THE HOUKS OF LAUOIi
A Practical Review ol the Great
Question of Shortening the
Time of Toil of "Wage
Workers. ITeoessary Inequalities and Points
Which Legislation Will Provo To
Be Powerless.
in
What tho Eesnlt Will Bo of Adopting
the Eight-Hour Plan-Ita Effect
on Taxation.
A Notion's Progress.
The following article upon the eight-hour
question from the pen ot Edward Atkinson,
tho great economist, appeared In BradtlrtctU
April 24:
The late President Garfield once told me that
ho dated his Intellectual life from the day on
which he listened to a lecture by Ralph Waldo
Emmerson, which ncemcd to him to have tct
his brain on fire; yet, n ken ho tried to recall
what had been nald ho could only remember
one (.cntence, "Mankind Is as lazy as It dares
to be." It was a very true saying, and ono
which nil persons who attempt to nhortcn the
hours of labor by statute may well consider.
Tho h.rtirs of labor during which men nnd
women must work In order to obtain subsist
ence arc controlled by conditions which arc
wholly beyond the roach or statutes. Tlilr will
become nppnrcnt If the occujmtlons of all
who work for gain, or for a payment In
money, aru sorted and considered, each class
by Itself.
Given land, labor, mental, mechanical, and
manual, and capital, applied to tho produc
tion and distribution of food, fuel, shelter, and
clothing, mid we attain at a given time, or In
a certain nveracc number of hours a dny, u
certain product, In each series of four seasons
constituting ono joar. This product Is ex
changed by the measure of money among the
wholo population, each pcrfoti obtaining a
Miare, mainly by exchange. Very few persons,
except farmers and farm laborers, consume
any part of their own product.
WB AllB A IX INTEltniirnNDUMT.
Now, If wo consider Uncle Sam as a con
crete Individual, or as a person who Is work
ing his own farm nnd his own factory, we may
readily conceive certain propositions, nnd wo
mav reason iion them.
Ills laud Is of unbounded capacity with re
spect to his present wants. It Is his knowl
edge how to work It which Is limited. His
number of hours a day Is just twenty-four.
His necessity Is to produco a certain number
of pounds of food a day, a certain number of
rnrds of cloth a year, a certain number of tons
Df fuel, and n certain nmouut of shelter. Ho
ki as lazy as ho dares to be.
Tho question Is, What proportion of his tlmo
must he Given to workl how much may be
plven to rest? In reply to tho question It docs
not suirico to measure the time of those only
ho are engaged In gainful occupations or In
talcd work In n factory, upon n farm, or In n
workshop. Such work Uncle Sam docs mainly
tor himself, but little assisted by his wife and
daughters. According to tho census of 1SS0
one jterson In each 2.03, or for convenience wo
muy say that one person In three, of the whole
population was engaged In gainful work for
tho purposo of earning moncj-, but only a very
mall proportion of tho force working for
money consisted of women. Does It follow
that other women were not engaged In most
arduous household workl Aru not many
eight and ten hour husbands sustained by
fourtoen-hour wives, who toll nlmoit night
and day In the work of the household I
"Where is
Tim r.raiiT-iioim iaw
for them! Who represents them In tho legis
lature! So far as tho hours of labor of thoso
who work for money can bu measured, tho
average hours seem to bo between ten nnd
eleven hours per day. Tho statistics upon the
ubject are not very complete, and tho hours
of labor vary greatly In different sections of
tho country at the present tlmo and In tho
nine placo at different periods within tho last
forty years. Sulllco It that at tho present
moment the present product of labor and
capital working together between ten nnd
eleven hours of each working day yields more
food, mora fuel, more material for clothing,
more material for shelter, and more of all tho
necessities of life than the present opulnt!on
would consnmo at the present average stand
ard of consumption, If It wero evenly divided.
Why not then shorten tho hours of labor
someone asks. Tho reply Is, They are short
ening by consent rather than by statute. Tho
general work of life Is easier and tho hours
are shorter than they ever hnvo been In any
previous generation, for nil persons who pos
ter such n measure of personal Intelligence
as may enable them to grasp tho opxrtttnlty
offered them. In the ahtenco of slavery or of
tatuto compulsion each man makes his own
hours of labor.
tub nirrKiiKsci: in tiik consumption
of one mon compared to another, bo ho rich or
poor, Is much more In quality than In quanti
ty with respect to food measured by weight, to
textile fabrics measured by yards, or to fuel
for heating nnd rooking measured by tons.
