ORCHARD
FARM
.\ofes and Instructions from Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations
of Oregon and 14 ashington. Specially Suitable to Pacific Coast Conditions
--------
'S SWINE PRODUCTS OF WORLD
Other
Countries
Besides
United
States Increasing Hog Produc
tion—Bacon
Neglected.
y
Using alfalfa as an illustration of
what is even more common in the
H V. Scudder. Agronomist. Omgan'Agrteulturwl
grasses and similar see«!, it appears
College, t'orvaills.
With such wonderful weather for perfectly evident, that both in purity
and viability, the bulk of the seed now
the earliest plowing and seeding as being sown by farmers in the North
only Oregon can offer-every sower west is decidedly inferior, ami with
of seeds is already looking forward absolute certainty this prophesies the
with the highest expectations to a harvest.
The grass seed samples tested show
most prosperous harvest.
even greater need of minute examina
But just a moment, friend !
You tion before purchase of seed. So far
remember well the scriptural warning this year only two samples of Red Top
•‘Whatsoever a man soweth, that have been received that were up to
shall he also reap. ” No prohecy ever standard in purity. Two-thirds of all
the Orchard Grass samples examined
uttered, perhaps, has received so uni were below the standard of purity that
versal acceptance from humanity in it is possible to obtain.
The best
all the ages as this, possibly ^because sample of Kentucky blue grass exam
it is founded upon a most primal lit ine«! contained 61 per cent of pure
seed, while the standard of purity for
eral truth.
this species is 80 per cent. The stand
From remote times man has been ard of germination for Red clover is
first of all a sower of seed and every 95 per cent, yet the average germina
recurring harvest in its dearth or in tion of the samples so far examined
its plenitude has driven home the un by the laboratory this year is 73 per
cent. To illustrate how dangerous it
alterable truth of this maxim. Yet may be to sow seed containing a small
the farmer of today, who of all men percentage of impurities, the exact
should give most heed to the literal analysis of a sample of what was sold
accuracy of this text and its direct ap for a mixture of timothy and alsike is
plication to his industry—seems often given as follows:
more heedless of this first step toward
Timothy, 66 per cent; alsike clover,
a bountiful harvest than were his fore 14 per cent, other cultivated grass
bears ages ago.
seeds, 5 per cent; trash. 9 per cent;
For failure because of carelessness foreign seeds, 6 per cent
in the quality of the seed used, there
Although the amount of foreign
seems little excuse nowadays.
If seeds is only 6 per cent, and may pos
“scientific agriculture” has done sibly be considered of no consequence,
aught it has first of all increased the yet a list of the weed seed contained
farmer’s opportunity to secure crops in this 6 per cent of foreign seeds fol
of the highest quality, and repeatedly lows:
it has emphasized the need of so doing.
Plantain. Cinquefoil. Black-seeded
Everywhere the state experiment plantain, mouse-ear chickweed, sorrel,
stations and the federal agricultural pepper grass, evening primrose, witch
authorities have eagerly extended the grass, shepherd’s purse, small crab
helping hand to aid the farmer in pro grass, night-flowering catchfly. sedge,
curing good seed, and year after year slender spike rush, lamb’s quarters,
has the wisdom of these efforts been amaranth, brown-eyed Susan, woolly
amply demonstrated.
panicum. crab grass. May weed, dod
The farmer of Oregon seems less der, syperus. small-seeded false flax,
progressive in this matter than those hedge mustard, nerved manna grass,
of any other section of the country. green foxtail, white vervain, curled
Out of all of the samples of seed re dock, sporobolus sp., three-seeded
ceived and tested at the cooperative mercury,
forked catchfly, sleepy
seed testing laboratory at Corvallis catchfly. yellow-wood sorrel, sinuate
last year only twenty per cent were leaved evening primrose, Canada this-
sent in by Oregon farmers.
