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About The Oregon scout. (Union, Union County, Or.) 188?-1918 | View Entire Issue (July 18, 1885)
o e c r . t a C J c o ) flrown Hrc.id. Nothing was ever cot together tliu ulnlfnrm of n. tinlitlcal D:irtV t that meant nioro or panned out less than n boy's first attempt at gardening. It cost a man ten dollars aim a soro nose to express an opinion at Jasksoii, JUicli.. the oilier (lav. no miorreu mat nnothor man was a liar nnd said so. What a blessed thing is knowledge, Without it you would nnvor know that pantaloons aro derived from a couolo of Greek words that mean to rttlo the roost. Philosophy stutters and crows weak in the knees when it tries to explain whv n granger has to have a black patch on a blue pair of pantaloons, and vieo versa. A Now York paper mentions tho fact that a lailyoiiuo received a declaration 01 Jova on lier cigntiotii uirtnuay Never despair, girls. While tliero; Jifo thoro'shopo. Another turn on tho capstan of pro cress has been given. Water is now being used for fuel!) in Cincinnati, and for that purpose it is said to excel the nativo whisk'. A St. Louis man was so affected with tho story of the Prodigal Son, which he recently heard for the lirst time, that ho sent word to the ininistor to send the boy to his factory, and ho (J would give him a steady job at good wages. There is strong probability that Balaam's ass was blessed with progeny. A Georgia proaohor says ho not only believes tho whalo swallowed Jonah, buthe could also believe Jonah swal lowed tho whale, had it been so writ ten. It istdainicd that a successful type fiettingnnachino has at last been put in oporation. Wo go right smart on ma chinery, nut wo want to see it trot around tho ollien hunting, sorts and stealing leads boforo-wiako much stock in it. Tho ashes of an imperial Cirsar, who was kiln-dried more than eighteen hun dred years ag were used by a wasli-er-woman recently in the manufacture of soft soap. It takes a long while sometimes to liml out what a mail is good for. TIk! blue gingham umbrella has done heaps of good and saved man a bon net, but has never been embowered in poesy. Instead of fooling away in spiration on the lxj.ist.ly weather, somo oi too spriojo warmers might toss o a little melody now titld titUn io honor Of einnb merit. A medical Kinrnnl fills dovonil pagea witb solvation iuwlifabeio tr iiltf to (orphan wby it is that the poropntngo of bowleps ig uiflbt tiinck p.roator an ions; boys tlmn girlo. 1 op roodoti 0 iidduodow putoly NoiuntiuV, and alio. gnjth(tttflti'ifyino- to it rainrt a u loiauu t krovfiltj around io Search of bovbujtpo of a (wmioiou-sooio nature. Auy mafJUw- who ban oht turacd a bov'f' pockotn wranff nido out eon XJckw-mumm light on tui qucnioM Uuui iMfchu doefcdro. (Iiinaqo Ltigor. A Study of tho t'lunid. So Suropttun urmy has niiulo uutudy ojb tm oa-md, and tho ic,niranco of its aoupuVrs w fobid to tho boiuit, writer a camntpoiuiwnfc (if Tim Jionthn Tele iraipli. Iki roulioo of lio is directed, or Miiould bu, noon priociuhai m im irjutFislw iik tho laws tba $o?ero tho saW BViitni'D. Us PxiKtooou h. ull thi rigid furnmdit of & larud proeostf. To dhffosgtujino, JiHariiOgP & camel 1$ iv Hp oil it; to ittutlo it m to kill it. Spiyw, liver onmpJJot, btiiirt du;sf, ,aiv Hju rotolt (if U rpoTiUritlus io huun or ffabils; it bjoks up ulothoe oa dia.' uou.uul coadition. of life. You can oot work oo ol' Iohhu hoodie t death if you a?$b it in a pvopor wny. At itoytDiog- out of tho conuoon slnlvels it up destroys it. 1U Umid ity is of thA stupid mipeiMtitiuuti kind. Substaalial cansw fui' friftlM, suob no woOld ularra no iolclliftoat hrnc aro disregio'ded by tbo camel. Yot it will take night for an ruuxuo wbitordt", op next to imoe. Aod thoo, io; is always the ease with the unroitxiniftig, it jikah ts in a moftieot fnoa purplnxlty to panic. The only plan, tbjueforo, when convoying with camels throtiph an enemy's cgjintry is to hobble tho aniiuttls as soon as danger threatens. 