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About Beaver State herald. (Gresham and Montavilla, Multnomah Co., Or.) 190?-1914 | View Entire Issue (April 21, 1911)
ORCHARD FARM .\ofes and Instructions from Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations of Oregon and 14 ashington. Specially Suitable to Pacific Coast Conditions -------- 'S SWINE PRODUCTS OF WORLD Other Countries Besides United States Increasing Hog Produc tion—Bacon Neglected. y Using alfalfa as an illustration of what is even more common in the H V. Scudder. Agronomist. Omgan'Agrteulturwl grasses and similar see«!, it appears College, t'orvaills. With such wonderful weather for perfectly evident, that both in purity and viability, the bulk of the seed now the earliest plowing and seeding as being sown by farmers in the North only Oregon can offer-every sower west is decidedly inferior, ami with of seeds is already looking forward absolute certainty this prophesies the with the highest expectations to a harvest. The grass seed samples tested show most prosperous harvest. even greater need of minute examina But just a moment, friend ! You tion before purchase of seed. So far remember well the scriptural warning this year only two samples of Red Top •‘Whatsoever a man soweth, that have been received that were up to shall he also reap. ” No prohecy ever standard in purity. Two-thirds of all the Orchard Grass samples examined uttered, perhaps, has received so uni were below the standard of purity that versal acceptance from humanity in it is possible to obtain. The best all the ages as this, possibly ^because sample of Kentucky blue grass exam it is founded upon a most primal lit ine«! contained 61 per cent of pure seed, while the standard of purity for eral truth. this species is 80 per cent. The stand From remote times man has been ard of germination for Red clover is first of all a sower of seed and every 95 per cent, yet the average germina recurring harvest in its dearth or in tion of the samples so far examined its plenitude has driven home the un by the laboratory this year is 73 per cent. To illustrate how dangerous it alterable truth of this maxim. Yet may be to sow seed containing a small the farmer of today, who of all men percentage of impurities, the exact should give most heed to the literal analysis of a sample of what was sold accuracy of this text and its direct ap for a mixture of timothy and alsike is plication to his industry—seems often given as follows: more heedless of this first step toward Timothy, 66 per cent; alsike clover, a bountiful harvest than were his fore 14 per cent, other cultivated grass bears ages ago. seeds, 5 per cent; trash. 9 per cent; For failure because of carelessness foreign seeds, 6 per cent in the quality of the seed used, there Although the amount of foreign seems little excuse nowadays. If seeds is only 6 per cent, and may pos “scientific agriculture” has done sibly be considered of no consequence, aught it has first of all increased the yet a list of the weed seed contained farmer’s opportunity to secure crops in this 6 per cent of foreign seeds fol of the highest quality, and repeatedly lows: it has emphasized the need of so doing. Plantain. Cinquefoil. Black-seeded Everywhere the state experiment plantain, mouse-ear chickweed, sorrel, stations and the federal agricultural pepper grass, evening primrose, witch authorities have eagerly extended the grass, shepherd’s purse, small crab helping hand to aid the farmer in pro grass, night-flowering catchfly. sedge, curing good seed, and year after year slender spike rush, lamb’s quarters, has the wisdom of these efforts been amaranth, brown-eyed Susan, woolly amply demonstrated. panicum. crab grass. May weed, dod The farmer of Oregon seems less der, syperus. small-seeded false flax, progressive in this matter than those hedge mustard, nerved manna grass, of any other section of the country. green foxtail, white vervain, curled Out of all of the samples of seed re dock, sporobolus sp., three-seeded ceived and tested at the cooperative mercury, forked catchfly, sleepy seed testing laboratory at Corvallis catchfly. yellow-wood sorrel, sinuate last year only twenty per cent were leaved evening primrose, Canada this- sent in by Oregon farmers. Yet the tie, horsemint, lyespus sp.. rush. need for most careful examination of Total weeds seeds per pound of sam seeds before purchase or