Yet the tie, horsemint, lyespus sp.. rush.
need for most careful examination of Total weeds seeds per pound of sam
seeds before purchase or sowing is pie, 13,500.
constantly being demonstrated by the
Although the farmer received only
results of the work done in this seed eighty-five cents’ worth of good seed
testing laboratory. This need is evi fot every dollar he paid out, yet, when
dent especially in the grasses, clovers the weed seeds he has sown on his
For example, in the farm are considered, it is not hard to
and alfalfa.
tests of alfalfa seed alone since Jan- realize how enormously unprofitable
uary lst of this year forty-two per his seeding will prove at harvest time.
cent of all samples examined by the It is this seeding of the land to worth
seed experts’contained dodder, and in less plants and noxious weeds that is
sixty-one per cent of this infected causing the farmers of the Northwest
alfalfa, the dodder was the most dan the loss of thousands of dollars an
gerous species known to agriculture. nually from the inferior crop produced
One sample of alfalfa seed examined and the labor wasted.
Nor can the
and reported only last week contained dishonesty of the seedsmen in the
Yet 1 per cent Northwest be considered the cause of
15.1 per cent dodder.
of dodder is sufficient to destroy the this enormous annual waste.
The
alfalfa crop. Alfalfa seed having 1 seedsmen of this region are, for the
per cent of dodder would contain about most part, trying to do their best, but
4,000 dodder seeds in every pound of if the farmer accepts and pays for in
alfalfa and seeded at the rate of 16 ferior seed as readily as for the best,
pounds of alfalfa per acre 400 dodder little encouragement is given to the
seeds would be sown on every square honest seedsman to search out seed of
rod of the seed bed; enough under or high quality and refuse to sell any
dinary conditions to so thoroughly in thing else.
fest the crop with the parasite as to
Only by insisting upon pure, viable
destroy the alfalfa in a single season.
Alfalfa is one of the most important seed will the farmer secure, and final
crops in the state and in the North ly force the seedsman to carry nothing
Farmer and seedsman alike
west. Dodder is a parasitic weed, else.
the seed of which when sown with the have at their immediate service, free
alfalfa germinates in the ground. Af of all cost, the co-operative S' ed test
ter germination the slender tendrils of ing laboratory at Corvallis, which has
the dodder vine reaches out, fasten but the one purpose, that of aiding
upon and coil about the alfalfa stalk. both dealer and grower in securing and
The soil roots of the dodder then die sowing high-quality seed.
Hence, my friend, look well to your
and the pest thereafter obtains its
sustenance directly from the grownig seeding, so that in the golden harvest
tissues of the alfalfa plant, sapping it time your present expectations may
of life in a few weeks. Having des not be discounted. Begin at the be-
___ the
__ dodder
_____ ginning.
Use naught but seed of
troyed the ______
alfalfa plant
vine blossoms and seeds most prolifi-' quality, pure and of high vitality, and
cally, the seed scattering upon the as logically as effect follows cause, so
ground, quickly germinating and at certainly will come to you at harvest
tacking new alfalfa plants, thus rap the opportunity to reap in profit that
idly spreading and ultimately destroy which you have »own with precaution.
ing the crop, there being practically
Tale of a Bird.
no remedy where the dodder once gets
A little four-year-old boy living In a
started.
The only means of preventing in country town disturbed and took
fection from this dangerous pest, the some eggs from under a sitting hen
seed of which so closely resembles al belonging to a neighbor The neigh
falfa seed as not to be easily detected bor complained to the boy’s mother,
except by experts, and which cannot who later r-all«-d her boy to her and
be separated from the alfalfa seed by began to reprove him, when he broke
any cleaning device now known is by In with the question: "Who told you?"
the refusal of the buyer to purchase or
Th» mother said; "A little bird told
sow alfalfa seed containing even a me. Now, tell me, how many eggs did
minute precentage of dod«ler seed. you take?”
Free of charge, the seed expert at the
The little boy, stammering, said:
cooperative seed testing laboratory at "Well! W»ll! Why didn’t the bird
Corvallis will examine and immediate tell you the whole of It?”
ly report upon any sample of alfalfa
NOTES OF THE SHEEPFOLD.
or other seed sent in by any farmer or
seedman in Oregon or the Northwest.
The greatest profit Is realized by
If free use were made of this labora
tory there is little question that dod doing things rlght.
der in the alfalfa fields of the north
Sheep are nature’s dependable aide
west, and in the seed harvested there- ' In restoring and Increasing soil ter-
from, would be on the decrease in tlllty.
stead of increase as it is now.