'Mio moment the scouts fall back tho camels hhoulit be made to sit down and their legs should bo kneo-halterod ic such a way that they can not move, lot their tremor ho what It may. For oueo on their legs they are stampeded, nnd all attempts at ra'llyiny them aro as futilo as Irvine to coax a sand- storm to stop. 1 hia fact about hob bling took us soimV 'time to learn, but wo learuud it at last, and stampede is no longer among tho dangers upon which those who accompany tho con voys have to count. .leHoi'son'a Itirtlidiiy. Jefferson's birthday was lirst cele brated in Washington in 18110 by tho friends of John C. Calhoun, then a presidential aspirant. The Pennsyl vania delegation, thinking that there might bo "a eat under the moil," in sisted upon seeing a list of the toasts the duy prior to the celebration, and finding that they wero full of anti tariff' and uullllloutloii doctrines, they refused to attend and had it prlvato jollllication. This oroulod somu stir, and by wav of quieting matters, (Jen. Jackson recalled a sentiment which ho hud transmitted, substituting for it, "Our federal 11111011; it must bo pre served l" John Hiindolpli, of HoruoV.c, tho haughty descendant of I'outthoiitas, wrote to Col. Hontou, declining ;ui in vitation to this Initial Jefferson i.:ui cjuet, and proposing as a toast, "Tho principles which Mr. Jefferson brought into power, and wldeh brought him into power -th touchstone of tho old republican parly." Huston HmUjH. "Hooked." Judge "How did )ouooinoby tluuo luhf" I'rJKoiior "1 liookiid tlipni," Jmlw'u "What huyu you to say, Mr. Ollloer?" ),ollounMii"Ilo ati iliu truth, your Huiion t'W liuuk 'uuii ml 1 Jiidgu - "Thoit do yuu bring him herof 9m -u(oi Ucuwn DOMESTIC KCONOMY. In How Fish Culture tins Increased, end tbo Ucst Method for Kncournirlnff It. Uencr lU Industrial JtUcellnny. l'orirress In Flett Culture. Fish culture was undertaken in most parts of tliis country from necessity. In 110 part of tho world wero fish bet ter distributed. When tho country was discovered there was excellent lishing, not onlv all along tho coast of tho Atlantic, but in the numerous lakes, rivers, and small streams. In many places tho lirst settlers would Imvo perished during seasons when tho crops failed had it not been for tho liberal supply of fish. Shad wero so plenty in the rivers of somo of tho eastern states that they wero salted for use during tho times when thoy could not bo eaten in their fresh state. Dried cod, smoked her rings, and salt mackerel wero anion" the chief articles of food in town and country. They also took the phico of most or too condiments now m use. Did "dun" codlish was known as lake cod cheese" in all parts of tho coast. Smoked alcwives, or Eastport herrings, were employed in place of small coins in making change in coun try stores. Lobsters, clams, and oysters wero so plenty that thoy wero hauled aboulQind sold at a nominal price. Smells, eels, hake, bluefisli. and haddock afforded a variety to tlioso who lived larcolv on "the harvest of tho seas." Tho prosperity of Now Kuglaud at tho commencement of its history was largely duo to tho fish that fiiioplled the 'iieoolo with their irinoipal articles of food. Tho rivers emptying into tho ocean and all their tributaries, as well as fbj lakes that fed them, wero plenti fully supplied with lisli. Salmon wero soplentilul in many streams that the people were nblo to catch and cure them 111 largo quantities. All tho mountain streams and spring brooks were stocked witli trout. Tho lakes abounded witli pike, pickerel, bass. nnd per. The great lakes in tho west were full of trout and whitolish, and supplied the earlier settlers ol the iraines with cheap and excellent food, 'or many enrs no necessity was"eon for the artilical propagation, of fish or iijuiui iiMuumiiig mum 11 0111 ue.si ruc tion. Thoy wero caught in nets, somes, and other apparatus that wero tfie niosj easycto manage. Dams were erected across streams that prevented tho pa-sago of fish. In many places tlul Mnter