sowing is pie, 13,500. constantly being demonstrated by the Although the farmer received only results of the work done in this seed eighty-five cents’ worth of good seed testing laboratory. This need is evi fot every dollar he paid out, yet, when dent especially in the grasses, clovers the weed seeds he has sown on his For example, in the farm are considered, it is not hard to and alfalfa. tests of alfalfa seed alone since Jan- realize how enormously unprofitable uary lst of this year forty-two per his seeding will prove at harvest time. cent of all samples examined by the It is this seeding of the land to worth seed experts’contained dodder, and in less plants and noxious weeds that is sixty-one per cent of this infected causing the farmers of the Northwest alfalfa, the dodder was the most dan the loss of thousands of dollars an gerous species known to agriculture. nually from the inferior crop produced One sample of alfalfa seed examined and the labor wasted. Nor can the and reported only last week contained dishonesty of the seedsmen in the Yet 1 per cent Northwest be considered the cause of 15.1 per cent dodder. of dodder is sufficient to destroy the this enormous annual waste. The alfalfa crop. Alfalfa seed having 1 seedsmen of this region are, for the per cent of dodder would contain about most part, trying to do their best, but 4,000 dodder seeds in every pound of if the farmer accepts and pays for in alfalfa and seeded at the rate of 16 ferior seed as readily as for the best, pounds of alfalfa per acre 400 dodder little encouragement is given to the seeds would be sown on every square honest seedsman to search out seed of rod of the seed bed; enough under or high quality and refuse to sell any dinary conditions to so thoroughly in thing else. fest the crop with the parasite as to Only by insisting upon pure, viable destroy the alfalfa in a single season. Alfalfa is one of the most important seed will the farmer secure, and final crops in the state and in the North ly force the seedsman to carry nothing Farmer and seedsman alike west. Dodder is a parasitic weed, else. the seed of which when sown with the have at their immediate service, free alfalfa germinates in the ground. Af of all cost, the co-operative S' ed test ter germination the slender tendrils of ing laboratory at Corvallis, which has the dodder vine reaches out, fasten but the one purpose, that of aiding upon and coil about the alfalfa stalk. both dealer and grower in securing and The soil roots of the dodder then die sowing high-quality seed. Hence, my friend, look well to your and the pest thereafter obtains its sustenance directly from the grownig seeding, so that in the golden harvest tissues of the alfalfa plant, sapping it time your present expectations may of life in a few weeks. Having des not be discounted. Begin at the be- ___ the __ dodder _____ ginning. Use naught but seed of troyed the ______ alfalfa plant vine blossoms and seeds most prolifi-' quality, pure and of high vitality, and cally, the seed scattering upon the as logically as effect follows cause, so ground, quickly germinating and at certainly will come to you at harvest tacking new alfalfa plants, thus rap the opportunity to reap in profit that idly spreading and ultimately destroy which you have »own with precaution. ing the crop, there being practically Tale of a Bird. no remedy where the dodder once gets A little four-year-old boy living In a started. The only means of preventing in country town disturbed and took fection from this dangerous pest, the some eggs from under a sitting hen seed of which so closely resembles al belonging to a neighbor The neigh falfa seed as not to be easily detected bor complained to the boy’s mother, except by experts, and which cannot who later r-all«-d her boy to her and be separated from the alfalfa seed by began to reprove him, when he broke any cleaning device now known is by In with the question: "Who told you?" the refusal of the buyer to purchase or Th» mother said; "A little bird told sow alfalfa seed containing even a me. Now, tell me, how many eggs did minute precentage of dod«ler seed. you take?” Free of charge, the seed expert at the The little boy, stammering, said: cooperative seed testing laboratory at "Well! W»ll! Why didn’t the bird Corvallis will examine and immediate tell you the whole of It?” ly report upon any sample of alfalfa NOTES OF THE SHEEPFOLD. or