In respect to the uso of the materials which
are converted Into shelter, the present distri
bution Is very uneven, m well as In respect to
tho distribution of small comforts and of luxu
ries. There Is moie Itieuuallty In dwelling
place than In food and raiment. Tho dispar
ity In the duelling places Is almost as great
between different c'asses nnd conditions of
working jHfople ns It Is between tho average of
all tho so-called working clases and of nil tho
well to-do of employing classes. Tho problem
of clothing Is almost soho.l. The food prol
lein Is In a fair way of solution. Tho problem
of housing worklhg people In comfoit Is still j
unsolved.
Steam nnd water power havotendod to great
and unwholesome concentration. If light,
beat, and power can hereafter bo widely dif
fused through pipe or over wires tho area of
cities may bo greatly widened, while an Inten
sive svstem of agriculture may at tho samo
Umo overcome
TUB PIIE8KNT ISOLATION Or TIIK FAIIMKIIS.
On tho other hand, tho proportion which
strictly luxurious consumption bears to the
total consumption, either In dwellings or In
food and raiment. Is very small. There are no
data by which what may bo called luxurious
consumption can bo accurately measured, but
an approximate Idea can bo attained by an
analysis of foreign Imports.
Tho year I860 was a very prosperous year.
There was nocompuisory idleness no iock or
employment tor all who were willing to work.
There was n quick foreign demand for the ex
cess of our agricultural product, which would
have rotted on tho Held except It had
been exported, btcauie nil who were
willing to work were well iimirUhod with
what wss left. This ekcens of product which
wc could not mown valued at the norUot
upon ut over $703,000,000. It represented
the year's labor of 1,300,000 to 1,330,000 pet
sons who were engaged In agriculture and of
150,000 to 200,000 who were engaged In the
mechanical arts or In manufactures. On the
whole, It may be computed that between 9 nnd
10 per cent, of all those who were engaged In
gainful occupation In this prosperous year
found their market In n foreign country, with
out drawing from home consumption a single
bushel of grain, pound of cotton, gallon of oil,
or anything clso that was
NEEDED roil HOME CONSUMPTION.
It Is often assumed that the returns received
In exchange for this cxjwrt of our excess con
sist of foreign luxuries, and If luxurious con
sumption may be approximately measured any
where It would bo In the proportion of luxuries
in our foreign Imports. I3ut what are the
facts!
In the classification of Imports lately made
In the bureau of statistics of the treasury de
partment we find that the Inqwls of 1850 con
sisted of:
Articles of food and live animals.. $100,103,00.1
Articles In a crude condition neces
sary to domestic Industry 100,053,870
Articles partly or wholly manufac
tured, also made uo of In tho
processes of domestic Industry.. 73,1S0,003
Total $432,403,802
Manufactured articles ready for
consumption ?130,001,013
Articles of voluntary use, or lux
uries C3,Ml,82d
Total $103,117,109
Total of all Imports $027,533,271
Even If the wholo sum of the last two
classes bo charged to luxurious consumption,
which would ba very much beyond a truo esti
mate, the wholo expenditure for foreign lux
uries did not exceed $2 In each $100 of the
whole consumption of tho United States. By
far tho larger portion of tho manufactured
articles ready for consumption consisted of
machinery, ehcmleals.chlniiw.irc, railway bars,
and other articles of common and not of lux
urious consumption. The actual foreign lux
uries imported did
NOT KXCUEl) $103,000,000 in valuc.
If we add to this sum nn equal sum for the
expenditure of domestic products upon pala
tial residences and other strictly luxurious
purjioscs, other than the common waste upon
liquor, which Is shared by rich and poor alike,
we have not over 2 percent, of the national
consumption which can In any sense be called
luxuilous. Hum costs the people of this coun
try three or four times as much ns all other
luxuries.
Now, assuming that Uncle Sam works for
gain at this time, aside from household work,
an average of ten hours nnd a half n day,
which Is not far from the fact, then It follows
that If nil luxurious consumption were stop
ped, except tho use of liquor, the saving of
time would bo less than tho odd half hour.
Moro than !'5 per cent, of nil our present work
is necessary to meet our present standard of
common welfare.
