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About The Oregon scout. (Union, Union County, Or.) 188?-1918 | View Entire Issue (May 29, 1886)
THE HOUKS OF LAUOIi A Practical Review ol the Great Question of Shortening the Time of Toil of "Wage Workers. ITeoessary Inequalities and Points Which Legislation Will Provo To Be Powerless. in What tho Eesnlt Will Bo of Adopting the Eight-Hour Plan-Ita Effect on Taxation. A Notion's Progress. The following article upon the eight-hour question from the pen ot Edward Atkinson, tho great economist, appeared In BradtlrtctU April 24: The late President Garfield once told me that ho dated his Intellectual life from the day on which he listened to a lecture by Ralph Waldo Emmerson, which ncemcd to him to have tct his brain on fire; yet, n ken ho tried to recall what had been nald ho could only remember one (.cntence, "Mankind Is as lazy as It dares to be." It was a very true saying, and ono which nil persons who attempt to nhortcn the hours of labor by statute may well consider. Tho h.rtirs of labor during which men nnd women must work In order to obtain subsist ence arc controlled by conditions which arc wholly beyond the roach or statutes. Tlilr will become nppnrcnt If the occujmtlons of all who work for gain, or for a payment In money, aru sorted and considered, each class by Itself. Given land, labor, mental, mechanical, and manual, and capital, applied to tho produc tion and distribution of food, fuel, shelter, and clothing, mid we attain at a given time, or In a certain nveracc number of hours a dny, u certain product, In each series of four seasons constituting ono joar. This product Is ex changed by the measure of money among the wholo population, each pcrfoti obtaining a Miare, mainly by exchange. Very few persons, except farmers and farm laborers, consume any part of their own product. WB AllB A IX INTEltniirnNDUMT. Now, If wo consider Uncle Sam as a con crete Individual, or as a person who Is work ing his own farm nnd his own factory, we may readily conceive certain propositions, nnd wo mav reason iion them. Ills laud Is of unbounded capacity with re spect to his present wants. It Is his knowl edge how to work It which Is limited. His number of hours a day Is just twenty-four. His necessity Is to produco a certain number of pounds of food a day, a certain number of rnrds of cloth a year, a certain number of tons Df fuel, and n certain nmouut of shelter. Ho ki as lazy as ho dares to be. Tho question Is, What proportion of his tlmo must he Given to workl how much may be plven to rest? In reply to tho question It docs not suirico to measure the time of those only ho are engaged In gainful occupations or In talcd work In n factory, upon n farm, or In n workshop. Such work Uncle Sam docs mainly tor himself, but little assisted by his wife and daughters. According to tho census of 1SS0 one jterson In each 2.03, or for convenience wo muy say that one person In three, of the whole population was engaged In gainful work for tho purposo of earning moncj-, but only a very mall proportion of tho force working for money consisted of women. Does It follow that other women were not engaged In most arduous household workl Aru not many eight and ten hour husbands sustained by fourtoen-hour wives, who toll nlmoit night and day In the work of the household I "Where is Tim r.raiiT-iioim iaw for them! Who represents them In tho legis lature! So far as tho hours of labor of thoso who work for money can bu measured, tho average hours seem to bo between ten nnd eleven hours per day. Tho statistics upon the ubject are not very complete, and tho hours of labor vary greatly In different sections of tho country at the present tlmo and In tho nine placo at different periods within tho last forty years. Sulllco It that at tho present moment the present product of labor and capital working together between ten nnd eleven hours of each working day yields more food, mora fuel, more material for clothing, more material for shelter, and more of all tho necessities of life than the present opulnt!on would consnmo at the present average stand ard of consumption, If It wero evenly divided. Why not then shorten tho hours of labor someone asks. Tho reply Is, They are short ening by consent rather than by statute. Tho