of streams was polluted by tanneries, distilleries, ana lnovvoricli io that tho host variolic could not livo in ttieii. Tho supply of lisli Bud douly foil oil' in almost oil parts of tho eotiu 17 at niKwt tho s.iino tituo. Shad bcon)0 8i ensitly that mmo but tho wcalUn could cattbem. Balnioo ho cumo 10 uar!0 that thoy wmo ho.yond tbo rcuch of oj ocit porwioa. Kven muokoiol wiw oxponsiyo food, wbilo brook trout readily commanded 60 roots poriiuund io city tunrkoU. Kvon olaais ana lobsters took tlioir place nmooo tho wwtly luxuries of tho table. Although Obh-hrcodinn- was u tin mul ed bj a- few poidnn ot woulth and loinuro iDBoy oar ago, it hon only be nomo a mottor of oaooral iuliHost hineo tho formation of" tho Nutioaal Fij oidturo iissoclotiou. which hold iUlost unniial ou'Olinp; ut n osluogton durio" iiiu ui'dt uopk in tuo protfool ruoutii. This OtfMioiotioo ha addoil raillioiw f dollar, to tliu wealth of tho ouunt ry, nnd wo hnvo hut jiu,t bngan to dorivo tho full lionoDt of ila liiliurii. llhari worked in eiSnnciiion with tho nn- tioonl uuii ywrious uiato fish coraiuia- sums. It wo tHtfd ot too meeting at Washington that tho Oipoarfo of luuch ior wtillo-libh hod licou red unci i from WOO to fAD per million during lm ):ist ten yeaitf. Tho asuicialion lias sug gested most of tlie means that havo been odopted by stnte commissioners for the estflblishmuntof fislnvflys and tbo uionagemont of ha t'l)oric. It rneotumendod luaoy of tho bills that vPt'to poefsi'd by stotO leislotorni to? tb protoeliou of lib in inland iVotOf couihos. It liif. sugn;c8tBil the iotro ductiitu of tlio various voriotic of the (iOroiiin carp, wliicb oa undortaktu by tho national goveroment. Only a few years ago tlurty-fivo of thc.c lish wero brought tothis country aoi placed hi tho government (Kinds at Washington. Somo of their progeny aro now in every state and territory. Thoy have been sent to over 'J3,000 places, and it is estimated that there are now '.'OO, 000. 000 carp in tho coun try. Most of them aro stilt) small, which accounts for tho fact that they aro not In tho market. Tho United States commissioners havdistributeil about G00,00000 fish since 187l andQre prepared to send out l.'iO.Oyjl.iRW this year. Many of them havo been placed in wators where fish wero never known to exist before. Tho evperiuient was In a large number of instances suecessfiup German carp aro found to do 1)11 in the alkaline lakes and streams in Ari zona mid Now .Mexico, where no fisli hud previously existed. They also thrive in the artificial stock-ponds in Texas, Colorado, ami other places where fresh lish are difficult to obtain. The carp is singlularly adapted to the waters of the south, in which lish that do well in a cold cluuatodo not thrive. Local associations aro no dod to en courage lisli culture by means of bring I ni' a knowledge of the methods pur sued by experts before tho public. Vow peoplo'will attempt to start u hatchery, to construct a fish pond, or even to stock one If thoy havo no know led of the business except that derived from books and papers, it is with water farming as with land farming, Peo ple aoidro to see how a new operation is performed before they will engage in it themselves. Tho establishment of a now butchery or ariilioial lisli pond 111 u county will euiu.i many people to visit and and oo how it Is managed. The director of ooiinh tigiioutlunil MM'letiiiH could render lish culture prollliiblu by ouhlUliliif it brooding eUbUhinont 011 thwlr fair- K round, it would Iw a great hiiiho. uii at the MUiiual fair, hiu) hwlp mwoII ihu ttfoipt. It uuiild Im itfiulnr h) nuuuuMuiivv iuutUr w) Hrowd IllK iitll uuuld U uUltMUlwi fru ujf WMt (put lUimllHUil Uf Utf UUUiWkfHMt lioir axe puiidi- Tliu uilttr ul pt"jiuuu fur various kinds of fish raised In prlvato wators would cause many people to engage In tho business of fish culturo for tho sake of pleasure or profit. Tho protraction offish for food is as worthy of encouragoinent to an agricultural society as tho pioduction