It therefore follows that with our ptcsont
capital, skill, and Intelligence ten hours or
moro of gainful work are absolutely required
In each working day in order to meet tho pres
ent standard of necessity or of common com
fort. But It will not remain so.
Measuring time by generations of thirty-live
years, wo may ba assured that In 1020 Uncle
Sam will be iiblc to save as much time and ef
fort In the work of gaining a subslstaucu ns he
has saved since 1S50, 1800, or 1SU5. It must be
remembered that Undo Sam has been subject
ed to tho destructive Influences of civil war
during the generation ending In 1SS3. Tho
lust twenty years will serve better to
MKASL'ltK HIS PKOmtllSH
than the whole period. For this purpose a few
comparisons may be made, a part of them be
tween ISffi and 1SS3, and apart between earlier
dates and 18S3:
Per cent.
Estimated gain In tho population of tho
States, 1803 to 18S3 03
Actual Increase in the railway mileage,
1805 to 1SS5 270
Actual Increase In the grain crops, 1S03 to
18S3 104
Actual Increase In the cotton crop, 1805-0-7,
compared to 18S2-JI-1 170
Increase In tho product of p!g-lrou, 1S05-
0-7, compared to 1SS3-I-5 231
Increase In the amount ot Insurance
against loss by the, 1803-0-7, ns compar
ed with 1SS3-1-5 211
Dcoslts In savings banks In Massachu
setts, 1S05, per head, 17 29-100; 1883, per
head, 111 01-100; Increase per capita.. 200
Wages of average mechanics in Massachu
setts in 1S00, $1 (18 per day; In 1SS3,
3 01 per day; Increase 21.43
Wages of specially hkillcd mechanics In
Massachusetts in 1SG", paper, $2 75, In
gold, $2 25; In 1885, gold, 3; Increase,
iu gold 33.33
Tho prices of 200 commodities, ns com
puted by W. M. (Irosvonor, wcro higher
lu 1805, than In 1S5 In currency 95
In gold 59
The wages of cotton-mill operatives lu
New Kugluud wero higher lu 1885 than
In 1800 by (both gold) 37
Tho tons moved one mile on tho New
York Central and Hudson River rail
road Increased, 1803 to 1S83, by 570
The charge per ton per lullo on this Hue
was 40a per cent higher lu 1805 than In
1885.
408
The profit for moving one ton of freight
on this Hue wut 552 pur cent greater iu
lb03 than lu 1S?5 552
The debt of tho United Stated per capita
was greater on Aug. 1, 1805, thau Aug.
1, 18S5, lu tho ratio of $ to $21 250
TIIUSK PACTS PUOVU
that while wealth has. greatly iucrcased lu the
period under coukidcraitou the uuuual product
lias increased lu jet greater measure. The
uecotsary result has been a great decrease lu
the rato of iutorott upon capital, in the profits
of railways, and lu the share of proilts which
capital bus been able to secure to Itself lium
the geueral pruduct. lu the same period
prices have decreased while the wages have
lneioaed. Mechanics aud factory ojieratlvcs
lu the eastern states earn lu gold coin, on the
average, 25 per cent more thau they earned lu
1805, If the rates then paid In paper currency
bo reduced to a gold standard, while the prices
of two huudied principal commodities which
they consume are 59 per cent less than at that
dato at h gold ktuudard. The tlgurcsou which
these computations are based aru tho agricul
tural report and tho census, "Poor's Railway
Mauual," tho reports of tho Iron and Steel
aMoulatlou, tho report ot the commissioner ot
saving batiks the pay-roll of several inauu
fnctunug establishments where constant cm
jdoimeut lni bv'cn given, tho reports ot the
Massachusetts bureau of statistics and labor,
the compilation of the prloes of nil the prin
cipal articles of cotutmm uo by V. M. (ire
Viiior, utid other nuiheutle sou res.
No i' lie question the huge hUuiuIudco of tho
Ukt twenty yea is. Who ha consumed it!
Nluotj cr cent at lent of the poputalluu of
tho United states are wage-earner, revolver
of email salaries uot much abvfo
TIIK OF.NEnAI, sTANOAltD Or WAOP,
or small farmers who work an hard ns their
hired men. These classes constitute the creat
body of consumers. If they have not enjoy
ed the Increased abundance what has become
of it!
