The news=record., February 13, 1909, Saturday Edition, Image 2

Is The Coming Wheat
Granary Of The World!
to
You can buy land that will produce from 35 to 50 bushels of winter wheat, 45 to 60 bushels of
barley and from 60 to 100 bushels of oats, from the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, at $12 and
$15 per acre, cne-tenth cash and the remainder in nine years at 6 per cent interest.
This land is in the Bow river valley east of Calgary, in the chinook belt of Alberta, along a main
line of railroad, is well watered, free from rock, gravel and alkali and covered with grass which will
make two tons of bunch grass hay per acre!
One Sod Crop Actually Pays For The Land Aiid The Railroad Company Will Help You Farm
It. If You Raise No Crop You Make No Payment! You Can't Lose
Thirty practical farmers and investors of Umatilla and Union counties have bought this land.
Ten car loads of work horses and farming implements are being shipped from Pendleton into this new
district this spring. These farmers know a good thing when they see it.
The Alberta winters are not severe. The country is visited regularly by warm chinook winds
during the winter season and cattle winter out and stay fat without hay or shelter.
Hundreds Of Wide Awake Americans Paid For Their Land With Their 1908 Wheat Crop
It is no experiment. Hundreds of new homes are being built, railroads are being constructed,
thousands of acres have been broken out and seeded and it is the last new country on the American
continent.
Buy direct from the railroad company and get low prices and easy terms. The company wants
you. It wants your citizenship in Canada and it wants traffic to haul out. It will help you pay
for your land. It will fence, break sod, drill wells, build houses or do anything for its settlers.
It costs but $55 to maKe the round trip from La Grande to Calgary and return, by getting' our cheap rate. Go and see Alberta now.
The weather is mild and open. Inquire for the date of the next trip,
THE NEWS RECORD
(Twice-a-Week.)
AN INhlCPBNIvKNT NKWHl'AI'KR !
j lalawa News, estub
lisheJ Marth 3. 18'JJ. ,
i ubllshed Wednesdays and Satur
days at Enterprise, Oregon, by i
THE ENTERPRISE PRESS j
Office East side Court Mouse Siniaro
.lueieil lit the Enterprise posloffice
as sueond-clusa mutter.
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1909.
. hEJU-ICIAL TO PORTLAND.
The Pa Mo Express eompiuiy Is
I. 3 to be responsible for l'ort
o i ng ..ta ol trade In tlita vnl-
.!.. . i ue iireioiu express rates rroni
. .iii t Enterprise are prnctl
i .i ibo taiue as from Chicago to
i i .
no rut :s are burdensomely high.
s . .e aro paving as much or
i e ilian when the goods were
brought In by stage from Elgin. A
! u i pound package of merchnn
a .rjm I'ortlaud costs 90 cents,
hat ltn't highway robbery, what
The P-icl Ic Is the company whose
alio. ne In a hearing before the
tuliioiiil commission a woek or so
'ISO attempted to excuse the com
pany's exorbitant rates by saying
.hoy wera uecewiry becauso of the
"dlshouesty of the company's
agents." The bald-faced llnr! He
ought to have suffered the fato of
...s. Every agent Is under
bonds, Is mulcted a large per cent
of his commissions every month for
security bond premiums, if he stole
a dollar or $1000 the company
wouldn't lose a penny.
It was prove 1 at the hearing bo
fore the state railroad commission
before referred to, that the Oregon
rates of the Pacific Express com
pany are on the average 100 per
cent higher than the rates the
same company charges In Nebraska
and Texas.
And, mind you, this company pays
practically no taxes on Its Immense
monopo:ts!lc privilege! In this mate
It was stated In the hearing before
the commission that Its property In ,
Oregon amounted to less than ):!000! '
It is surely a proper subject for
state taxation. No express company
should be allowol to do bushiest
without a state license, and the fe
for that license should bo a cer
tain per cent of the gross earning
of the licensee, enough to partially
recompense the public for the nat
ural monopoly granted the company.
odern
I. Slow a. Seod Stario to Groiv
. By C. V. GREGORY,
Agricultural Hi-di-sinn, lotoa State Collect
Copyright, 1903. by American Press Association
SEED in a simple thing to look
f at. It might ns well be a
,flr4 pebble or u grain of snml for
. all there, seems to be to it.
Only a beau, you say, yet there's n
great deal more to that bean than you
ever dreamed of.
Take n bean Just an ordinary white
bean uit of the pantry and look nt It.