general work of life Is easier and tho hours are shorter than they ever hnvo been In any previous generation, for nil persons who pos ter such n measure of personal Intelligence as may enable them to grasp tho opxrtttnlty offered them. In the ahtenco of slavery or of tatuto compulsion each man makes his own hours of labor. tub nirrKiiKsci: in tiik consumption of one mon compared to another, bo ho rich or poor, Is much more In quality than In quanti ty with respect to food measured by weight, to textile fabrics measured by yards, or to fuel for heating nnd rooking measured by tons. In respect to the uso of the materials which are converted Into shelter, the present distri bution Is very uneven, m well as In respect to tho distribution of small comforts and of luxu ries. There Is moie Itieuuallty In dwelling place than In food and raiment. Tho dispar ity In the duelling places Is almost as great between different c'asses nnd conditions of working jHfople ns It Is between tho average of all tho so-called working clases and of nil tho well to-do of employing classes. Tho problem of clothing Is almost soho.l. The food prol lein Is In a fair way of solution. Tho problem of housing worklhg people In comfoit Is still j unsolved. Steam nnd water power havotendod to great and unwholesome concentration. If light, beat, and power can hereafter bo widely dif fused through pipe or over wires tho area of cities may bo greatly widened, while an Inten sive svstem of agriculture may at tho samo Umo overcome TUB PIIE8KNT ISOLATION Or TIIK FAIIMKIIS. On tho other hand, tho proportion which strictly luxurious consumption bears to the total consumption, either In dwellings or In food and raiment. Is very small. There are no data by which what may bo called luxurious consumption can bo accurately measured, but an approximate Idea can bo attained by an analysis of foreign Imports. Tho year I860 was a very prosperous year. There was nocompuisory idleness no iock or employment tor all who were willing to work. There was n quick foreign demand for the ex cess of our agricultural product, which would have rotted on tho Held except It had been exported, btcauie nil who were willing to work were well iimirUhod with what wss left. This ekcens of product which wc could not mown valued at the norUot upon ut over $703,000,000. It represented the year's labor of 1,300,000 to 1,330,000 pet sons who were engaged In agriculture and of 150,000 to 200,000 who were engaged In the mechanical arts or In manufactures. On the whole, It may be computed that between 9 nnd 10 per cent, of all those who were engaged In gainful occupation In this prosperous year found their market In n foreign country, with out drawing from home consumption a single bushel of grain, pound of cotton, gallon of oil, or anything clso that was NEEDED roil HOME CONSUMPTION. It Is often assumed that the returns received In exchange for this cxjwrt of our excess con sist of foreign luxuries, and If luxurious con sumption may be approximately measured any where It would bo In the proportion of luxuries in our foreign Imports. I3ut what are the facts! In the classification of Imports lately made In the bureau of statistics of the treasury de partment we find that the Inqwls of 1850 con sisted of: Articles of food and live animals.. $100,103,00.1 Articles In a crude condition neces sary to domestic Industry 100,053,870 Articles partly or wholly manufac tured, also made uo of In tho processes of domestic Industry.. 73,1S0,003 Total $432,403,802 Manufactured articles ready for consumption ?130,001,013 Articles of voluntary use, or lux uries C3,Ml,82d Total $103,117,109 Total of all Imports $027,533,271 Even If the wholo sum of the last two classes bo charged to luxurious consumption, which would ba very much beyond a truo esti mate, the wholo expenditure for foreign lux uries did not exceed $2 In each $100 of the whole consumption of tho United States. By far tho larger portion of tho manufactured articles ready for consumption consisted of machinery, ehcmleals.chlniiw.irc, railway bars, and other articles of common and not of lux urious consumption. The actual foreign lux uries imported did NOT KXCUEl) $103,000,000 in valuc. If we add to this sum nn equal sum for the expenditure of domestic products upon pala