It may be said that n comparison with 1S03
Is unfair because the scarcity of war had not
been surmounted. Let this be admitted, and
mako tho comparison on any Intermediate
date, nnd it will be found that the same rule
holds, subject to temporary fluctuations such
ns those caused by the alternate boom and de
pression in railway construction. The rule Is
that the tendency of profits, Interest, and
prices has been steadily downward, while the
tendency of earnings anil wages has been stead
ily upward, until It can be atllrmcd that In this
year (I860) the wages of labor as a whole were
never to high and the cost of subsistence was
never so low, due regard being given to tho
kind and quality of the dwelling place, food,
and clothing as compared with the conditions
of nny previous generation.
If, then, it bo admitted that tho present av
erage standard of comfort or welfare, after
setting aside less than half an hour a day to
meet the demands of luxury other than rum,
calls for an an average of ten hours' work on
the part of those who work for gain, supple
mented by yet longer hours on the part of the
women who
DO Tim llOl'srJIIOI.I) WOItK,
the question arises, how can wo shorten the
hours to the standard of eight, as is now so
peremptorily demanded by a great many hon
est cntlmslaits!
The method usually attempted In this as in
many other so-called reforms Is by legislation
that Is to say, by compulsion. The law says to
certain owners of capital: '"If you permit
your machinery to bo operated boyond a cer
tain number of hours a day tho state constable
shall stop you, and the court shall ilnoyou."
The cltcct of tho law Is to limit a certain
large class of worklntr people and a certain
small class of capitalists iu the use of the one
clement In life which we nil have In common,
rich and poor alike, nnd that Is In the use of
their time. The law Bays, both to the capital
ists and the laborer, you may use each twenty
four hours which you enjoy in common just ns
you please, provided you stop that water-wheel
or that steam engine, that loom or that spin
dle, that particular sewing-machine In a cloth
ing factory, that special plnnlng-machlno iu a
wood-working factory, that kind of saw which
Is opera ted by water, etc., at the end of u cer
tain number of hours, suy ten, which is now
about tho average where there are any such
statutes. Tho demand Is now being made that
the law shall stop all these water-wheels and
stc.nu-ciigincs at the end of eight hours In
each twenty-four.
THI3 Or,f3 OP STATUTE
pj very different from thoso which arc, unfortu
nately, necessary to prevent parents from
overworking their children. Tho guardianship
of children can bo accomplished without stop
ping the wheels of industry, and such laws for
tho protection of children aro unfortunately
necessary. Ought they to be extended to
adults!
Tho laws of Massachusetts and of some
other states now practically forbid capitalists
and ndult workmen from making free con
tracts, nnd they Impose tines upon the owners
of capital who itso It beyond ten hour. :i day.
The demand now being made Is that the limit
of such uso shall be eight hours, subject to a
similar fine. The law does not forbid men and
women f mm operating hand-looms or sew ing
inaclilues or fabricating anything In their own
houses, or doing nny other kind of work In
their own way, night or- day. It merely stops
that factory by a line upon the owner If he
employs men or women lu it.
This Is class legislation, as t lie fact will
prove. It must be Justified in such If justilled
nt all. In 1880 the collective work of the fac
tory gave employment to less than one hun
dred persons lu each one thousand of all who
wnrc engaged lu all gainful occupations. If It
be assumed that not only all persons who were
engaged In the textile arts, Including printing
and dyeing, about 500,000 iu number, but also
that nil who were engaged In
WOUKINO IN MP.TAI, WOUK
or upon metals, as machinists, moUlers, and
the like, or all tailors, tallorosscs, and seam
stresses; all boot aud shoo makers, aud all
persons In tho lesser arts which can be car
ried on In any factory to which such laws can
or could bo applied, were actually gathered to
gether In Mich factories, even then the wholo
number was and Is Irs than one hundred in
each ono thuUMiud workers.
Whom else in the nature of things can the
law restrict! It may establish a legal measure
of what number of hours constitute n day's
wotk when uo specific number Is named iu a
contract, Just as the law proscribes what tho
legal rate of interest shall bo when no spec! lie
rato Is named in a premise to pay, but beyond
that tho law Is jxiwerless. It can not compel
the carpenter to lay down his hammer, the
cook to put out the tire, tho blast-furnace
man to let the charge of iron cool off, tho
washerwoman to cease scrubbing, the editor
to drop his pen, or the printer to cease setting
up tyix, or the farmer to stop driving the
plow. It can stop tho cotton-mill, but it cau
not stop the paper-mill, where the woik must
tie continuous. It may stop tho rolling-mill,
but It can not stop the lion furnace, where the
necessity of the work Is also continuous. It
can stop tho clothier who operates sewing ma
chines with hteam-power, but it cau not stop
tho woman who runs tho sewing-machine
with her foot. It can not stop the baker whoso
oven must be kept hot by means of the same
fuel
WHICH HUNS THU t'LOTHHIIt'S KNllINFJ.