of field and garden crops that aro to bo used for tho same purpose. Chicago Times. Industrial Brevities. Thero is some improvement in the present over tho old way of making gnrden and cultivating tho crops. Very few now think of fencing in a plot of two hundred feet square and then going into it annually witli the. spado to dig it up and after planting) do all tho cultivating with tho hoe. Tho plan now is and tho bettor plan, too, and one that should bo generally' adopted, to select a plot long In shape, plow it up instead of spading it, break tho clods, if any, with the harrow instead (Of tho rake, plant tho, vegetables in rows instead of squares,: and cultivate with the horse cultiva-' tor, wheel-hoc, or other implements. ins'cad of tho hand-hoc. One of tho advantages is that a man does the work in an hour that took (Uys on the old plan. 1 4. A. Goodman, secretary of the Missouri Horticultural soeiet', recom mends setting tall-growing trees in the vicinity of buildings, to protect them from lightning. Tho branches of a tree aro as so many points conducting the electricity by tho trunk to tlio ground, and henco the more upright the trees grow tho better. Tlio Loinbardy pop lar would seem to bo a good stylo of free for this purposo, and much bettor than tlio broad-spreading oaks and 0I111Q If tall trees near buildings ciin nuu a constant supply 01 moisture 1:1 tho soil in which thoy grow, they will prove all the more perfect as lightning protectors. Trees will prove best sot on the northerly or westerly sides of buildings, or in tlio direction from which tlio showers usually tfnjvcl. Tew farmers seem to understand the value of stanchions in feeding calves. Thoy can be made very uhoap" ly out of any old boards lying" aro-md the farm, and save a world of time. Give each cajfx twenty inches space. Put a trough'4ii front, spaced oil" .so that each calf gets his share and no more. They will soon learn to have their heads in position at feeding time and you can fioden and feed a dozen in a, few minutes.' ' After; Mliey are done witli the milk, give a little ground teed or corn and turn tho whole lot into a yard where you have some uico hay in a rack. An experiment made at tlio Now York experiment station to do torniino distinctly tho ndvantogo gained by sprouting peas before plant ing, nn oporation ol'ton praetieod but not nicaoUi od. Tlio peas were sprout ed iu moist sand, and when I ho now shoots wore ovor half an inch in length thny wuro carefully planted. Aloog sido the row containing tho.10sprou.tcu pons tvas imolher row, planted wim uiiriproutnd acod at Inn uniuo tinjn. Tlio sprouted deed produced uhh Qc lor uso eight dnys before tbn oUion. Ono of tho Jarojoqt ranch sale? made for somo tituo has lust born roportml from Fort Worib, Tf.xnti. Tbo mlo is Mid to coiiipi iso I ho cotiro proporty of the Kapuoly Laoil and Cuttlo com pany, embracing 70,000 head of cattle and iO.trflft acres of loud. It goes to an Knclisii syndicate incorporated in London. Tho considceotioii is not yet known, but tho property i valued "ul iSil.M 10.000. Kmneh linkers nro making largo uo of vaseline in enfcn and other pastry. Its tidvivplauO oor lant or butter lien in tho fact that, howpvor stale tho pantry may lw, it will not become ran cid. The council of hygihno disap proves of the practice on tho ground thai Ihe derivative.- of petroleom con tain no nutriment. It ihwtf not sjty distinctly, however, that thoy aro in jurious to boa I tit. &ccu)dinr to the bulletin of tho So aiHyut Naturalists of ftloboow.tlio hitii eyjo noaia'ountablo dcstructioB ol'piuo forosU Ui cuiucd by tho ravac;( of a spObies of mushroom wliich tak(j growth on the surface of the wootiond Attorufjrd ponotnvtos and dt'titraya the trcO- IUau,s are given iu rbiclt tho patfc of the destroying loagus is traced through thji pine woods -if Russia. AMisstssippl paper says that thoro hits recently been a notiomblo growth iu the use of oottonwoou for tho man ufaoturo of furniture. Recently a steamer took 100,000 