other seed sent in by any farmer or seedman in Oregon or the Northwest. The greatest profit Is realized by If free use were made of this labora tory there is little question that dod doing things rlght. der in the alfalfa fields of the north Sheep are nature’s dependable aide west, and in the seed harvested there- ' In restoring and Increasing soil ter- from, would be on the decrease in tlllty. stead of increase as it is now. Sheep will thrive neither with wet Nor is it in dangerous impurities feet or with damp, soggy fleeces, that inferior seed is constantly being ! The lamb that cashes in the most discovered. Using alfalfa as a fur money for its owner Is not a product ther illustration, germination tests of! of poverty. all the samples received at the labora-¡ Circumvent the large feed bills by tory since January 1st of this year producing better roughage and grain showed the following: on your own farms. 20 per cent of samples germinated 90-100 per cent ¡ To allow feeders to eat all the com 29 “ “ “ wn_on '* I SO-SO they can stow away after reaching 25 70-00 •' 60-70 14 the farm Is disastrous. ” r/i-oo 10 A little flock well tended on the Yet good alfalfa seed should ger- small farm well tilled will rarely dis- minate ninety-five per cent or over, appoint the good phonberd That good seed can be secu red. how- ever, is Rhown by the fact that 20 per Throwing a Fit. cent of the samples teste«! had a satis "What Is the athlete In that piece <n factory germinating power — were statuary doing?” good, live seed. The farmer must “Throwing the discus.” search for such, however. "What sort of a fit was that?" SEEDTIME AND HARVEST. Fred Sawyer, of Swift & Co., re- .-eutly returned from an extended European trip, says the Live Stock World Mr Sawyer was surprised at the extent to which countries abroad are Increasing the production of hogs since prices in Amerlcn have been too high to admit of exportation on any considerable scale Countries that have always been dependent ti|>on others for hog meat are finding out how easy It is for them to produce pork The biggest hogs he saw were In Hungary. They are sold there In pairs and a very common weight for a pair Is 1.100 pounds. These hogs are skinned and frequently produce 150 pounds of lard apiece Bacon cuts almost no figure with many conti netital European countries and the production of fat seems to be the prime object. He had often wondered why there Is no sale In France for breakfast bacon. He found the rea son to be that they do not bother about breakfast, a cup of coffee and a roll being all they ex|>ect to have before noon. However, the best ho tels In Barfs, of course, are catering In this as In other respects to the American custom England, however Is using heavier cuts of hog meat and even the people of Penmark, long fa mou* for bacon production, are grow ing heavier hogs to meet the general continental demand England Is get ting large quantities of hog products from Australia and New Zealand and Mr. Sawyer thinks that unless Amer ica gets so she can produce more hogs at less cost she will soon be shut entirely out of the markets of tho world America has started them all to raising hogs. IMPORTANCE OF ERADICATING INJURIOUS CATTLE TICK Southern Sintra Need More nnd Better I.lve Stock uttej Luiger ltotry Industry Objects be Promoted by Destroying Pest. The eradication of the cattle tick from the southern alate« la a problem of prime Importance to th« agricul tural interests of that section. More over, the good that would result from the elimination of th« tick would not l>e entirely confined to th« region di rectly concerned, and thus the matter assume« to a certain degree a national Importance. The south needs more and better live stock and a larger dairy Industry, and these objects would be greatly promoted by the destruction of the tick The Increased production of live stock by reason of Its Important bear Ing In maintaining ami Improving the fertility of the soil, would be of dis tlnct benefit In increasing th« yield of field crops. An incidental though Im portant advantage of stock raising and dairying would be found In the dlstrl button of the farmer's Incom« through out the year, enabling him to live on a cash basis. It can thus be seen that the benefits which would accrue to southern agriculture from the exterm Inatlon of the cattle tick would be very great and far reaching There ar« several species