In short, no law limiting or restricting the
hours of labor can possibly reach two, probably
not more thau one, In each ten of those who
must work lu order that nil may subsist.
Therefore, iu Just the measure that the small
er number are restricted lu the use of their
time, their tools or their capital, must tho
larger number wotk longer Iu order to attain
their proseut standard of comfort nnd welfare.
'I he law may limit the hours of work which
may be applied lu a particular way, but It cnu
not limit the nggrogato of work without limit
ing the product. It can only promote scarcity
by meant ot obstruction; It can not produce
abundance.
Men aud women may be made slaves, or
may bo deprived of n part of their liberty, by
restrictive statutes, lucked by force. They
cnu only be restored to liberty by tho annul
ment of such statutes. Hut It docs uot follow-
that the law mutt be repealed lu order that It
mny be annulled. It the advocate of an clgfft-
hour law should get it putted, the tlrst e Hurts
of the same mon who had promoted it would
bo to find out how- to work overtime to tho best
advantage In order to gain a better subsis
tence. Thr logical remit of all such acts by
which the free contract of adults Is restricted
in certain specific ease Ik to limit the full use
amf benellt of labor saving machinery, and
thus to lengthen the uveary hour of work
of the great ma tP the people. If the hour
of labor ot
GOVERNMENT KMPLOVITI
are reduced to eight, whll the payments nra
the same ai tho payments uf ten hour outside
the government works, the only result can bo
that Urn outside norkteg pcoplo who pay tho
taxes will be e.nlh d uno to iy the Increased
tflx which must of mrr-'ity Ik-Imposed.
Then, it may It- n.-ked. In what manner and
on what authority can we pi edict ensb-r work
nnd shorter hours of labor In 1920 than wo en
Joy in 18S0! Only tt(K)n this: Tho progress of
a free nation mav be retarded by war, by pa-
i per money, by excessive nnd 'll-adjusted taxa
j Hon, by obstructions to commerce, by meddle
I some statutes depriving a small part of the
population of the privilege of free contract
which are Inoperative as to all the rest, or by
the forced circulation of undervalued coin
made of depreciated sliver, but It can not bo
stopped. The nation Is greater than the go
vernment; the people are wiser than their leg
islators. They sustain such laws as arc Just
and righteous, while they adjust their works
as well as they may to obstructive statutes or
else Ignore them and render them Inoperative
only working n little harder and a little longer
when they can not avoid restrictions, than
would be necessary except for such legal ob
structions to their onward march.
Concerning Baldness.
It lias been estimated that ono-half tho
adult mcgL of American birth living in
our cities aro bald-headed. The esti
mate is not exaggerated if it is applied
to persons above the ago of 30, and it
may be rnther under that mark. If,
now, it be conceded that one-half of our
American business and professional
men are bald at the present time, it
would bu interesting to speculate as to
the condition of their descendants some
hundreds of years from now. Tho
probabilities point toward a race of
hairless Americans, for baldness is es
pecially liable to bo propagated in the
male line, and to appear a little earlier
in each generation. The American na
tion is threatened with the catastrophe
of a universal alopecia. It appears to
bo worth while, therefore, to consider
the subject of prevention, since no
means have yet been found for the cure.
Why are so many men bald before their
time?
Tho answer has always been that it
is duo to tho excessive strain and cease
less mental and physical activity to
which American methods of business
and modes of living conduce. From
the visitor's gallery of the stock ex
change, for example, ono views a mob
of shining plates belonging, as a rule,
to rather young men.
Any reformer, however, who expects
to prevent baldness by changing Amer
ican habits may as well stop at once for
ho will surely fail. Now, there may be
perhaps, help in sonic other quarter.
The sons of prematurely bald fathers
should bear in mind that if they wish to
save their hair it will only bo through
industrious attention to their scalp.
This much neglected surface should bo
thoroughly cleansed at certain intervals.