tial residences and other strictly luxurious purjioscs, other than the common waste upon liquor, which Is shared by rich and poor alike, we have not over 2 percent, of the national consumption which can In any sense be called luxuilous. Hum costs the people of this coun try three or four times as much ns all other luxuries. Now, assuming that Uncle Sam works for gain at this time, aside from household work, an average of ten hours nnd a half n day, which Is not far from the fact, then It follows that If nil luxurious consumption were stop ped, except tho use of liquor, the saving of time would bo less than tho odd half hour. Moro than !'5 per cent, of nil our present work is necessary to meet our present standard of common welfare. It therefore follows that with our ptcsont capital, skill, and Intelligence ten hours or moro of gainful work are absolutely required In each working day in order to meet tho pres ent standard of necessity or of common com fort. But It will not remain so. Measuring time by generations of thirty-live years, wo may ba assured that In 1020 Uncle Sam will be iiblc to save as much time and ef fort In the work of gaining a subslstaucu ns he has saved since 1S50, 1800, or 1SU5. It must be remembered that Undo Sam has been subject ed to tho destructive Influences of civil war during the generation ending In 1SS3. Tho lust twenty years will serve better to MKASL'ltK HIS PKOmtllSH than the whole period. For this purpose a few comparisons may be made, a part of them be tween ISffi and 1SS3, and apart between earlier dates and 18S3: Per cent. Estimated gain In tho population of tho States, 1803 to 18S3 03 Actual Increase in the railway mileage, 1805 to 1SS5 270 Actual Increase In the grain crops, 1S03 to 18S3 104 Actual Increase In the cotton crop, 1805-0-7, compared to 18S2-JI-1 170 Increase In tho product of p!g-lrou, 1S05- 0-7, compared to 1SS3-I-5 231 Increase In the amount ot Insurance against loss by the, 1803-0-7, ns compar ed with 1SS3-1-5 211 Dcoslts In savings banks In Massachu setts, 1S05, per head, 17 29-100; 1883, per head, 111 01-100; Increase per capita.. 200 Wages of average mechanics in Massachu setts in 1S00, $1 (18 per day; In 1SS3, 3 01 per day; Increase 21.43 Wages of specially hkillcd mechanics In Massachusetts in 1SG", paper, $2 75, In gold, $2 25; In 1885, gold, 3; Increase, iu gold 33.33 Tho prices of 200 commodities, ns com puted by W. M. (Irosvonor, wcro higher lu 1805, than In 1S5 In currency 95 In gold 59 The wages of cotton-mill operatives lu New Kugluud wero higher lu 1885 than In 1800 by (both gold) 37 Tho tons moved one mile on tho New York Central and Hudson River rail road Increased, 1803 to 1S83, by 570 The charge per ton per lullo on this Hue was 40a per cent higher lu 1805 than In 1885. 408 The profit for moving one ton of freight on this Hue wut 552 pur cent greater iu lb03 than lu 1S?5 552 The debt of tho United Stated per capita was greater on Aug. 1, 1805, thau Aug. 1, 18S5, lu tho ratio of $ to $21 250 TIIUSK PACTS PUOVU that while wealth has. greatly iucrcased lu the period under coukidcraitou the uuuual product lias increased lu jet greater measure. The uecotsary result has been a great decrease lu the rato of iutorott upon capital, in the profits of railways, and lu the share of proilts which capital bus been able to secure to Itself lium the geueral pruduct. lu the same period prices have decreased while the wages have lneioaed. Mechanics aud factory ojieratlvcs lu the eastern states earn lu gold coin, on the average, 25 per cent more thau they earned lu 1805, If the rates then paid In paper currency bo reduced to a gold standard, while the prices of two huudied principal commodities which they consume are 59 per cent less than at that dato at h gold ktuudard. The tlgurcsou which these computations are based aru tho agricul tural report and tho census, "Poor's Railway Mauual," tho reports of tho Iron and Steel aMoulatlou, tho report ot the commissioner ot saving batiks the pay-roll of several inauu fnctunug establishments where constant cm jdoimeut lni bv'cn given, tho reports ot the Massachusetts bureau of statistics and labor, the compilation of the prloes of nil the prin cipal articles of cotutmm uo by V. M. (ire Viiior, utid other nuiheutle sou res. No i' lie