of cattle ticks, but the chief one is commonly called the "cattle" or "Texr.s fever" It Is th« on« most frequently tick found on cattle and Is much more abundant than the other *|>ecl«a When the losses occasioned by this parasite ar« once thoroughly under stood by farmers and stockmen there will be little need for arguments tn favor of tick eradication Some of the TAKING CARE OF ROADSIDES losses are not directly noticeable and consequently make little Impression, Unsightly Brush Should Be Removed while other losses properly charge- able to the tick are frequently attrib- and All Ornamental and Shade uted to other causes Trees Protected. Various writers h’ive estimated the No matter how smooth anti well annual loss due to the tick nt from const ruct«’d the traveled road may be 140,000.00 to J 100,000.000 These tig If the roadsides are not cared for. the ur>s should be umple argument, even highway as a whole will not give a to the most comprehensive, for th« good Impression. All rubbish should eradication of the pest. In getting rid of the tick. It may I*- be removed; the excavations should be filled and embankments smoothed attacked ou the pasture and on the and planted with grass wherever It cattle. the method fol In freeing will grow. I’nslghtly brush should be cut and gnibbeil out. Sometimes lowed may be either a direct or an however, the brush and small trees indirect one. If suitably trimmed, add to the at-i The former consists In excluding all cattle, horses and mules from pas tractiveness of the roadside. All trees that are ornamental or tures until all the ticks have dl< d from which have value as shade tree» should be preserved and protf-ctcd, unless they grow« so close together as to make a dense shade. In hot. dry climates particularly, and. Indeed. Irt most places, trees are a conslderablt factor In reducing the cost of main tenance, since they lessen the evapo ration of the moisture from the mac adam. In exposed places where ths sweep of the wind would be otherwise unbroken they serve to prevent In a measure the blowing away of ths binder from the road surface. I'nfor tunately In such places It Is offer, difficult to make tr«'es grow, Care In rhe selection of the kinds of tree» best suited to the locality is lmpor tant. Market for Farmere. Pall Spraying Pump. City people would rather deal direct with the farmers when they are sure they will g«-t pure, fresh and whole starvation. The latter connl"ts In per some stuff, says a writer In an es milting the cattle and other animals change. One of my neighbors has to continue on the Infested pnsture for the past four years sold all the and treating th<m nt regular Inter oil* or other agi ntR des true- ' eggs off her farm to city people, She va!s with I ticks and thus preventing eti is sending about 50 dozen a week to live to Chicago this winter and gets five gorge t-d female« from dropping and re The larvae on cents above the retail cost. She has Inferring the pasture. : tho pasture, or those which hatch averag«-d 38 cents per dozen for her from eggs Inld by females already eggs, tho consumer paying express there, will all eventually meet death «.barges, while the average price at Such of these as g'-t upon the cattle our home town has been ubout 23 from time to time will be destroyed by cents. Pays, doesn’t it? the treatment, while those which fall This woman never buys eggs except to find a host will die In the pasture from two neighbors whose reliability from starvation. she knows, but she takes all they sei! Animals may be freed of ticks In and makes a profit of about 15 cents two ways. They may be treated with a dozen on them. Of course, she does an agent that will destroy all tho ticks not tell anybody what she gets from present, or they may bo rotated at the city consumers. She packs the! proper Intervals on tick free fields un eggs In paper boxes with partitions J til all the ticks have dropped. forming a little compartment for each, Spraying Is probably the most con- egg. She usually ships from four to ' six dozen In a box. Green Feed for Chicks. Have tender green feed for the early chicks. Young collards and ten- der lettuce will be eaten readily by them, The chicks may help them- selves from the growing plants or the latter may be cut up with a sharp knife, Both these plants stand low temperatures, and will give green feed early if planted soon enough. vcnlent and practical way of treating cattle on the majority of farms A good style of pail spray pump will be sufficient for treating small herds. \bout 15 feet of 3-3 inch high pressure hose Is required anil ■ type of noxzl« furnishing a cone shaped spray will In found satisfactory A noxilu with two small mi aperture should not b« used. Every portion of th« body should 1« thoroughly trialed, special attention being given to th«1 head, dewlap, brisket. Inside of elbows, thighs and Hanks, the tall and the depressions at the baa« of tho tall Crude oil alone may be used, but In general a !0 to J.’