Jt should be carefully and regularly ex
amined, and if it be unhealthy, dry and
skurvy, tho proper applications should
bo made to it- The wearing of unvent
ilated hats is ono of the greatest sources
of failure of nutrition of the hair, and
these must be avoided. The beard
never falls out, because it gets plenty of
sunlight aud air. These are what tho
hair of tho scalp needs, also. Women
are less bald than men, because, for ono
reason, their scalps are better ventilat
ed. In line, civilization has made tho
hair-producing organs of the scalp deli
cate and feeble. They have to bo
nursed and eared for, or they atrophy
and disappear. Young America ns who
do not wish to loe their hair before
they are 10 must begin to look after
their scalps before tlioy are 20. Medi
cat Jlcconl.
A Man To Be Feared.
Ward H. Lainon, Mr. Lincoln's
Illinois partner, who was appointed by
him United States Marshal for the Dis
trict of Columbia, was a man of gigan
tic size and herculean strength. Among
tho many anecdotes related about him
was that of his contest with Secretary
Stanton for the jail at Washington.
Marshal Lamou had in custod' there a
number of colored prisoners, legally
committed, and ho refused to liberate
thorn. Ono afternoon ho went to dino
with old Mr. Hlnir out at Silver Springs,
and when ho returned his deputy in
formed him that tho military Governor
had taken possession of tho jail, and
put thero a guard composed of a ser
geant and about a dozen mon. Lamon
consulted Mr. Carlisle, his regular
counsel, and, ascertaining that this in
trusion was utterly without warrant of
law, announced hi- intention of retaking
tho place, which he proceeded to do at
once. Alone, and with Ids own hands,
ho disarmed the entire party, took tho
keys from tho sergeant, locked up him
aud his men, stacked their arms, and
then reported to Mr. Lincoln tho statu
of afl'airs. He was sustained, as ho al
ways was, by the i'rosidout, nnd in duo
timo n ponderous opinion from Father
Dates put an end to the military siege
of tho jail, which Lamon moan while
had put into a posturo of dofenso, and
determined to hold tit any cost. About
tho same timo Mr. Stanton had made
up his mind to boi.e a houso that La
mon had bought and was litting tip for
tho reception of his family. "If you
do that,'' said Lamon, at tlie conclu
sion of the interview in which tho Sec
rotary had been very offensive, "I'll
kill you." Stanton went hnuiodintoly
to the President, and informed him
that tho Marshal had threatened to
murder him. "Well, Stanton," said
Lincoln, "if ho reully said It, "I'd ad
viso you to prepare for your end, for
he's a man of his word. Hut I'll sco
him, and try if I can't gut him to spare
your life on my account. He' a great
frlond of mine, you know." Hut Mr.
Stanton did not tako the house, lien:
I'trlcy Pooro in Boston JJudget.
,AK!
Situated four mi!- u--t if t'niun 'riut
on south Hide of tin- ). 1! A V l ... rail
roml. In Comfortable Iloomn.
Health for tho Sick, nnd Rest for tho
Weary.
Kspeeinlly ndnpted for tho Itvlief ot Wo
men. Is under the Hiiporvi.slon of one whe
lins had thirty years' experience.
S. I- XEWlIAItD, Proprietor.
Gko. Wkioiit,
President.
Y. T. Wmoiir,
Cnsliier.
-OF
UNION,
OREGON.
Docs a General Hanking I5usiness. lluys
nnd Rolls exchange, mid discounts com
lnercinl paper.
Collections! carefully attended to, nnd
promptly reported.
COMMERCIAL
Umi aM Feed 8
Oi'i-osiTi: Cknthnniai. Hotel.
JOHN S. ULIOTT,
I'llOPlUKTOH.
Having furnished this old nnd populnr
hostelry with ample room, plenty of feed,
good hostlers and new buggies! is better
prepared tbnn ever to accommodate cus
tomers. My terms aro reasonable.
Adam Cuomsma.v, Puopiiietoii.
Has now on hand and for Bale the best ol
HARNESS. LADIGO,
UPPER and
LACE LEATHER.
SHEEP SKINS, ETC.
ioi:'B'i,Arvi iieici?s
Paid for Iliden and PeltH.
-RAILROAD-
FEED A! LIVERY STABLE
Near the Court House.
