelayed it two years before the
commiiHlDn, and It hasn't started Iri
Lhe couits yet! How the railroads
laugh at the prospect. Our chil
lren's children will not see the end
jf thut case for there is no .ending
In the courts for clients with plenty
of money. Law-trained legislators
have see l to that.
So while the deelilon Is of no prac
ileal benefit, yet It is some satis
faction to have the right stated in
plain terms. We can submit to pay
lug the unjust rates better when the
ether fe'low knows we know he Is
taking what doe -.n't belong to him.
President Wm. H. Taft has the
best wishes of eery true American
for a successful administration. May
he have backbone enough to run
hlngs as he thinks they ought to be
run, and so retire from the chair
with the respect of the people as
Roosevelt has done. If he keeps the
nath nn to the White House as
;horny and harj to travel for Al
drlch, Ca inon and their ilk, as Roose
velt did, he li bo md to earn the re
3po.;t of decent pejple, whether they
Biulnrse tha rest of hlJ policies or
not.
IV. Water In Its Relation to Plant Growth
By C. V. GREGORY,
Agricultural TltfUton. Jobua State College
CoDyrltfht. 1909. by American Press Association
w
An Ideal Cough Medicine.
"As an Ideal cough medicine I re
gard Chamberlain's Cough Remedy
in a class by Use f," Bays Dr. R. A.
Wiltshire, of Gwynneville, Ind. "I
take great pleasure in testifying to
the resu ts of Chamberlain's Cough
Me:llclne. In fact, I know of no oth
er prepara'lon that meets so fully
expectations of the most exacting in
cases of croup and coughs of chil
dren. As It contains no opium, chlo
roform or morphine It certainly
niakei a most Bafe, pleasant and et
flcacous remedy for the Ills It U
Intended." For sale by Burnaugh &
May field.
E have already learned some
thing of the value of water
as a plant' food. This is
only one of its minor uses.
however. In addition to the water
which Is decomposed by the plant and
used In making starch and other prod
ucts, many limes as much is used for
other purposes. One of the principal
of these is dissolving plant food and
carrying it upward to the leaves. Aft
er reaching the leaves most of the wa
ter is evaporated, leaving in the leaf
cells the materials which it brought
op.
The cells of which the leaves are
made are very delicate and depend for
:helr stiffness on the water which thev
contain. Without this water thev
would collapse In the same way n bi
cycle tire does when the air Is let out.
This is the very thing that happens
when the leaves wilt. The rise of
water from the roots has been checked
in some way, and as evaporation still
continues the leaf cells become partly
emptied and shrink up.
The leaves are not entirely helpless
at such a time, however. On each side
of the tiny poses on the underside of
the leaf Is a cell known as a guard
cell. When the supply of moisture
begins to fail, these guard cells shrink
up end in doing so close the openings,
thus checking evaporation. In some
plants, like corn, the leaves curl up at
such a time, thus still further lessen
ing the rate of evaporation. Of course
when a leaf Is wilted in this manner
the work of building up plant tissues
Is seriously. checked. This often hap
pens during the dry weather of July
and August, when the soil becomes so
dry that the roots have difficulty in
obtaining the needed moisture. The
checking of development which results
often reduces the yield of corn as
much as twenty to thirty bushels per
acre and that of other crops in pro
portion. For every pound of dry
matter In a mature plant from 300 to
500 pounds of water have been brought
up by the roots and evaporated from
the leaves. One of the most Impor
tant factors In the production of a
maximum crop Is the maintenance of
a plentiful water supply within easy
reach of the roots.
There are three classes of water in
the soli. The first is known as ground
water and is that water which col
lects In a hole dug in a wet soli or
runs oL through the. tiW; in drajued
land. The second is the capillary
water and is that which is left be
tween the soil particles after the
ground water has been drawn off.
Tbe ground water is uffected by grav
itation, while the capillary water la
not.
If a sample of soli that looks per
fectly dry Is placed In nn oven and
heated for same time It will be found
that Is bus lost considerably In weight,
owing to moisture being driven off.
This is the third class, or hydroscopic
moisture. This, of course, Is of no
value to the plant, since the roots
cannot extract moisture from an air
dry soil. Neither can they use the
ground water. This is really a dam
age lu the upper two or three feet of
soil, since it so fills the spaces that
the roots cannot get enough air.
During a rain the ground water
passing through the soil draws con
siderable air with it. As soon as the
comes itfien a suMenTlry'peridd fol
lows a few weeks of excessive rain
fall. The abundance of moisture dur
ing the early part of the season has
kept the plants from sending their
roots down very deep. When dry
weather does come, tbe soil bakes and
cracks and evaporation goes on very
rapidly. This, together with the de
mands made by the plants, lowers the
water table so rapidly that root growth
cannot Keep pace with It. As a result
the capillary moisture within reach of
the roots is not replaced as fast as it
ts used, and the growth of tbe plants
Is seriously checked.
