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About Polk County itemizer. (Dallas, Or.) 1879-1927 | View Entire Issue (May 21, 1914)
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION 8 Automobiles and Good Roads A Department Designed to Help Fanners With Progressive Road Ideas. N AN effort to prevent waste of mil lions o f dollars annually in the dis tribution of funds for construction of psiblic roads Logan Waller Page, di- pector of the office of public roads of the department of agriculture, has been leaking scientific tests to determine irhat materials should bo put into the wads designed to meet different kinds t f traffic. It has been found that more than $1,000,000 a day is spent on con struction o f roads. No estimate is made •f the portion of these funds that is wasted, but it is believed to mount into the millions. Efforts are being made to teach the eountry that the expenditure of large •urns of money on certain types of roads may result almost in a total waste. A road built of materials which would be ideal in ono locality may not serve the purpose elsewhere, and the money expended may bring scarcely any re sult in reducing the cost of hauling or making it easier for the farmer to get to the shipping point with his crops. To aid the farmers who want to build their own roads and assist communities that deeiro to improve roads near by, the office o f public roads of the depart ment o f agriculture has employed ex ports to test all materials and study their usefulness on roads subjected to certain traffic conditions. The office of publie roads is acting in an advisory capacity to many states and counties, giving a practical form o f national aid. On roads where thero is heavy traffic it has been found that certain kinds of materials are better than others and that while one kind of binder may not serve the purpose, another kind pre serves the road indefinitely. Millions o f dollars doubtless have been wasted because of the absence of the scientific knowledge. ‘ ‘ There are two ways in which the engineer may avail himself of the in formation necessary to a proper selec tion of road material, “ says Director Page. “ The only certain one is to make an actual service test on the ma terial under observation and under the same conditions of traffic and elimate to which the proposed road will be sub jected. This method is impractical ex eept in rare instances, due to the lapse of time before definite results can be obtained. The second method is, by means of short time laboratory tests, to approximate the destructive agencies to which the material will be subjected •n the road, supplementing this knowl edge by a study of the resalts obtained in practice on material o f a similar na turc." I Value of Machinery on The Farm Writer Explains How Power Will Help With Chores and Routine Duties of Work. nitely if left by itself with plenty of 4 fuel. A steam engino must have an attendant to keep the water at the pro 4- per level, lest the crown sheet be ex 4> posed and burned. <£ The steam engine has the advantage <& o f being able to furnish for short times 4> as much as two and one half times its 4» “ rated horsepower,“ though at the ex 4> pense of economy. The gasoline engine 4>4 4 >^ 4 >4, '^ 4 , 4>4><^ 4 >'£ 4 >4>4, 4>4> cannot carry an over load, for it is rated at nearly its maximum horse BY L J. CHARLTON, Instructor In Farm Mechanics, Wash power, and it is most economical at near it« maximum horsepower. If anything ington State College. goes wrong with an oil engine, it stops NE of the big steps toward making at once; but with a steam engine, trou life worth living on the farm is bles generally come on gradually and the introduction of machinery to can be remedied. The average consump help with the chores. A few of the tion of &n oil engine is one-fifth to one- chores that are now performed by ma tenth gallons o f oil per horse power per chinery are pumping water, sawing hour. Tho coal burned under a steam wood, chopping feed, milking, separat engine is from four pounds to ten pounds ing, churning, washing, ironing, sweep per herac power per hour, go, if the ing, cooking, lighting, sewing, mixing cost of these fuels are known for any bread, making ice cream, grinding tools, locality, the fuel expense can be de cleaning grain, grinding grain, clipping, termined. If we take into considera shearing sheep, currying