A. I- llnNsoN, - - Piioi-iiiiiion.
Union, Oregon,
Pino turnoutK and flrst-clnfs rigs for the
accommodation or tho public generally.
Conveyances for commercial men a spe
cialty. -fThe accommodations for feed cannot
bo excelled iu the valley. Terms reasonable.
SMOKE OUR
PUNCH
Rest Havana Filled
66
0 Five Cent Cigar. 5
Jones Rros., agents, Union.
E. GOLLINSKY & CO.
SMOKE THE
"ESTRELLA"
KEY WEST Imported Havana Cigar.
NONE RETTER.
Tonsorial Rooms
Two doors south of Jones Bros.' store,
Union, Oregon.
1. M. Johnson,
Pitor-RiuTon.
Hair cutting, shaving und shampooing
done neatly and iu the best style.
CITY -:-
Main Street, Union, Oregon.
Bk.nson Bho.'n - Pnor-itnjToiis.
Keep constantly on hand
BEEP. PORK, VEAL, MUTTON, SAU
SAGE, HAMS. LARD, ETC.
Union, Oregon.
Dan. Ciiamh.uu,
Phophibtoii
H.niiiK recently purchiged this hoUd
and iviittod it tbrouiiho it, I am prepared
to accommodate tho hungry (tub jt, Jn (Jit
cIiihs style. Call and see me. Lahob S.ill
I'M: Rooms for tho accommodation ol
commercial traveler.
CMENKUL HOTEL BAR.
E. MILLER, Proprietor.
Having lilted up the Centennial HoUl
Bar-room, and removed my stock ol
Wines, Liquors & Cigars
to that phi re. I am better imp red Uinn
ever to onWrtuiu and rcgtile my cjatomeru.
I keep none hut the bet ol
llumern Liquors .1111 vau!;cr, Vulrt
W'ullu, ami l.'nloii 11 1 cr.
Also, the Rnest B.airtsof Cigars.
COVE TANNERY.
IIOWLAND & LLOYD
Mmnifncturcrs ol
FURNITURE,
Main Street, Union, Ore.
Keep constantly on hand a large supply
pi nrlor and Bed Itooni sets, Bedding,
UeskH, Orllco Furniture, etc.
Viiliolntcrlng Ilono In the Hcst Stylo
Lounges, Mattresses, nnd nil kinds ot
Furniture made to order.
PATRONAGE SOLICITED.
PHOTOGRAPH GALLERY !
Corner Main and C Streets, Union.
All kinds of photographic work done Inn.
superior manner, nnd according
to tho IntcHt nnd most
approved methods.
Views of resiflences taken on eppli-Ktion.
SAH work warranted to give pntislac
lion. J ONUS BUO'S, Props.
MASON
it
HAMLIN
OrganB
.VXD
on L n iVi ,
USVJ. .... -tSLZl
Pianos
are
Uiie.veclted
3r
XT" enn pavo Prom $M to SI 0 on tho
II Oil. pur lia o of tin Inruinunt by
buyliifr tilt 'juirli
W. T. UftMitrr, Ag'at Un.on,Ogn
Buy tho May ward
Fire Extinguisher.
Everybody should have thoni. Men,
1 women or children enn use them. Thou
sands of dollars worth of property saved
every day. They don't frcoze. aro not in
jurious to flesh or fabric, and nro always
ready. You cannot afford to bo without
them.
G. J. Becht. Gen. Agent, 3 24 Market St.,
San Francisco, Cal. Cook & Dwight, Agta.,
La Grande, Oregon.
Corner of Main and B streets, Union.
-Dealers in
GROCERIES,
CANNED GOODS,
VARIETY AND FANCY GOODS,
TOBACCO
AND
CI OA Btn
CUNTS' riJHNISniNG GOODS.
WATCHES,
CLOCKS,
and JEWELRY,
Glneswnre, Mne-ical Instrument, Picturs
Prames and 1'ictimiH, Moulding,
Hi Ml Cuboa, Baby Car
riages, etc.,
Candies and Nuts,
Stationary. Sshool Books, Periodicals,
NoveU, etc., ol every duserlption.
ALL KINDS OF FRESH FRUITS
Always qii hand,
We keep oensUntly on hand every thing
iihuully kupt in a flrvt clutu variety fetore.
O.Ordera from any part of tho country
will be promptly nttended to.
warn
B a jTU u U ua
JONES BRO S,