Sheep will thrive neither with wet
Nor is it in dangerous impurities feet or with damp, soggy fleeces,
that inferior seed is constantly being ! The lamb that cashes in the most
discovered. Using alfalfa as a fur money for its owner Is not a product
ther illustration, germination tests of! of poverty.
all the samples received at the labora-¡
Circumvent the large feed bills by
tory since January 1st of this year producing better roughage and grain
showed the following:
on your own farms.
20 per cent of samples germinated 90-100 per cent ¡ To allow feeders to eat all the com
29 “
“
“
wn_on
'*
I
SO-SO
they can stow away after reaching
25
70-00
•'
60-70
14
the farm Is disastrous.
”
r/i-oo
10
A little flock well tended on the
Yet good alfalfa seed should ger- small farm well tilled will rarely
dis-
minate ninety-five per cent or over, appoint the good phonberd
That good seed can be secu red. how-
ever, is Rhown by the fact that 20 per
Throwing a Fit.
cent of the samples teste«! had a satis
"What Is the athlete In that piece <n
factory germinating power — were statuary doing?”
good, live seed.
The farmer must
“Throwing the discus.”
search for such, however.
"What sort of a fit was that?"
SEEDTIME AND HARVEST.
Fred Sawyer, of Swift & Co., re-
.-eutly returned from an extended
European trip, says the Live Stock
World Mr Sawyer was surprised at
the extent to which countries abroad
are Increasing the production of hogs
since prices in Amerlcn have been too
high to admit of exportation on any
considerable scale
Countries that
have always been dependent ti|>on
others for hog meat are finding out
how easy It is for them to produce
pork The biggest hogs he saw were
In Hungary. They are sold there In
pairs and a very common weight for
a pair Is 1.100 pounds. These hogs
are skinned and frequently produce
150 pounds of lard apiece Bacon cuts
almost no figure with many conti
netital European countries and the
production of fat seems to be the
prime object. He had often wondered
why there Is no sale In France for
breakfast bacon. He found the rea
son to be that they do not bother
about breakfast, a cup of coffee and
a roll being all they ex|>ect to have
before noon. However, the best ho
tels In Barfs, of course, are catering
In this as In other respects to the
American custom England, however
Is using heavier cuts of hog meat and
even the people of Penmark, long fa
mou* for bacon production, are grow
ing heavier hogs to meet the general
continental demand England Is get
ting large quantities of hog products
from Australia and New Zealand and
Mr. Sawyer thinks that unless Amer
ica gets so she can produce more
hogs at less cost she will soon be
shut entirely out of the markets of
tho world America has started them
all to raising hogs.
IMPORTANCE OF ERADICATING
INJURIOUS CATTLE TICK
Southern Sintra Need More nnd Better I.lve Stock uttej
Luiger ltotry Industry Objects be Promoted
by Destroying Pest.
The eradication of the cattle tick
from the southern alate« la a problem
of prime Importance to th« agricul
tural interests of that section. More
over, the good that would result from
the elimination of th« tick would not
l>e entirely confined to th« region di
rectly concerned, and thus the matter
assume« to a certain degree a national
Importance.
The south needs more and better
live stock and a larger dairy Industry,
and these objects would be greatly
promoted by the destruction of the
tick The Increased production of live
stock by reason of Its Important bear
Ing In maintaining ami Improving the
fertility of the soil, would be of dis
tlnct benefit In increasing th« yield of
field crops. An incidental though Im
portant advantage of stock raising and
dairying would be found In the dlstrl
button of the farmer's Incom« through
out the year, enabling him to live on
a cash basis. It can thus be seen that
the benefits which would accrue to
southern agriculture from the exterm
Inatlon of the cattle tick would be
very great and far reaching
There ar« several species of cattle
ticks, but the chief one is commonly
called the "cattle" or "Texr.s fever"
It Is th« on« most frequently
tick
found on cattle and Is much more
abundant than the other *|>ecl«a
When the losses occasioned by this
parasite ar« once thoroughly under
stood by farmers and stockmen there
will be little need for arguments tn
favor of tick eradication Some of the
TAKING CARE OF ROADSIDES losses are not directly noticeable and
consequently make little Impression,
Unsightly Brush Should Be Removed while other losses properly charge-
able to the tick are frequently attrib-
and All Ornamental and Shade
uted to other causes
Trees Protected.