horses; spray- tion the convenience of handling and ing, painting and making cider; in fact, the small danger, undoubtedly tho oil almost every irksome job on the farm engine is tho best for small power on the can be handled with some sort of me farm. chanical power. n iats on Buying. I know o f one family that carries In purchasing an oil engine, it is very water a little over 16 rods from a spring to their house. They generally make important to know how much power is three trips to the spring for every meal required. Usually, it is well to pur chase an engine a little more than large cooked, that is, nine trips each day, enough to carry the maximum load, for covering more than 288 rods. The fam ily has used the spring since 1856, and thero is always sure to be something ex during that time has traveled 18,396 tra for the engine to do. An engino on miles, or three fourths of the way the farm is just like the hired man. If around the globe, for water. I f the he is willing there is always something carrier traveled oue mile every twenty extra for him to do. There arc so many types o f engines inutes, at fifteen cents per hour, this would mean $900 worth of time. It is that it is hard for ono to make a se about time that this family should use lection. For instance, there is the two some power other than man power for and four cycle. The latter is the most carrying water. There is probably not economical, but there are places where a farm in Washington that does not the two-cycle is quite satisfactory. Then have an equally undesirable chore that there are the air, water, and oil-cooled could be performed by mechanical engines. All engines must have somo means of keeping the cylinder tempera power. ture low, or the lubricating oil will Six Forms of Motors. burn o ff of the piston and cylinder and There are six forms of motors in they will be cut and ruined. There are general use for furnishing power— the the high speed and low speed engines, animal body, heat engines, water wheels, each adapted to a certain class of work tidal machines, windmills and electrical —the jump-spark, make and-break, and motors. All o f them can be used on at hot-tube ignition; the vertical and hori least some of the farms of Washington, zontal engines; the single and multiple and every farm has the animal as a cylinder; in fact, there are innumerable motor. types and oach type has its particular This article is to deal with the motor field. best adapted to most farms for the per In order for the farmer to determine ♦ « forming of chores. Undoubtedly the which engine to buy, he should inform ♦ QUESTION OF BETTER ROADS. ♦ electric motor is the best suited to this himself so that he understands the ♦ «> class of work, but nnfortunately the adaptibility o f the several types o f en ♦ As far back as 1776 Adam <& electrical current would be so expensive gines and appliances. I f he makes a ♦ Smith, in his “ Wealth of Na- 4* in most localities that it is prohibitive. success of handling a gasoline engine, he ♦ Lions.'* wrote as follows: “ Good Wind power is rather uncertain, and is must understand the principles and 4* roads, canals and navigable rivers <$> never steady, so it adepts itself to only theory o f the machine and its parts. 4* by diminishing the expense of car 4* a few o f the tasks mentioned, but when Turning a machine over to see if it will 4> nage. put the remote parts o f the <§> it can be used, it is exceedingly cheap. 4* country more nearly upon a level 4* Water wheels are, of course, convenient 4* with those in the neighborhood of to but few farms. But the heat engino 4» the town. They are upon that ac- 4> is one source o f power that, like the ani 4* count the greatest o f all improve- <$> mal, can be bad on every farm, and it is 4* meets. They encourage the culti- <$ the most uniformly ndaptibl© to the kind 4* vation of the remote, which must 4- o f work under discussion. ♦ always be the most expensive cir- 4* There are two kinds of heat motors in ♦ ele of the country. They are ad- 4 use on the farm—the steam engine, and ♦ vantageous to the town by break- 4* the oil or gas engine. Each one has its 4> ing dowu the monopoly of the 4 own particular field. In most localities 4 country in its neighborhood. 