Fields with a clay subsoil withstand
dry weather much better than those
with a subsoil of sand or gravel. The
latter, because of their looser texture,
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
Department of the Interior.
U. S. Land OM;e at La Grande, Ore
Bon. Febriary 15, 4909.
Notice Is hereby given that Charles B.
Horner, of Lightning, Oregon, who, on
July 21, 1C04. maie Homestead Entry
o. 13723-Serlal, No. 01200, for Lots 1
and i, SW14 NE14, NW SE, Sec
Ion i. Township S North, Range 49
East Wll'amette Meridian, has filed
notice of intention to make Final five
year Proof, to establish claim to the
land afco.e describe!, before D. W.
h.ahnn, U. P. Commissioner, at En
terpiise, Ore;on, on the 6th day of
April, 1939.
Claimant names as witnesses: Charles
G. Holmes, Colonel F. Graves, Guy C.
Horner, William P. Rankin, all of Light
ning, Oregon.
F. C. Bramwell, Register.
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
Department of the Interior.
U. S. Land Office at La Grande Ore
gon, February 15, 1S03.
Notice is he eby given that Ezekiel
F. S-argeant, of Enterprise, Oregon, who
on October 2 th 1903, made Homestead
Entry No. 13322 Serial, No. 03269, for
the North-east quarter of Section 34,
Township 1 N., Range 46, East, WIL Me
ridian has fie! notice of Intention to
make ilnal five year proof, to establish
calm to the land above described, before
D. W. Sheahan, U. S. Commissioner, at
his office In Enterprise, Oregon, on the
tith day of April, 1909.
Claimant names as witnesses: Harry
N. Vaughan, Elmer J. Jewell, Delmar
Sargeant and Lora E. Allen, all of
Enterprise, Oregon.
F. C. Bramwell, Register.
For Diseases of the Skin.
Nearly all diseases of the skin such
as eczema, tetter, salt rheum and bar
bers' itch, are characterized by an in
tense itching and smarting, which
often makes life a burden and dis
turbs s eep and'rast. Quick relief
may be had by applying Chamber
lain's Salve. It al ays the itching
and smarting almo3l Instantly. Many
cases have been cured by its use. For
sale by Burnaugh & Mayfield.
Elgin fl3ur at W. J. Funk & Co's.
Patent $1.50 a sack, straight grade
. -.) a sack..
Banish pimples, blotches and boils
by taking Levy's Oregon Grape Cora
pound. Sold and guaranteed by Bur
naugh & Mayfield, Enterprise, Ore.
100,000
Strawberry Plants
TREES: Apple, Cherry, Peach
Pear, Shade Trees, Shrubbery,
and Roses, Small Fruits, large
supply of Box Elder at ex
tremely low prices. Send a list
of your wants for prices.
UNION NURSERIES
Union. Oregon
B. Conaway. O. M. Corklns.
CONAWAY 4 CORKINS,
LAWYERS
Enterprise, Oregon.
"Cartful Banking Insures the Safety of Deposits."
Depositors Have That Guarantee at
WALLOWA NATIONAL BANK
OF ENTERPRISE. OKFXION
CAPITAL Ml.rtX)
SURPLUS ')0.(KH)
Wc Do a General Banking Business.
Exchange Bought and Sold on
All Principal Cities.
Geo. W. Hyatt, President
Geo. 8. Craig, Vice President
W. R. Holmes, Cashier
Frank A. Ilea vis, Asst. Cashier
Gko .8. CllAKI
J. H. Dobiiin
numerous
Gko, V. 1 1 v ait Matttk A. Hoi.mrs
V. It. H01..MKS
1
ENTERPRISE MEAT MARKFT
BES1 OF MEATS ALWAYS ON HANI).
Highest Market
Price for
Hides and Pelts
PROPRIETORS
INDEPENDENT
PHONE 20
riO. VIII HOW TILH DRAINS AFFECT THB
WATEB TABLB.
S, surface of the ground; W, water ta
ble; Q, ground water; T, ttle drains
soli becomes saturated, however, so
that the water ts uo longer moving,
the air soon becomes used up, and the
crop will turn yellow and cease to
grow. The remedy, of course, is to
provide drains to remove the ground
water quickly.
The only kind of water which the
roots can use is the capillary water.
When this is present In the right
amount. It fills about half of the
paces between the soil particles. The
the rest are filled with air. The water
easily dissolves plant food from the
soil grains which It surrounds. Thus
the two essentials for rapid root de
velopment, air and plant food, are
preaeut in the proper amounts aud In
a readily available form. As fast as
the water Is taken up by the roots
more Is brought up by capillarity from
the supply lu the subsoil In the man
ner noted In article No. 2.
The place where the capillary water
Joins the ground water Is called the
water table. If this water table Is
too high, the feeding ground of the
roots Is greatly restricted, since they
cannot go below It. If, on the other
hand, the water table -Is too deep,
capillarity cannot bring the water up
as fast as It Is used by the roots.