feet from that locality UL-'Cincinnati for furniture mitking purposes. Thero is a selvage of cottouwood all along tho Mississippi, 011 the bottoms below Cairo. Tlio Russian crop of wheat averages about 200,000.000 bushels per year, ibout one tiurd of which is usually ex ported. Tl ability of her inhabitants to subsist upon so small a proportion of her wheat crop is due to the fact that tho ryo crop avorages about 1500,000,000 bushels, about 10, 000.000 of which aro annually ex ported. Air, Jacob Trungcnwalt, of Phila delphia, has discovered that catlisli skins may be tanned into elegant and serviceable leather. His lirst experi ment was on a skin of a tish weighing about l(it) pounds. He lias now been engaged in the business for several years, and tinds it very profitable. A Virginia farmer recommends placing brush between tho riiiges in which sweet potatoos grow, to allow support for tho vines. Ho thinks better and larger tubers are produced when the vines got tho full Imnollt of tho sun, as they do when the) nro ruUinl from the giouu I. The farmer king of Alabama in llragg II. Comer, of Harbour county, lie rult.od tf.a.Vi lal as of itulloii lsl year, buiiltw a Urpw uinouiU ot eoni. lie has Iruui oiglit IhuiiMtud to ton thoiumid acre 111 oiluu aud mini 1I114 )iuir, and 11 op prutpoou wvr iibmii bwiior All I'aglUh hiirluulturit ltM (bit hi oiup ol tit Mudauf fruit U erllj ilerwWMd ittt liu iutfstod lii kltupilU HW'i di'll iliuli d In hit O til'i'ul til i'i li.iltl ,u. l j'l Ul4ll"U u biivltt 4 I I. . Kit U tt It pttrtd Mtn., Una A gMati UuuuUful UhNiUjT r'tll make a very decided improvement, both on pasture and meadow lands. Tho climato of Iowa is reported to be changing, because farming has re moved tall, dense prairie grass and dried up the ponds and reservoirs of water that formerly abounded. A Colorado paper states that tho ex periment of maintaining a cowboy hospital is being tried at Fort Kcttcr nian, supported by funds contributed by tho cowboys themselves. Delaware poach trees are covered with buds, aud hopes arc so high that over livo hundred now orchards havo keen planted this year iu the lower part of the peninsula. Russia and the United States aro said to bo tho only countries in tho world that have a sufficient number of horses for army purposes in caso of war. English nnd German houses havo established agencies in various parts Df Australia to purchase wool from tho sheep-raisers. Tlio Central Now Mexican Stock- Growers' association represents 100,000 head of catllc, valued at .?-,223,000. Finding One's Way 011 tlio Prairies. To find the way for yourself , to a now ranch across tlio piairie, or to drivo anywhere after dark, is a feat only at tempted by tho unwary. "Lovo will find out n way" through bolts and bars and parental interdiction; but Lovo itself would bo baffled on a praino, where tho whole umVorso stretches iu endless invitation, and where thero La absolutely "nothing to hinder" from going in anv direction that you plMisc. "Poller a kind of a blind" trail, one mile east and two milo south, "(-is tho kind of direction usually given In tlio vernacular; and so closely does 0110 cultivalo the powers Df observation in a country where a bush may be a feat uro of the landscape, and a tall sun llovycr a landmark, that 1 am tempted to copy verbatim tlio written directions cnt by a friend by which wo wore to Had our wa,y to her hospitable homo: "Cross thtrrivcr at the Howards1:' turn to tho right, and follow a dim trail till you come to the ploughed ground, which you follow to tlio topo' the hill. Follow tho road on the wes. lido of a corn field, and then a dim trail across tho piairie to a wire fence. iWieivou icavo me wire ioncc. go up a little hill and down a little hill, then up another till yju reach a road lead ing to tlio right", which angles across a section and leads into a road going south to Dr. Read's frame house with' a wall of sod about it. Through his door-jard, and then through sOmo com. Leave the road after" driving