The smooth white outer covering Is
the seed coat. It Is almost water
light mid Is a protection for the ports
that He within. On one side you will
not li e a very conspicuous spot. This
Is the seed scnr ami Is the place where
the Utile stem that fastened the bean
to the pod was nttnched. Near one
end of the seed soar, or hlluin, ns the
botanists call It, Is a small round hole,
the inlero.ii.vlo. If you put n bean lu
water It will soon begin to swell be
cause of the water which It absorbs
through the luli'vopyle.
Now, tnlie u bean that has been
soaked for n few hours. The seed
rout will come
IT easily. The
part of the bean
that Is Inside Is
found to be split
In two. length
wise. These two
halves are called
cotyledons, which
Is only another
mi mo for seed
leaves. Spread
the cotyledons
npart carefully.
If y;u look close
ly you enn see a
little plant tuck
id Ftiugly nwny
lietween them.
Just lo one Hide
of the middle is
n small stein, the
rauliole. Fasten
ed t i It is the
plur.-.ule, a tiuy
bunch of leaver
fid. I A L1TT1.1
HJCAN PLANT.
so small that you
may
out.
have tlltllculty In making them
Farther on, at the eud of the
bean, is the stubby root, or radicle.
These different parts are found in ev
ery seed, no matter how small.
Now that you have seen what Is In
the bean, examine a pumpkin seed lu
Jonathan Johnson, Canadian Pacific Land Dept. Pendleton, Oreg'on.
Agriculture
the same way. It Is muc'j the samo
inside as the bean, only flatter. The
bllum Is at the pointed end, and the
plumule is so small that you may not
be able to see It at all. In these two
seeds there are only two main parts, '
the seed cont and the little plant. By ,
far the greater part of the room Inside i
the seed coat is taken up by the fleshy
seed leaves.
Now let us look at a different kind
of a seed. Take n kernel of corn that
has been soaked for several hours and
cut It in two lengthwise the nai run
way. The back of the gralu I;i l. ide
up in part of a hard, flinty substauce
and in part of a white, mealy layer. A
largo part of the front of the kernel Is
taken up by the soft, oily germ. .
Look at the cut section of the germ
carefully. The little plant can be
made out very plainly. The little
pointed stem which points upward and
outward is the cotyledon. There la
only one cotyledon In corn instead of
two, ns in the other seeds you have
examined. If you will take a cotyledon
of a com plant that has been left lu a
warm place until it has commenced to
grow und cut It in two lengthwise you
will see that the Inside is packed with
layers of tiny leaves ready to unfold
as soon ns their turn comes. This is
the plumule. The other parts of the
little corn plant you will be able to
make out with little trouble.
You Lave doubtless been wondering
what the rest of the kernel, the part
back of the germ, is for. While it f
not a part of the plant Itself, It is of
very great use to It, as we shall see.
The little plant when it begins ti
grow must have food. At first It has
no roots to get this food from the soil
so It must get Its nourishment from
some other source. This source Is the
part of the kernel outside of the germ
Itself, or the endosperm. In the pump,
kin seed and the bean the endosperm
and the cotyledons are the same that
' la, the food material is stored in the
large, fishy seed leaves.
This food material consists largely '
of starch and oil. Neither of these cai I
be used by the developing plant with
, out first being cbauged to a liquid
; form. This is one of the reasons why
seeds will not germinate without wa
i ieA. The other reason Is that the wa
ter Is needed to soften the seed coat so
the plant can get out. But this starch
and oil will not dissolve In water
without first being changed to a solu
ble form. This Is accomplished by
means of ferments called enzymes. If
you will put a piece of starch on youl
tongue for a moment you will find thai
It will begin to tasto sweet. This is
because the ferments in the saliva art
chnnrrlng It to sugar. The enzymes In
the endosperm work In much the same
way, chnnglng the starch and oil to
sugar and other soluble substances.
These are dissolved by the water and
go to feed the growlng'plant.
These enzymes cannot work without
air and warmth. You already know
that a seed will not germinate in cold
ground, and if you will put some
beans in a glass of water and leave
them for several days you will find
that they will not germinate, no mat
ter how warm they are kept, because
they cannot get air. The reason is that
without both air and warmth the en
zymes cannot prepare the food for the
plant, and if It cannot get food of
course It cannot grow.
After the plnnt has started to grow
the seed coat is no longer of any use
lo It. In some plants, such ns corn,
the little plant finds its way out very
easily. The little pumpkin plant, with
Its heavy coat, has a harder time. In
deed, were it not for a little contriv
ance with which nature has provided
It It could not get out at all. This is a
tiny hook on the lower end of the
seed. This hook catches on the end of
the seed coat and peels it back as
neatly as you take off your coat.