4 in Washington, steam is well auited for 4* Though they introduce some rival 4* the work that requires power for long ♦ commodities into the old market, 4> intervals o f time, and where consider 4* they open many new markets, to 4> able power is used. The oil engine would ♦ its produce.“ 4* find its field in handling iatenxiittent $ • and small power jobs. It is the ideal engine for the farm chorea, and is, of course, a close competitor of the steam Brings More Fine Stock Into State. engine in its field. E. B. Marks, who already has a large Reasons for Preference. herd of registered and grade llolsteins There are several reasons why the oil at his farm in the Ahtanum, has re turned fro mtke East with a car load engine is more preferable for chores of new stock, 44 head o f heifers, year than the steam engine. One is that it liags and calves, which he purchased can be started more quickly. You do for $#,000 at the dispersal sale at La act have to heat up the water. No «ora. N Y. This is the fourth ship power is lost after it is stopped. Stored meat o f registered llolsteins brought heat is lost from the water in the boiler o f a steam engine, and from the fuel into the Yakima Valley this spring. in the grate. Also, there in little dan To man y parta «f tbe « fit u av is !«*▼- ger of fire, if the oil eogiae in properly XT LOOKS UK£ A HOTEL“ Inf the mvmUins rarlior thar naaal Ft r bandied: and less danger from an ex- oat<r» say that Una maj m«-sn a b»«l fire That ' . What They All Say. •eaeun. and they ara makiu« pLft&v fur a ploeion, if handled by a careless work- Ufa. The wii eegiao will run ladcil* Machinery of the right sort on tho farm is perhaps even more important than the commercial or pleasure use of the automobile to the farmer. That is why we think the article herewith will be found more than well worth perusal. - O start, is not running a gasoline engine, lie must know what is liable to get wrong with the machine, and how to find the trouble. Generally it is a waBte of time to take an engine apart because it doesn’t run, and this is likely to cause more damage tharf good. Good Ccost is Given For Dairy Cow T HE milk produced by the average cow in a year, according to Erof. C. II. Ecklee of the Missouri Agri cultural College, will sell for about *50 at a creamery, or wbeu made into first class butter. A good cow o f the d::iry breed will make at least $50 cash income each year. Many farmers report a cash in come of (50 to *100 n cow overy year, and these figures do not include thu income from the rale of calves and pigs fed on the skiin milk. “ But,” says one, “ milking is a Ire mendous tun . As a matter of fact it only takes sixty hours, worth 15 eon s an hour, to nwlk n now twice a day fur ten months. In a recent year the caili incomo from a herd of Jersey cattle on the Miss mri college form was $bli.50 a cow for but ter Bold and $1:1.50 a cow for milk. Bkimmed milk and calves, making a total income from each cow o f $05. The following year the average income per cow from the saint* source was in ore than $100 l'or the entire herd of twenty- eight. f “A Want A Position Being ready when tho oppor tunity comes is wh;*.t. counts for success. There is a big demand for BEHNXE-W ALKER trained bookkeepers, stenographers and telegraphers. Eight hundred mid forty ono different firms called on us for help since August 1ft. There is no quicker, surer way to secure remunerative employment and future success than to secure our diploma. utunsiT BUSINESS COLHEGE L M. Walker. Pro*. Portland, Ore. U. S. and Foreign Patents Obtained. Send Sketch and Description for Opinion ns to Patentability. PETER HAEERLIN, 200 Victor Bldg., Washington, D. C. W hen In Seattle TRY THE FRYE . mm ■MMR RE fa ha a pair insouc wings Besidi the w We close refuse makes ing. third gardei and c nity t Irei chair discou o f he shoe ii stocki pickin gethei and b I IT’S NOW IT’S CLEAN IT CAN’T BURN LOCATION IS RIGHT Only 3 Blocks From Depots T ■ «nd Docks. 1 THE RATES ARE RIGHT $1,00 Per Day and Up, ™ FRYE IS THE RIGHT HOTEL FOR YOU. • the K said. 1 n tho pi parox; “ \\ Irene “ I “ M “ You Think “ T for, ’ * Irei ing* “ I posing “ D A nd you— £500 i “ S. ings i tune. Irei It wa Ilal my le you i come well. “ Y 4 4 C fully are?*1 “ I to thi ute. ’ ’ “ A I 1 wheth survey a m< cornel “ T “ N going little tired “ G The I wal The tcred the b it waf o f tl would At an Irene •* Amj ding. ’ I thoi morn; At letter! bad g and A "D like t I t ralop< Irene fa * It i fa re m ji e-ee faQ 1 £ 2 ;