> p«r cent, emulsion will be better. All the cattle should be sprayed every two weeks and the treatment should not be discontinued simply b« cause the ticks have become scarce or seetn to have disappeared In localities where ticks commonly occur on cattle In considerable num hers during the winter tilin' It will be advisable to continue spraying In lo cnlltlei where ticks disappear or arc present in very small numbers durian the winter, the cattle should by In spected carefully each week to remove and destroy any ticks that may be present When warm weather comes. It will be well In all ckaes In which spraying has been discontinued dur ing the winter to begin spraying nnd continue until It can be determined with certainty that eradication has been accomplished Th«’ spraying should not be delayed until ticks show again In considerable numbers One tick destroyed In the early spring will save th«* trouble of destroying thou- sands a few months later. MEXICAN STYLE OF FARMING Mont Primitiv« M«th«»«l» of Agri culture Ar« Still Carrl««l <>a lu Many l'arte of ill« Old UvpublU. (Ry VK’K-«’( 'NSC!. Il M RTKt’t’KN) The most primitive method ol I farming Is still carried on In many | parts of Mexico, The plowing la done by tho old time bull tongue, which ! Is a crooked stick with the ¡xilnt cov i red with an Iron shoe, which only scratches the soil Corn is planted by hnnd. n man fol lowing the plow, dropping the seed and covering It with his foot. It Is cultivated with the same plow, which gives very [»nr results In destroying the weeds. The fodder Is gathered by pulling the leaves or blu<l«e from the stock, which ar« made Into bun dies and rarrlcil from the fields by pack mules. Rice Is planted, after the native plow has scratched over the land, by being thrown broadcast, and covered by hauling a bunch of brush over the^ land When the rice Is about one foot or IS Inches high It Is cut down I with grass hooks; not even a scythe| i Is used for this work This cutting back Is said to make the rice i grow more bunchy and • nablos th« rice plant to get the best of the weeds, whereas, If th« land had been proper ly plowed before planting, ■ there would he no weeds and this cutting back would not be necesaary. Home eight or ten days before cutting or harvesting tin;« the wui er Is shut off from tho rice fields to allow the rice to ripen, when It I h cut with the same grass hooks. It Is then piled up for three days, when It Is threshed by be- Ing hand beaten on a rock, by whlch process five to ten per cent, of the grain remains on the straw. Iturlna the eight or ten days the field Is dry ing out a loss of uhotit 40 per cent, of grain occurs from various causes. This stylo of farming, without farm Implements, could be continued through tho long list of crops that are raised In that country. SLIDING PARTITION IN STALL Care for Setting Hen. Retting hens sho'ild come off nest on«o a day, preferably at same time ea«h day. Feed them whole corn and supply dean fresh ter and grit. A good "dust bath” moist, fine, sandy loam will be appre ciated. It is a lot better than real dust that is "bone dry. Getting Best Stock. « RIGHT OF KINGS King Jamas* Complaoent Estimate of Kcyal Dinnlty as Expressed a In Speech. The state of monarchy Is the sn- preinrst thing ou earth, for kings ara not only God’s lieutenants upon nut th, and alt upon God's throne, but «vau try God himself they aro railed gods. There be three principal similitud's that llluetrat» th« stat« of monarchy. Dun taken out of the word of <lod ami the other two taken out of the grounds Of policy and philosophy In tho Scriptures kings are called gods and so their power la after a car tain relation compared to ibe divine power Kings nr<> also compared to ttiu fathers of famlllts. for a king Is truly parane patria«, th« politic fa ther of his people And lastly kings ar« compared