question the huge hUuiuIudco of tho Ukt twenty yea is. Who ha consumed it! Nluotj cr cent at lent of the poputalluu of tho United states are wage-earner, revolver of email salaries uot much abvfo TIIK OF.NEnAI, sTANOAltD Or WAOP, or small farmers who work an hard ns their hired men. These classes constitute the creat body of consumers. If they have not enjoy ed the Increased abundance what has become of it! It may be said that n comparison with 1S03 Is unfair because the scarcity of war had not been surmounted. Let this be admitted, and mako tho comparison on any Intermediate date, nnd it will be found that the same rule holds, subject to temporary fluctuations such ns those caused by the alternate boom and de pression in railway construction. The rule Is that the tendency of profits, Interest, and prices has been steadily downward, while the tendency of earnings anil wages has been stead ily upward, until It can be atllrmcd that In this year (I860) the wages of labor as a whole were never to high and the cost of subsistence was never so low, due regard being given to tho kind and quality of the dwelling place, food, and clothing as compared with the conditions of nny previous generation. If, then, it bo admitted that tho present av erage standard of comfort or welfare, after setting aside less than half an hour a day to meet the demands of luxury other than rum, calls for an an average of ten hours' work on the part of those who work for gain, supple mented by yet longer hours on the part of the women who DO Tim llOl'srJIIOI.I) WOItK, the question arises, how can wo shorten the hours to the standard of eight, as is now so peremptorily demanded by a great many hon est cntlmslaits! The method usually attempted In this as in many other so-called reforms Is by legislation that Is to say, by compulsion. The law says to certain owners of capital: '"If you permit your machinery to bo operated boyond a cer tain number of hours a day tho state constable shall stop you, and the court shall ilnoyou." The cltcct of tho law Is to limit a certain large class of worklntr people and a certain small class of capitalists iu the use of the one clement In life which we nil have In common, rich and poor alike, nnd that Is In the use of their time. The law Bays, both to the capital ists and the laborer, you may use each twenty four hours which you enjoy in common just ns you please, provided you stop that water-wheel or that steam engine, that loom or that spin dle, that particular sewing-machine In a cloth ing factory, that special plnnlng-machlno iu a wood-working factory, that kind of saw which Is opera ted by water, etc., at the end of u cer tain number of hours, suy ten, which is now about tho average where there are any such statutes. Tho demand Is now being made that the law shall stop all these water-wheels and stc.nu-ciigincs at the end of eight hours In each twenty-four. THI3 Or,f3 OP STATUTE pj very different from thoso which arc, unfortu nately, necessary to prevent parents from overworking their children. Tho guardianship of children can bo accomplished without stop ping the wheels of industry, and such laws for tho protection of children aro unfortunately necessary. Ought they to be extended to adults! Tho laws of Massachusetts and of some other states now practically forbid capitalists and ndult workmen from making free con tracts, nnd they Impose tines upon the owners of capital who itso It beyond ten hour. :i day. The demand now being made Is that the limit of such uso shall be eight hours, subject to a similar fine. The law does not forbid men and women f mm operating hand-looms or sew ing inaclilues or fabricating anything In their own houses, or doing nny other kind of work In their own way, night or- day. It merely stops that factory by a line upon the owner If he employs men or women lu it. This Is class legislation, as t lie fact will prove. It must be Justified in such If justilled nt all. In 1880 the collective work of the fac tory gave employment to less than one hun dred persons lu each one thousand of all who wnrc engaged lu all gainful occupations. If It be assumed that not only all persons who were engaged In the textile arts, Including printing and dyeing, about 500,000 iu number, but also that nil who were engaged In WOUKINO