Watch for this In a germinating pump
kin or squash seed and see If you can
not notice it. In some seeds, like hick
ory nuts, the plant is unable to get out
until the seed coat is cracked by the
frost or in some other way.
We have seen that a seed cannot
start to grow unless It has moisture,
warmth and air. It not only needs
these, but it needs them In the proper
proportions. In a light, sandy soil
moisture Is often lacUlusr, and the
seed la slow in germinating for this
reason. In such a soil growth will
start more quickly if the soil Is pack
ed tightly around the seed. The seed
will soak up moisture more rapidly if
the particles of soil are in close con
tact with it on all sides. Tacking
down the soil In the row with the
flat side of a hoe or With a board or
with the broad, flat planter wheels In
the field helps the Bced to absorb
moisture and so hastens germination.
In a heavy, sticky clay soil there is
usually plenty of moisture, but nlr is
ofteu lacking. If such a soli is pack
ed down too tightly over the seed the
particles are forced so closely together
that very little air can get through,
and hence germination Is delayed. In
a aoll of this ktud seeds should never
be planted very deeply.
The most Important factor of all is
warmth. A cold soil may have
moisture and air In exactly the right
amounts, and still the seed will not
start to develop. Even If It does be
gin to grow progress will be slow, and
the plant will have a weak, unhealthy
look. It is of the utmost Importance
to wait until the seed bed Is warm
before planting the seed. Many seeds
which would rot or produce only
spindling stalks if planted in a cold
soli will grow into strong plants if
planting is delayed until the soil has
become warm. Any seed will make a
stronger, better producing plant If It
has a warm seed bed to start from.
The rapidity with which soil will
warm up In the spring depends a great
deal upon the nature of the soil Itself.
A- sandy soil warms up quickly be
cause the air can get down Into It
easily, thus warming it all the way
through at once. Another reason for
the higher temperature of sandy soil
is its greater dryness. As long as wa
ter is evaporating rapidly the ground
will be cold. The process of evapora
tion requires a great deal of heat.
Via. II HOW A SQUASH K.ART TAX KB 07V
ITS BXKD COAT.
We can help the soil to become
warm in the spring, then, by doing all
that we can to check evaporation. Did
you ever notice how quickly the sur
face of a wet field became dry after It
had been harrowed? This Is because
stirring and loosening the soil stops
the water from coming up from be
low. The water in the loose upper
layer soon evaporates, and after that
the heat la used In warming the soil
Instead of turning the water Into va
por. Of course If we are not going Jo.
Or J. E. Reynolds, La Grande, Oreg'on.
allow the surplus wafer to be given off
by evaporation we must provide tile
drains and ditches to carry It away
We shall study more about drainage
and the movement of water through
the aoll In another article.
to be continued.
Red Cross Gives $150,000.
Rome, Feb. 9. .-It Is announced
officially that the American Red
CroBS, through Ambassador Qrlscom,
has put 1150,000 at the disposal of
the committee organized by Queen
Helena, which has undertaken the
establishment of an orphanage to be
; devoted to the care of children of
I homeless and without care of par
ents after the earthquake disaster.
A Common Cold.
We claim that if catching cold
could be avoided some of the most
dangerous and fatal diseases would
never be heard of. A cold often
forms a culture bed for germs of
Infectious diseases. Consumption,
pneumonia, diphtheria, and scarlet
fever, four of the most dangerous
and fatal .diseases, are of this class.
The culture bed formed by the cold
favors the development of the germs
of these diseases, that would not
otherwise find lodgment. There Is
little danger, however, of any of
these diseases being contracted when
a good expectorant cough medicine
like Chamberlain's Cough Remedy
Is used. It cleans out these culture
beds that favor the development of
the germs of these diseases. That is
why this remedy has proved so uni
versally successful in preventing
pneumonia. It not only cures your
j-old quickly, but minimizes the risk
nf contracting these dangerous dis
eases. For sale by Burnaugh &
Mayfleld.
Will Investigate Portland Dispute.
Chicago, Feb. 8. One of the bit
terest fights, lasting years, between
the Harrlman and Hill lines over
passenger business tn tti. D..m.
i Northwest is to be settled by the In
' terstate Commerce Commission.
That body has given notice that on
February 7 It will hntMn . i .,...
rsM vou iutcou
gation of Its own motion at Chicago,
with a view to determining the right
of the Northern Pacific to close the
Portland gateway to through busi
ness over the Harrlman roads.
Incidentally, the case will go far
toward determining the right of the
commission to order through routes
and compel railroads to Join In
through tariffs, and therefore the
right of a traveler to buy a through
ticket over any two or more lines
which reach his destination.
j ., -v
5 VW -