through tho corn, and angle to tho right to tho corner of another corn held. Take the road to the we-jt of thi& com and go .south, up a hill, an turn to tho right and follow a put,i road west; afterward south, p:tst Mr. Devcr'f ho)ni"tcad, a frame house on the right with a stone lioiiso unroofed. Sonth, post n corn field and ploughed land on tho right. Tlio road turns to the right, toward tho west, for a littler way, t lion sooth, then a short distunco east, and you reach tho guide-post, which is near a tlirift -looking farm owned by Mr. Urvnttt; a frame house, (torn licld, wheat stacKw, ami melon patch. At the cuido-piwt take tho road going south, with corn Held ou the right, till ou come to two roads. Follow tho right-hand road (a dim trail nt first) down tho hill, past some hity-olncks, to the Osagc-oratigo hedge. Jeollow that to the creek errSwing, then through the grovu of Huiillowers to a Sod house. Go through tho corn directly wet, following tho creek to tlio crossing rear our house." The distance was sixteen miles, but Wo took the letter witli us, and found tho Wfty witluntl tho slightest difficulty, though a little puzzled at lirst by iind mft that "at the Howards' " "meant anywhere within three utlos pf tho Howards-1. -Aftt$ Wellington llolmis, in JOirpers ifaijazinc for thine. ir Mi it Kansas I'MUrig. "Whttbaco yonr precautions against tiro?" Admetiis had asked a few days boloro. "Sucb ns will tlHiglit your honnoo p&tfjio soul," answertO tlio Enthusiast. A can of kerosene and a bundle of matches to set back fires with, though tho lire-guards of ploughed ground that youiiavo seen all roumPiho ranch aro tlio ounce of prevention, better titan any cure Then wo always keep a hogshead lull of water at the stable, ready for carting to tho spot." "A hogshead ot water! What good can a hogshead of water do against a prairie lire?" "Oh, we don't put it on with a hose, 1 assuio you. My imagination gasps at the conception of managing a prairie fire wWt a hose. Wo dip old blankets and old clothes in it, or boughs ot trees if we can get them, and beat tho Hredown with them." The Illustration followed soon. All day smoke had been drifting oyer C,r neiro, and at night-fall tho' scouts re tiorted that the whole force had bet tor be put ou. The "whole force" ut tho tnument consisted of about twenty men who had just coino In to supper, and who started at once in wagons and on horseback. Ponies wero or dered after dinner for tho entire ho uso hold, oven the ladies riding far enough to havo a view of the exciting sceuo. Thero were no tumbling walls or bhiz lug buildings, and there was no fear of lives being lost in upper stories; but thoro wore miles upon miles., acred upon acres, ot low grass burning liko a Ma of tire, while in tho twilight shadows could bo seen men galloping tlercely ou Mtifl points, while the slow wagons crept oaiiifully, lest the pro olotw tt ater Mioiild bo spilled, from every lioiuiwtoNd, oaoh with lU 0110 litiiul hognhcHd. It nueniiHl Im-rodl-do thai Mich n nut of tUu.e could oyer bo put out b) kiudi n handful of toi'kni'i Bud it ttiuuiii). iuddod, by (Mtoh imm' laboring illl) at hli own art uf lb grvl elreU, iruallug Uliudly liMt otltttr Muru at work mi lit utbwr tdt, uf couiw 11mm al mdii', ikm iho lurid m'vud dk i Mit du mi U t. li t hottjloit fcul.4. I ll'ti I t r t V I; ( . I(t f.'f JkI U Ut. it. ui . 1 1 . iMMaNf I l IM 11 . .1 . Hl4l ... .1 1. II.. tt l I 4 TORNADOEA Tho rormatlnn anil Apiiearance of Tornntlocs, and tho Premonitory Signs of lhclr Approach. Timo will only determine whether this will be a "good year" for torna does or not, says The Chicago Times. Tho destruction caused by them dur ing tho past few seasons has created much alarm in tho districts whero they have been the most frequent, and where thoy have resulted in causing tho loss of many lives and much valu able properly. The prevalence of tor nadoes iu somo places has made cau tious people reluctant to become resi dents of thorn, as no person wishes to locate in a