IN MP.TAI, WOUK or upon metals, as machinists, moUlers, and the like, or all tailors, tallorosscs, and seam stresses; all boot aud shoo makers, aud all persons In tho lesser arts which can be car ried on In any factory to which such laws can or could bo applied, were actually gathered to gether In Mich factories, even then the wholo number was and Is Irs than one hundred in each ono thuUMiud workers. Whom else in the nature of things can the law restrict! It may establish a legal measure of what number of hours constitute n day's wotk when uo specific number Is named iu a contract, Just as the law proscribes what tho legal rate of interest shall bo when no spec! lie rato Is named in a premise to pay, but beyond that tho law Is jxiwerless. It can not compel the carpenter to lay down his hammer, the cook to put out the tire, tho blast-furnace man to let the charge of iron cool off, tho washerwoman to cease scrubbing, the editor to drop his pen, or the printer to cease setting up tyix, or the farmer to stop driving the plow. It can stop tho cotton-mill, but it cau not stop the paper-mill, where the woik must tie continuous. It may stop tho rolling-mill, but It can not stop the lion furnace, where the necessity of the work Is also continuous. It can stop tho clothier who operates sewing ma chines with hteam-power, but it cau not stop tho woman who runs tho sewing-machine with her foot. It can not stop the baker whoso oven must be kept hot by means of the same fuel WHICH HUNS THU t'LOTHHIIt'S KNllINFJ. In short, no law limiting or restricting the hours of labor can possibly reach two, probably not more thau one, In each ten of those who must work lu order that nil may subsist. Therefore, iu Just the measure that the small er number are restricted lu the use of their time, their tools or their capital, must tho larger number wotk longer Iu order to attain their proseut standard of comfort nnd welfare. 'I he law may limit the hours of work which may be applied lu a particular way, but It cnu not limit the nggrogato of work without limit ing the product. It can only promote scarcity by meant ot obstruction; It can not produce abundance. Men aud women may be made slaves, or may bo deprived of n part of their liberty, by restrictive statutes, lucked by force. They cnu only be restored to liberty by tho annul ment of such statutes. Hut It docs uot follow- that the law mutt be repealed lu order that It mny be annulled. It the advocate of an clgfft- hour law should get it putted, the tlrst e Hurts of the same mon who had promoted it would bo to find out how- to work overtime to tho best advantage In order to gain a better subsis tence. Thr logical remit of all such acts by which the free contract of adults Is restricted in certain specific ease Ik to limit the full use amf benellt of labor saving machinery, and thus to lengthen the uveary hour of work of the great ma tP the people. If the hour of labor ot GOVERNMENT KMPLOVITI are reduced to eight, whll the payments nra the same ai tho payments uf ten hour outside the government works, the only result can bo that Urn outside norkteg pcoplo who pay tho taxes will be e.nlh d uno to iy the Increased tflx which must of mrr-'ity Ik-Imposed. Then, it may It- n.-ked. In what manner and on what authority can we pi edict ensb-r work nnd shorter hours of labor In 1920 than wo en Joy in 18S0! Only tt(K)n this: Tho progress of a free nation mav be retarded by war, by pa- i per money, by excessive nnd 'll-adjusted taxa j Hon, by obstructions to commerce, by meddle I some statutes depriving a small part of the population of the privilege of free contract which are Inoperative as to all the rest, or by the forced circulation of undervalued coin made of depreciated sliver, but It can not bo stopped. The nation Is greater than the go vernment; the people are wiser than their leg islators. They sustain such laws as arc Just and righteous, while they adjust their works as well as they may to obstructive statutes or else Ignore them and render them Inoperative only working n little harder and a little longer when they can not avoid restrictions, than would be necessary except for such legal ob structions to their onward march. Concerning Baldness. It lias been estimated that ono-half tho adult mcgL of American