Various writers h’ive estimated the
No matter how smooth anti well annual loss due to the tick nt from
const ruct«’d the traveled road may be 140,000.00 to J 100,000.000 These tig
If the roadsides are not cared for. the ur>s should be umple argument, even
highway as a whole will not give a to the most comprehensive, for th«
good Impression. All rubbish should eradication of the pest.
In getting rid of the tick. It may I*-
be removed; the excavations should
be filled and embankments smoothed attacked ou the pasture and on the
and planted with grass wherever It cattle.
the method fol
In freeing
will grow. I’nslghtly brush should
be cut and gnibbeil out. Sometimes lowed may be either a direct or an
however, the brush and small trees indirect one.
If suitably trimmed, add to the at-i The former consists In excluding all
cattle, horses and mules from pas
tractiveness of the roadside.
All trees that are ornamental or tures until all the ticks have dl< d from
which have value as shade tree»
should be preserved and protf-ctcd,
unless they grow« so close together
as to make a dense shade. In hot. dry
climates particularly, and. Indeed. Irt
most places, trees are a conslderablt
factor In reducing the cost of main
tenance, since they lessen the evapo
ration of the moisture from the mac
adam. In exposed places where ths
sweep of the wind would be otherwise
unbroken they serve to prevent In a
measure the blowing away of ths
binder from the road surface. I'nfor
tunately In such places It Is offer,
difficult to make tr«'es grow, Care In
rhe selection of the kinds of tree»
best suited to the locality is lmpor
tant.
Market for Farmere.
Pall Spraying Pump.
City people would rather deal direct
with the farmers when they are sure
they will g«-t pure, fresh and whole starvation. The latter connl"ts In per
some stuff, says a writer In an es milting the cattle and other animals
change. One of my neighbors has to continue on the Infested pnsture
for the past four years sold all the and treating th<m nt regular Inter
oil* or other agi ntR des true-
'
eggs off her farm to city people, She va!s with
I ticks and thus preventing eti
is sending about 50 dozen a week to live to
Chicago this winter and gets five gorge t-d female« from dropping and re
The larvae on
cents above the retail cost. She has Inferring the pasture.
: tho pasture, or those which hatch
averag«-d 38 cents per dozen for her
from eggs Inld by females already
eggs, tho consumer paying express
there, will all eventually meet death
«.barges, while the average price at Such of these as g'-t upon the cattle
our home town has been ubout 23 from time to time will be destroyed by
cents. Pays, doesn’t it?
the treatment, while those which fall
This woman never buys eggs except to find a host will die In the pasture
from two neighbors whose reliability from starvation.
she knows, but she takes all they sei!
Animals may be freed of ticks In
and makes a profit of about 15 cents two ways. They may be treated with
a dozen on them. Of course, she does an agent that will destroy all tho ticks
not tell anybody what she gets from present, or they may bo rotated at
the city consumers. She packs the! proper Intervals on tick free fields un
eggs In paper boxes with partitions J til all the ticks have dropped.
forming a little compartment for each, Spraying Is probably the most con-
egg. She usually ships from four to '
six dozen In a box.
Green Feed for Chicks.
Have tender green feed for the
early chicks. Young collards and ten-
der lettuce will be eaten readily by
them, The chicks may help them-
selves from the growing plants or the
latter may be cut up with a sharp
knife, Both these plants stand low
temperatures, and will give green
feed early if planted soon enough.
vcnlent and practical way of treating
cattle on the majority of farms
A
good style of pail spray pump will be
sufficient for treating small herds.
\bout 15 feet of 3-3 inch high pressure
hose Is required anil ■ type of noxzl«
furnishing a cone shaped spray will
In found satisfactory A noxilu with
two small mi aperture should not b«
used.