place whero life and prop erty aro rendered insecure by tlio ac tion of tho olomotits. During tho past few seasons tho signal ollico of our war department bastinado a special study of tornadoes, and has endeav ored to collect all the facts attainable in relation to the places where they are most likely to occur, the condi tions of their formations, premonitory signs or llieir aopearaneo and the character of tornado clouds and mo tions. It has also made investigation iu relation to the best mcaus of nllbrd-' Ing protection from Ihein to life and property. All this information has boon compiled by Gen. Haves, chief signal-sorvlco oflicer, and published by tlie authority of tlio secretary of war. Following aro somo of the important facts sot forth in tlio report, which are of special interest to farmers and oth ers living in the country: In the United States "the terms 03--clonc, tornado, and hurricane aro fre quently interchanged in ordinary conversation, and in the minds of nine-tenths of tlio people these terms mean 0110 and tho same thing. Thts is not altogether surprising, consider ing tlie want of systematic instruction in accurate meteorological knowledge, and the general disposition of intelli gent minds to speculate about the weather. Put, in tact, tlio tornado of tho United States is a well-defined species of storm, dill'ering In many points from Iiurricaa.'s'qycloiies, and thunder-storms, and it is the only one that will now be considered. Omitting consideration of tho torna does, so called by Portugese and Span ish navigrtors on tlie African coast, and conliuing our attention to tliu United States, it is believed that these storms are possessed of t'lie following promiutjiit characteristics: Tlie gen oral diiection of movement of tho tor Rado is invariably trout a point in tlio southwest quadrant to a point 111 tlie northeast quadrant. The tornado cloud assumes tlie form of a funnel, the small end drawing near to, or rest ing upon, the earth. This cloud and tho air Irtmeath it revolve about a cen tral vertical axis witli inconceivable rapidity, and always in a direction contrary to tlio movement of th(j hands of a watch. Tho destructive violence of the storm is sometimes confined to a path a few yards in width, as when the small or tail end just touches tho earth; while, on tlie other hand, as the body of tlio cloud lowers more of it rests upon tlie earth, the violence in creases, and tlie path widens to tlio extreme limit of eighty rods. The tor Dad o, with iiardly an exception, occurs in the aiternoon, iii.it alter the Jiottust part of tlio day. The hour of greatest frequency is between U and 1 p. 111. Tornadoes very rarely, if ever, begin after 0 p. iu. A tornado commencing about 5- u. xri may continue its charac teristic violence "until nearly H p. m., which means, only, that tlio tornado cloud may bo traveling after (i p. 111., or after 1 p. 111.. but it does not de velop that is, make its appearance for tlio lirst time, after those hours. Out side of ti area of destruction, at times oven along the immediate edgj.', the smallest objects often remain undis turbed, although at a few yawls dis tance tlio largest and strongest build ings aro crushed to pieces. At aay point along tho storm s path, whore thoro is opDortuinty allonlert the tor pportuurt,! ml to (lis undo cloud to display its power, the disposition of the deoris presents un mistakable signs of an action of tlio wind, such as might bo called a rota tion, from the right through the front to tho left around tho center. The de structive potver of tlio wind increases steadily from tho circumference of tho storm to its ccftor. Observations with a single isolatod barometer will not indicate the ap proach of a tornado, however near tho position of tlie instrument to the path of tlie storm, dt such observations aro of value when a number are dis played on the daHj weather map. Tho tornado season is oinbraced between the Lst of April and the 1st of Septem ber. Tho mouths of greatest