birth living in our cities aro bald-headed. The esti mate is not exaggerated if it is applied to persons above the ago of 30, and it may be rnther under that mark. If, now, it be conceded that one-half of our American business and professional men are bald at the present time, it would bu interesting to speculate as to the condition of their descendants some hundreds of years from now. Tho probabilities point toward a race of hairless Americans, for baldness is es pecially liable to bo propagated in the male line, and to appear a little earlier in each generation. The American na tion is threatened with the catastrophe of a universal alopecia. It appears to bo worth while, therefore, to consider the subject of prevention, since no means have yet been found for the cure. Why are so many men bald before their time? Tho answer has always been that it is duo to tho excessive strain and cease less mental and physical activity to which American methods of business and modes of living conduce. From the visitor's gallery of the stock ex change, for example, ono views a mob of shining plates belonging, as a rule, to rather young men. Any reformer, however, who expects to prevent baldness by changing Amer ican habits may as well stop at once for ho will surely fail. Now, there may be perhaps, help in sonic other quarter. The sons of prematurely bald fathers should bear in mind that if they wish to save their hair it will only bo through industrious attention to their scalp. This much neglected surface should bo thoroughly cleansed at certain intervals. Jt should be carefully and regularly ex amined, and if it be unhealthy, dry and skurvy, tho proper applications should bo made to it- The wearing of unvent ilated hats is ono of the greatest sources of failure of nutrition of the hair, and these must be avoided. The beard never falls out, because it gets plenty of sunlight aud air. These are what tho hair of tho scalp needs, also. Women are less bald than men, because, for ono reason, their scalps are better ventilat ed. In line, civilization has made tho hair-producing organs of the scalp deli cate and feeble. They have to bo nursed and eared for, or they atrophy and disappear. Young America ns who do not wish to loe their hair before they are 10 must begin to look after their scalps before tlioy are 20. Medi cat Jlcconl. A Man To Be Feared. Ward H. Lainon, Mr. Lincoln's Illinois partner, who was appointed by him United States Marshal for the Dis trict of Columbia, was a man of gigan tic size and herculean strength. Among tho many anecdotes related about him was that of his contest with Secretary Stanton for the jail at Washington. Marshal Lamou had in custod' there a number of colored prisoners, legally committed, and ho refused to liberate thorn. Ono afternoon ho went to dino with old Mr. Hlnir out at Silver Springs, and when ho returned his deputy in formed him that tho military Governor had taken possession of tho jail, and put thero a guard composed of a ser geant and about a dozen mon. Lamon consulted Mr. Carlisle, his regular counsel, and, ascertaining that this in trusion was utterly without warrant of law, announced hi- intention of retaking tho place, which he proceeded to do at once. Alone, and with Ids own hands, ho disarmed the entire party, took tho keys from tho sergeant, locked up him aud his men, stacked their arms, and then reported to Mr. Lincoln tho statu of afl'airs. He was sustained, as ho al ways was, by the i'rosidout, nnd in duo timo n ponderous opinion from Father Dates put an end to the military siege of tho jail, which Lamon moan while had put into a posturo of dofenso, and determined to hold tit any cost. About tho same timo Mr. Stanton had made up his mind to boi.e a houso that La mon had bought and was litting tip for tho reception of his family. "If you do that,'' said Lamon, at tlie conclu sion of the interview in which tho Sec rotary had been very offensive, "I'll kill you." Stanton went hnuiodintoly to the President, and informed him that tho Marshal had threatened to murder him. "Well, Stanton," said Lincoln, "if ho reully said It, "I'd ad viso you to prepare for your end, for he's a man of his word. Hut I'll sco him, and try if I can't gut him to spare your life on my account. He' a great frlond of mine, you know." Hut Mr. Stanton did not tako the house, lien: I'trlcy Pooro in Boston JJudget. ,AK! Situated four mi!