In dry weather the water table low
ers rapidly, but the roots are also
growing downward at the same time.
The greatest damage from drought
FIO. IX OOVEIS1NQ TUB TILE DITCH.
allow the water to filter down out of
reach instead of retaining it for fu
ture use, as do the clay soils.
The farmer cannot influence the
amount of rainfall, of course. After
the rain has falleu, however, it be
loncs to him to do with as he sees fit
The way he handles it from this time
on determines to a large extent the
size of the crop be will harvest when
fall comes.
The first problem Is to get rid of the
surplus ground water quickly, and the
second Is to waste as little of the cap
illary water as possible. An endeavor
should be made to lower the water
table to three or four feet below the
surface as soon as possible after each
rain. If this can be accomplished In
two or three days the growth of the
crop will be interfered with very lit
tle. A few soils are so well drained
naturally that little artificial drainage
Is necessary. On almost any farm
there ore hills and ridges where the
natural drainage is sufficient. The
hollows between these elevations, how
ever, and all the fiat fields will yield
much larger crops If tiled.
The distance a line of tile will "draw"
13 la sandy soils often as fur ns 100
feet on each side, while In heavy clay
soils it may not be more than sixteen
feet. This distance is also affected by
the depth of the tile. The deeper they
are placed the farther they will draw.
Tile are usually placed at an average
depth of about three feet, though In
many Instances four would be better.
The extra- cost of digging the ditch a
foot deeper Is something of an objec
tion, but is balanced by the fact- that
the lines of tile do not need to be as
close together. Deep tile are not as
easily displaced by freezing, and a
deeper feeding ground for the roots Is
provided.
A mistake made more frequently
than that of not putting the drains in
deep euough Is that of using too small
tl'.e. The character of the soil, the fall
a;:d the amount of surface drained are
tha factors which largely determine
the proper size to use. Almost every
book or bulletin of tile drainage gives
tables for figuring the slze'of tile re
quired under various conditions. If
there Is any doubt It always pays to
get a size too large rather than a size
too small, even If tbe cost Is a little
more.
It is usually better to let the job of
tiling to a contractor rather than to at
tempt to do it yourself. There are re
liable tilers In almost every locality
who can be depended upon to lay the
tile to grade c.'.ti Co a first class job In
every particular. Only the hard burn
ed tile should be used. These will last
for a lifetime or longer If properly put
lu. When tile go within fifteen or
twenty feet of trees tbe joints should
be cemented. Otherwise the tree roots
will find their way through the joints
and fill np the drains to vuch an extent
that the Cow of water will be cut off.
The most Important part of a drain
age system is the outlet The tile
should empty into a stream If possible.
Water should uot be allowed to staud
over the mouth of the outlet If It can
be avoided, as this checks the current
and causes the drain to partly fill up
with silt, thus reducing Its capacity
Just that much.
With a thorough system of tile drain
age lu good working order the problem
of getting rid of surplus water is
solved. Tiling also helps to solve the
problem of hick of water. Tbe roots
go down so much deeper In a tiled
oil that they are In position to with
stand a drought better than If they
were foot or two farther above the
water table. Removing the surplus
water by drainage also hastens the
warming of the soil In the spring.
General BlacKsmitKing
jfcorseshoeing a Specialty
If you wish to buy a Hack, Buggy, Plow or Hairow meruit
handle a complete stock in thio line and you will nave m. ny bj
purchasing of tne.
. S. E. Combes,
Enterprise, Oregon.
Did It Ever Occur To You That A
Telephone in Your Home
Provides safety, convenience, economy and
pleasure, and makes your home life com
plete? Its cost is little, its benefits are
manifold.
Home Independent Telephone Co
Covering Union and Wallowa Counties
MAIL AND PASSENGER
STAGE LINE
Wallowa. ' Appleton. Flora to Paradise,
MONDAYS, WEDNESDAYS and FRIDAYS; and
From Paradise, Flora and Appleton to Wallowa,
TUESDAYS. THURSDAYS and SATURDAYS.
Good accommodations, courteous treatment and reasonable rales.
Leaves Wallowa at 6 a. 01.
E. W. SOUTHWICK, Proprietor
X
MILLIONS OF
RflOWEY
AT LOWEST RATES. ON EASIEST TERMS.
Wm. Miller & Brother,
SUITE 204, Wallowa National BanK Building,
Enterprise, Oregon.
X
X
'i
1XliI3BIIHBIIEBIMIHBKEHIIiaSS02aiII5IBSIIX33
1 n n n 5
Dealer in
Harness, Saddles, Chapps, Spurs, and Leather
Goods of all descriptions.
I will fit you out with the best goods for the least
money. When in need of anything in my line, call and
inspet my'stock before purchasing.
ENTERPRISE, ... . OREGON
Red Front Livery and
Feed Stable
First Class Accommodations
Best of Hay and Grain &
BOSWELL & .SON
PROPRIETORS.
ONE BiX)CK SOUTH OF
HOTEL ENTERPRISE
X
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