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About The Siuslaw news. (Florence, Lane County, Or.) 1960-current | View Entire Issue (April 7, 2018)
SIUSLAW NEWS ❚ SATURDAY, APRIL 7, 2018 Prevention from 1A Types of abuse typically fall under four categories: physi- cal, sexual, psychological (or emotional) and neglect. Like neglect, psychological abuse is fairly nebulous in its definition and characterizing it can pose a challenge. The psy- chological and emotional well- being of a child is complex in contrast to physical health and its effects are not always immediately obvious. Indeed, the WHO has lamented in its World Report on Violence and Health that psychological abuse is given less attention worldwide than physical or sexual abuse. Locally, the prevalence of the problem is unclear. Though OHDS keeps a record of “mental injury,” FLORENCE HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE Round-Up FRIDAY, $35,/ SATURDAY, $35,/ FLORENCE TRANSFER SITE Oregon holds a separate, broad category for “threat of harm,” which under national criteria may qualify as psychological, physical, sexual abuse or neg- lect. Endangering a child by leaving them in a life-threaten- ing situation, for example, may be recorded under the same category as exposing them to domestic violence. Representing 41.6 percent of incidents, this form of abuse is second only to neglect in Lane County. Mann-Heintz points out that verbal abuse and threats of violence play no small part in this. “I hear people say things to children that they would never say to another adult,” she said. “And yet they talk to their kids that way.” Though the effects of psy- chological abuse are not always apparent, it is no less insidious. The consequences are wide-ranging and vary from person to person. Often, the victim’s interpersonal rela- tionships suffer in a myriad of ways, and the victim may later turn to substance abuse or self- harm to dampen overwhelm- ing emotions such as anxiety or depression. Physical abuse, which accounts for only 6 percent of cases in Lane County, is not the most prominent of abuse types, yet remains a controver- sial issue due to disagreements about discipline. Forms of corporal punish- ment which do not cause phys- ical injury or “substantial pain” are legally accepted in Oregon. ODHS has stated, “Although not recommended, spanking is not abuse. However, a spanking that leaves marks or bruises on a child might be abuse. Spanking a baby is always a concern.” Mann-Heintz comes down firmly on one side of the argu- ment. “I personally think that hit- ting children is never a good option,” she said. “It only maintains an abusive cycle.” The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child requires states to protect children from “all forms of physical or mental violence” while under care. The United Nations Comm- ittee on the Rights of the Child has affirmed that corporal pun- ishment is incompatible with this requirement. Mann-Heintz stressed that parents should know their chil- dren well enough to choose corrective methods that are the most effective yet mild. “Adults need to learn that discipline is a conscious act, not a reaction,” she said. In the worst cases, physical health consequences of abuse on small children include brain damage, central nervous sys- is a marked drop in victim- hood rates after a child reach- es his or her first birthday, highlighting the vulnerability of this age group and the importance of parental educa- tion. The issue of child abuse pervades nearly all cultures and communities worldwide. Its prevalence has deep-run- ning implications for any social fabric. Abused children are more likely to grow up with heavier burdens in their lives and consequently project those burdens onto others and into their community in vari- ous ways. Increased rates of child abuse have been linked to poor- er health, both physically and psychologically. A 2012 sys- tematic review found that emo- tionally abused subjects were three times more likely to develop a depressive disorder than non-abused individuals. The same study concluded a strong causal relationship between non-sexual maltreat- ment and a range of mental disorders, risky sexual behav- ior and drug use. Rising health concerns inevitably bring financial bur- den. Besides health costs, funding must also be diverted to such areas as child welfare services, foster care and the criminal justice system. See PREVENTION 11A Cel 70 ebrat + Y ing ear s! Hoberg’s 2820 N. Rhododendron Drive tem injuries and bone frac- tures, all of which could lead to life-long disabilities. Accounting for the fewest cases across data sets is sexual abuse. There were 61 incidents in Lane County for the 2017 fiscal year, making up just over 4 percent of the county’s total abuse and neglect cases. Though relatively rare, sex- ual abuse is no less serious as it can cause reproductive health problems, sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies — all this before the potential psy- chological damage and result- ing difficulties imposed upon the child’s life. Fatalities resulting from abuse or neglect are even rarer, but also cause for concern. There were 30 deaths attrib- uted to abuse or neglect in Oregon during 2017, with 20 being determined as the result of neglect; more than half of all victims were under the age of five. Numbers like these reflect a trend across data sets. Neglect is far more common than other forms of abuse and data sug- gest the risk of victimhood increases with youth — the younger the child, the higher the victim rate. Nationwide, children less than one year old constitute nearly 25 percent of cases. 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