- u--t if t'niun 'riut on south Hide of tin- ). 1! A V l ... rail roml. In Comfortable Iloomn. Health for tho Sick, nnd Rest for tho Weary. Kspeeinlly ndnpted for tho Itvlief ot Wo men. Is under the Hiiporvi.slon of one whe lins had thirty years' experience. S. I- XEWlIAItD, Proprietor. Gko. Wkioiit, President. Y. T. Wmoiir, Cnsliier. -OF UNION, OREGON. Docs a General Hanking I5usiness. lluys nnd Rolls exchange, mid discounts com lnercinl paper. Collections! carefully attended to, nnd promptly reported. COMMERCIAL Umi aM Feed 8 Oi'i-osiTi: Cknthnniai. Hotel. JOHN S. ULIOTT, I'llOPlUKTOH. Having furnished this old nnd populnr hostelry with ample room, plenty of feed, good hostlers and new buggies! is better prepared tbnn ever to accommodate cus tomers. My terms aro reasonable. Adam Cuomsma.v, Puopiiietoii. Has now on hand and for Bale the best ol HARNESS. LADIGO, UPPER and LACE LEATHER. SHEEP SKINS, ETC. ioi:'B'i,Arvi iieici?s Paid for Iliden and PeltH. -RAILROAD- FEED A! LIVERY STABLE Near the Court House. A. I- llnNsoN, - - Piioi-iiiiiion. Union, Oregon, Pino turnoutK and flrst-clnfs rigs for the accommodation or tho public generally. Conveyances for commercial men a spe cialty. -fThe accommodations for feed cannot bo excelled iu the valley. Terms reasonable. SMOKE OUR PUNCH Rest Havana Filled 66 0 Five Cent Cigar. 5 Jones Rros., agents, Union. E. GOLLINSKY & CO. SMOKE THE "ESTRELLA" KEY WEST Imported Havana Cigar. NONE RETTER. Tonsorial Rooms Two doors south of Jones Bros.' store, Union, Oregon. 1. M. Johnson, Pitor-RiuTon. Hair cutting, shaving und shampooing done neatly and iu the best style. CITY -:- Main Street, Union, Oregon. Bk.nson Bho.'n - Pnor-itnjToiis. Keep constantly on hand BEEP. PORK, VEAL, MUTTON, SAU SAGE, HAMS. LARD, ETC. Union, Oregon. Dan. Ciiamh.uu, Phophibtoii H.niiiK recently purchiged this hoUd and iviittod it tbrouiiho it, I am prepared to accommodate tho hungry (tub jt, Jn (Jit cIiihs style. Call and see me. Lahob S.ill I'M: Rooms for tho accommodation ol commercial traveler. CMENKUL HOTEL BAR. E. MILLER, Proprietor. Having lilted up the Centennial HoUl Bar-room, and removed my stock ol Wines, Liquors & Cigars to that phi re. I am better imp red Uinn ever to onWrtuiu and rcgtile my cjatomeru. I keep none hut the bet ol llumern Liquors .1111 vau!;cr, Vulrt W'ullu, ami l.'nloii 11 1 cr. Also, the Rnest B.airtsof Cigars. COVE TANNERY. IIOWLAND & LLOYD Mmnifncturcrs ol FURNITURE, Main Street, Union, Ore. Keep constantly on hand a large supply pi nrlor and Bed Itooni sets, Bedding, UeskH, Orllco Furniture, etc. Viiliolntcrlng Ilono In the Hcst Stylo Lounges, Mattresses, nnd nil kinds ot Furniture made to order. PATRONAGE SOLICITED. PHOTOGRAPH GALLERY ! Corner Main and C Streets, Union. All kinds of photographic work done Inn. superior manner, nnd according to tho IntcHt nnd most approved methods. Views of resiflences taken on eppli-Ktion. SAH work warranted to give pntislac lion. J ONUS BUO'S, Props. MASON it HAMLIN OrganB .VXD on L n iVi , USVJ. .... -tSLZl Pianos are Uiie.veclted 3r XT" enn pavo Prom $M to SI 0 on tho II Oil. pur lia o of tin Inruinunt by buyliifr tilt 'juirli W. T. UftMitrr, Ag'at Un.on,Ogn Buy tho May ward Fire Extinguisher. Everybody should have thoni. Men, 1 women or children enn use them. Thou sands of dollars worth of property saved every day. They don't frcoze. aro not in jurious to flesh or fabric, and nro always ready. You cannot afford to bo without them. G. J. Becht. Gen. Agent, 3 24 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. Cook & Dwight, Agta., La Grande, Oregon. Corner of Main and B streets, Union. -Dealers in GROCERIES, CANNED GOODS, VARIETY AND FANCY GOODS, TOBACCO AND CI OA Btn CUNTS' riJHNISniNG GOODS. WATCHES, CLOCKS, and JEWELRY, Glneswnre, Mne-ical Instrument, Picturs Prames and 1'ictimiH, Moulding, Hi Ml Cuboa, Baby Car riages, etc., Candies and Nuts, Stationary. Sshool Books, Periodicals, NoveU, etc., ol every duserlption. ALL KINDS OF FRESH FRUITS Always qii hand, We keep oensUntly on hand every thing iihuully kupt in a flrvt clutu variety fetore. O.Ordera from any part of tho country will be promptly nttended to. warn B a jTU u U ua JONES BRO S,