Every portion of th« body should 1«
thoroughly trialed, special attention
being given to th«1 head, dewlap,
brisket. Inside of elbows, thighs and
Hanks, the tall and the depressions at
the baa« of tho tall Crude oil alone
may be used, but In general a !0 to J.’>
p«r cent, emulsion will be better.
All the cattle should be sprayed
every two weeks and the treatment
should not be discontinued simply b«
cause the ticks have become scarce or
seetn to have disappeared
In localities where ticks commonly
occur on cattle In considerable num
hers during the winter tilin' It will be
advisable to continue spraying In lo
cnlltlei where ticks disappear or arc
present in very small numbers durian
the winter, the cattle should by In
spected carefully each week to remove
and destroy any ticks that may be
present When warm weather comes.
It will be well In all ckaes In which
spraying has been discontinued dur
ing the winter to begin spraying nnd
continue until It can be determined
with certainty that eradication has
been accomplished
Th«’ spraying
should not be delayed until ticks show
again In considerable numbers One
tick destroyed In the early spring will
save th«* trouble of destroying thou-
sands a few months later.
MEXICAN STYLE
OF FARMING
Mont Primitiv« M«th«»«l» of Agri
culture Ar« Still Carrl««l <>a
lu Many l'arte of ill«
Old UvpublU.
(Ry VK’K-«’( 'NSC!. Il M RTKt’t’KN)
The most primitive method ol I
farming Is still carried on In many |
parts of Mexico, The plowing la done
by tho old time bull tongue, which !
Is a crooked stick with the ¡xilnt cov
i red with an Iron shoe, which only
scratches the soil
Corn is planted by hnnd. n man fol
lowing the plow, dropping the seed
and covering It with his foot. It Is
cultivated with the same plow, which
gives very [»nr results In destroying
the weeds. The fodder Is gathered
by pulling the leaves or blu<l«e from
the stock, which ar« made Into bun
dies and rarrlcil from the fields by
pack mules.
Rice Is planted, after the native
plow has scratched over the land, by
being thrown broadcast, and covered
by hauling a bunch of brush over the^
land When the rice Is about one
foot or IS Inches high It Is cut down I
with grass hooks; not even a scythe|
i
Is used for this work This cutting
back Is said to make the rice i grow
more bunchy and • nablos th« rice
plant to get the best of the weeds,
whereas, If th« land had been proper
ly plowed before planting, ■ there
would he no weeds and this cutting
back would not be necesaary. Home
eight or ten days before cutting or
harvesting tin;« the wui er Is shut off
from tho rice fields to allow the rice
to ripen, when It I h cut with the same
grass hooks. It Is then piled up for
three days, when It Is threshed by be-
Ing hand beaten on a rock, by whlch
process five to ten per cent, of the
grain remains on the straw. Iturlna
the eight or ten days the field Is dry
ing out a loss of uhotit 40 per cent, of
grain occurs from various causes.
This stylo of farming, without
farm Implements, could be continued
through tho long list of crops that are
raised In that country.
SLIDING PARTITION IN STALL
Care for Setting Hen.
Retting hens sho'ild come off
nest on«o a day, preferably at
same time ea«h day. Feed them
whole corn and supply dean fresh
ter and grit. A good "dust bath”
moist, fine, sandy loam will be appre
ciated. It is a lot better than real
dust that is "bone dry.
Getting Best Stock.
«
RIGHT
OF
KINGS
King Jamas* Complaoent Estimate of
Kcyal Dinnlty as Expressed
a
In Speech.
The state of monarchy Is the sn-
preinrst thing ou earth, for kings ara
not only God’s lieutenants upon nut th,
and alt upon God's throne, but «vau try
God himself they aro railed gods.
There be three principal similitud's
that llluetrat» th« stat« of monarchy.
Dun taken out of the word of <lod ami
the other two taken out of the grounds
Of policy and philosophy
In tho Scriptures kings are called
gods and so their power la after a car
tain relation compared to ibe divine
power
Kings nr<> also compared to
ttiu fathers of famlllts. for a king Is
truly parane patria«, th« politic fa
ther of his people And lastly kings
ar« compared to th« !.. ad "f Ibis tul-
erocosm of th« body of man.
