SIUSLAW NEWS ❚ SATURDAY, APRIL 7, 2018
Prevention
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Types of abuse typically fall
under four categories: physi-
cal, sexual, psychological (or
emotional) and neglect.
Like neglect, psychological
abuse is fairly nebulous in its
definition and characterizing it
can pose a challenge. The psy-
chological and emotional well-
being of a child is complex in
contrast to physical health and
its effects are not always
immediately obvious.
Indeed, the WHO has
lamented in its World Report
on Violence and Health that
psychological abuse is given
less attention worldwide than
physical or sexual abuse.
Locally, the prevalence of
the problem is unclear.
Though OHDS keeps a
record of “mental injury,”
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Oregon holds a separate, broad
category for “threat of harm,”
which under national criteria
may qualify as psychological,
physical, sexual abuse or neg-
lect. Endangering a child by
leaving them in a life-threaten-
ing situation, for example,
may be recorded under the
same category as exposing
them to domestic violence.
Representing 41.6 percent
of incidents, this form of abuse
is second only to neglect in
Lane County.
Mann-Heintz points out that
verbal abuse and threats of
violence play no small part in
this.
“I hear people say things to
children that they would never
say to another adult,” she said.
“And yet they talk to their kids
that way.”
Though the effects of psy-
chological abuse are not
always apparent, it is no less
insidious. The consequences
are wide-ranging and vary
from person to person. Often,
the victim’s interpersonal rela-
tionships suffer in a myriad of
ways, and the victim may later
turn to substance abuse or self-
harm to dampen overwhelm-
ing emotions such as anxiety
or depression.
Physical abuse, which
accounts for only 6 percent of
cases in Lane County, is not
the most prominent of abuse
types, yet remains a controver-
sial issue due to disagreements
about discipline.
Forms of corporal punish-
ment which do not cause phys-
ical injury or “substantial
pain” are legally accepted in
Oregon. ODHS has stated,
“Although not recommended,
spanking is not abuse.
However, a spanking that
leaves marks or bruises on a
child might be abuse.
Spanking a baby is always a
concern.”
Mann-Heintz comes down
firmly on one side of the argu-
ment.
“I personally think that hit-
ting children is never a good
option,” she said. “It only
maintains an abusive cycle.”
The
United
Nations
Convention on the Rights of
the Child requires states to
protect children from “all
forms of physical or mental
violence” while under care.
The United Nations Comm-
ittee on the Rights of the Child
has affirmed that corporal pun-
ishment is incompatible with
this requirement.
Mann-Heintz stressed that
parents should know their chil-
dren well enough to choose
corrective methods that are the
most effective yet mild.
“Adults need to learn that
discipline is a conscious act,
not a reaction,” she said.
In the worst cases, physical
health consequences of abuse
on small children include brain
damage, central nervous sys-
is a marked drop in victim-
hood rates after a child reach-
es his or her first birthday,
highlighting the vulnerability
of this age group and the
importance of parental educa-
tion.
The issue of child abuse
pervades nearly all cultures
and communities worldwide.
Its prevalence has deep-run-
ning implications for any
social fabric. Abused children
are more likely to grow up
with heavier burdens in their
lives and consequently project
those burdens onto others and
into their community in vari-
ous ways.
Increased rates of child
abuse have been linked to poor-
er health, both physically and
psychologically. A 2012 sys-
tematic review found that emo-
tionally abused subjects were
three times more likely to
develop a depressive disorder
than non-abused individuals.
The same study concluded a
strong causal relationship
between non-sexual maltreat-
ment and a range of mental
disorders, risky sexual behav-
ior and drug use.
Rising health concerns
inevitably bring financial bur-
den. Besides health costs,
funding must also be diverted
to such areas as child welfare
services, foster care and the
criminal justice system.
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Accounting for the fewest
cases across data sets is sexual
abuse. There were 61 incidents
in Lane County for the 2017
fiscal year, making up just
over 4 percent of the county’s
total abuse and neglect cases.
Though relatively rare, sex-
ual abuse is no less serious as
it can cause reproductive
health problems, sexually
transmitted infections and
unwanted pregnancies — all
this before the potential psy-
chological damage and result-
ing difficulties imposed upon
the child’s life.
Fatalities resulting from
abuse or neglect are even rarer,
but also cause for concern.
There were 30 deaths attrib-
uted to abuse or neglect in
Oregon during 2017, with 20
being determined as the result
of neglect; more than half of
all victims were under the age
of five.
Numbers like these reflect a
trend across data sets. Neglect
is far more common than other
forms of abuse and data sug-
gest the risk of victimhood
increases with youth — the
younger the child, the higher
the victim rate. Nationwide,
children less than one year old
constitute nearly 25 percent of
cases.
Though that number is just
12.4 percent in Oregon, there
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