to th« !.. ad "f Ibis tul- erocosm of th« body of man. Kings am justly railed gods. for that they eterei«» a tnauner of «•- »•tublanca of divina power upon earth, for If you will consider th« at tributes to God, you shall s«« h«w they agree In th« person of a king. God Lath power to crante or destroy, make or unmake al bla plvaauro. to give life or send death, to )udite all end to be judged nor accountabl« to none, to miss low tlilua* and to malia high things low at bis pl«aaure, and to God ar« both soul and body due And the Ilk« power bave kings, they make and unmake their ■ bjrct, they have power of raising and casting down, of Ilf« nnd death. Judges ovar all their subjects and In all cau«< a and yet accountable to non» but God only. They have power to exalt low things and abase high things, and make of their subjects Ilk« m«n at the chess «—■ a pawn to take a bishop or a knight and to cry up or down any of their subjects, as they do th* lr money i And to the king Is dun both the uffcctlon of the soul and the serv ice of the body of his subject* Frota a Speech of Janus I Before i’xrlia* ment In 16' ”> HOW TO DOCTOR THE TREES Sorna Simple Directions for Treating Are CavlUM Which Still Small. Many of the so called tree doctors, as well as th» people who employ them, have become so elated over ths Idea of tree surgery that they And soma cause for treating almost <-v«ry end any tree, regardless of Ils neces sities or til« results of such treatment or whether It Is worth while to spend •dther limo or money upon them. A word of caution Is therefore not out of place. If you feel that your trees need attention. hs>k Into the matter of tree doctoring, so that you may know something about It, and then call upon a responsible nan with u gcexl reputation to do jour work. •Shen th«> tree has been neglected and cavities have form« <1 In the trunk of the tree, something should be dons to stop the Increas«- of th« opening, for, after It has becomo so largo as to en circle the greater portion of the Iren, or where the entire «-i nter has been destroyed, It Is not worth tiie time and money It takes to properly treat thesn trees. In caa«-s where tho tr«-« enn still be treated tho cavity should be scraped and clean«-d of all dead wood, then give tho cavity a thorough wash Ing or spraying with a solution of cop- per sulphate. This solution, applied to all parts of tho cavity, will kill all the remaining rot spores. Now the cavity Is ready to be filled with a co- ment mixture, using one part of co- ment to three parts of clean, sharp sand, This Is packed Into the cavity, filling It to one Inch of the finished surface, and then apply a covering of one part cement to on» part sand. This Is put on ro as to bring tho filling to a smooth surface, making It conform to the contour of the tree trunk. A coat of coal tar may be ap plied to discolor the cement and aid In making the tilling water tlghL Question of Disposition. Rome breeders claim to get their best stock from April or May hatched pullets which have been kept back from egg production until nearly time for setting eggs for incubation. Lack of Exercise In Sows, When tows kill and eat their Pk" the common cause la pampering and especially the lack of exerc ise, The sows become fat, costive, nervous and cross DIVINE The sliding partition shown In the accompanying Illustration provides a safe way to approach tho head of a kicking horse to feed It or put on the harness. It docs away with the necessity of entering the stall from behind and the risk of being kicked. The partition reaches as far as the manger, and the entire t amework and boards are carried on two rollers attached to a joist above. Small meta) clips are fastened to the floor on each aide of the partition to keep the bottom In place and guide It In slldlnv back. Dlsaaititled Patron Danti« dfspowk tlonf Why, he wants to bite the head off «very dog ho inasta. I’ve been swindled I” Ixtg Merchant — "You didn't ought to keep dogs ut all, mister. The animals you ought to keep wtv your temperament Is silkworms."—* Punch. The Limit. ‘Tie absolutely lacks the business Instinct.” "Doea he?” “Why, he'd have no morn Idea of business than to open a garage In Venire.” -Chicago Record Herald. Force of Habit. “Do you know, Dr. Knlfem walked deliberately past me today and never spoke.” "Don’t mind that. Emmy. H«’a so need to cutting people tliat he did it Without thinking.”