Kings am justly railed gods. for
that they eterei«» a tnauner of «•-
»•tublanca of divina power upon
earth, for If you will consider th« at
tributes to God, you shall s«« h«w
they agree In th« person of a king.
God Lath power to crante or destroy,
make or unmake al bla plvaauro. to
give life or send death, to )udite all
end to be judged nor accountabl« to
none, to miss low tlilua* and to malia
high things low at bis pl«aaure, and to
God ar« both soul and body due
And the Ilk« power bave kings, they
make and unmake their ■ bjrct, they
have power of raising and casting
down, of Ilf« nnd death. Judges ovar
all their subjects and In all cau«< a
and yet accountable to non» but God
only. They have power to exalt low
things and abase high things, and
make of their subjects Ilk« m«n at
the chess «—■ a pawn to take a bishop or
a knight and to cry up or down any
of their subjects, as they do th* lr
money i And to the king Is dun both
the uffcctlon of the soul and the serv
ice of the body of his subject* Frota
a Speech of Janus I Before i’xrlia*
ment In 16' ”>
HOW TO DOCTOR THE TREES
Sorna Simple Directions for Treating
Are
CavlUM Which
Still Small.
Many of the so called tree doctors,
as well as th» people who employ
them, have become so elated over ths
Idea of tree surgery that they And
soma cause for treating almost <-v«ry
end any tree, regardless of Ils neces
sities or til« results of such treatment
or whether It Is worth while to spend
•dther limo or money upon them.
A word of caution Is therefore not
out of place. If you feel that your
trees need attention. hs>k Into the
matter of tree doctoring, so that you
may know something about It, and then
call upon a responsible nan with u
gcexl reputation to do jour work.
•Shen th«> tree has been neglected
and cavities have form« <1 In the trunk
of the tree, something should be dons
to stop the Increas«- of th« opening, for,
after It has becomo so largo as to en
circle the greater portion of the Iren,
or where the entire «-i nter has been
destroyed, It Is not worth tiie time and
money It takes to properly treat thesn
trees.
In caa«-s where tho tr«-« enn
still be treated tho cavity should be
scraped and clean«-d of all dead wood,
then give tho cavity a thorough wash
Ing or spraying with a solution of cop-
per sulphate. This solution, applied
to all parts of tho cavity, will kill all
the remaining rot spores.
Now the
cavity Is ready to be filled with a co-
ment mixture, using one part of co-
ment to three parts of clean, sharp
sand, This Is packed Into the cavity,
filling It to one Inch of the finished
surface, and then apply a covering of
one part cement to on» part sand.
This Is put on ro as to bring tho
filling to a smooth surface, making It
conform to the contour of the tree
trunk. A coat of coal tar may be ap
plied to discolor the cement and aid
In making the tilling water tlghL
Question of Disposition.
Rome breeders claim to get their
best stock from April or May hatched
pullets which have been kept back
from egg production until nearly time
for setting eggs for incubation.
Lack of Exercise In Sows,
When tows kill and eat their Pk"
the common cause la pampering and
especially the lack of exerc ise, The
sows become fat, costive, nervous and
cross
DIVINE
The sliding partition shown In the accompanying Illustration provides
a safe way to approach tho head of a kicking horse to feed It or put on the
harness. It docs away with the necessity of entering the stall from behind
and the risk of being kicked. The partition reaches as far as the manger,
and the entire t amework and boards are carried on two rollers attached
to a joist above. Small meta) clips are fastened to the floor on each aide of
the partition to keep the bottom In place and guide It In slldlnv back.
Dlsaaititled Patron Danti« dfspowk
tlonf Why, he wants to bite the head
off «very dog ho inasta.
I’ve been
swindled I”
Ixtg Merchant — "You
didn't ought to keep dogs ut all, mister.
The animals you ought to keep wtv
your temperament Is silkworms."—*
Punch.
The Limit.
‘Tie absolutely lacks the business
Instinct.” "Doea he?”
“Why, he'd
have no morn Idea of business than
to open a garage In Venire.” -Chicago
Record Herald.
Force of Habit.
“Do you know, Dr. Knlfem walked
deliberately past me today and never
spoke.”
"Don’t mind that. Emmy. H«’a so
need to cutting people tliat he did it
Without thinking.”