froquono3" are Juno and Jul)". Tnero are, how ovor, instances in a long soriosof yuars where tornadoes havo been reported iu every month of the year. Taking tho wholo United States together, it is found that tho region of groatosQiver age frequoiuy per year per squaro mile, embraces the following states: Georgia, Illinois. Indiiuia, Iowa, Kan sas, Missouri, Ohio. On tlio day of tho storm, and for several hours pretious to tho appear ance of the tornado cloud, what Indi cations of its probable formation and approach aro within tSe comprehension of an ordinary observer, aud can read ily be dotecte'd by him? A sultry, op pressive condition of tlie atmosphere, described by various observers as followed: "I really experienced a sickly sensation tinder the iutlueuco of the sun's rays," "I wits compelled to stop work 011 account of the "pecu liar exhaustion experienced from phy sical exertion." "It seemed us it tho lightest gtrinotits that I could put ou wore a burden to nie." "Thuro was tiot a lntmtli of air utirrlng." "Tim air. at times, intuit 111 pull', as from a hen tod furniuMj." ! ftdl a want uf hiotttk, tho Mir frequently HpMMtrlnif too raritlwl to brotu frvtdy," "I w fclrUd Hi lit JUddtm It Nil OOMlluilWii riM in lit tutfrmomeur, tutfUU ut luU feMIMMI ut till )r." "It MM twrrtbl) opprit , it mm m m if iu ftliMucphtfiv mm iiutiu-ll) h-t aud pr iiltf JuttU ' Uti ttllh Mt Ijjlil I'li'HIIl I I I. -t I till,. I.. J I K 1 11 tin i. I In ii.li . 1.. I . m 1. .i 1 1, ia 1. ii.ti t-i t . iliiii..3 Oil,. 1 Mjua iwtiulior MUifthou uf ilttf riott4i Ui i tho western horizon. Sometimes theso peculiar clouds extend from tbo south west through the west by tho north to the northwest. More frequently, how ever, they form in tho northwest aud southwest, sometimes commencing lirst in tho former quarter and then again in the latter, but in either case they aro equally significant. The marked pe culiarity of the clouds is found to occur not only in the form but in tho color and character of development. The sudden appearanco of ominous clouds, firgin the southwest and thoru almost immediately in the northwcsP or northeast (or perhaps reversed in tho order of their appearanco), gen erally attracts the attention of tho most casual observer. In almost all cases these premonitory clofids nro unlike any ordinary formation. If they aro light their appearance rcseiljbles smoke issuing fiom a burning build ing or straw stack, rolling upward in fantastic shapes to groat heights; sometimes they are liko a lino mist, or quite white liko fog or steam. Some persons describe tlioso light clouds as at times apparently iridescent or glow ing, as if a pale Whitish light issued from their irregular surfaces. If the premonitory clouds i"'c 'i:vk vni pre sent a deep greenish Into, this fairly' forbodes very great oril. So, also, if thoy appear jet black from tho cciit&c to circumference, or if this dcep-sct color appears only at tho center, grad ually diminishiiQ in Intensity as tho outer edges of the cloud of bank of clouds are approached. Sometimes these dark clouds, instead of appear ing in solid and heavy masses, roll tin lightly but still intensely black, liko tlie smoke front an engino or locomo tive burning soft coal. Thoy havo been described as of a purple of bluish tiiitfc, or at times possessed of a strange lividncss, or frequently dark green, and again of an inky blackness that farly startles 0110 witli its in sonsiiv. Another aud invariable sigtOof tlio tornado's approach is a heavy roaring, whioi) augments intensity as tlie tor nado-cloud advances. This roaring is compared to tlie passage of a heavily loaded freight train moving over a bridge or through a deep pa-s or tun nel, or as heard 011 damp mornings wlien the sound is very clear and loud. At times tlie roaring has been so vio lent that persons havo compared it to the simultaneous "rush of ton thou sand trains of cars." Again, the roar ing is likened to the low rumbling of distant thunder. The varying in tensity of tlio roar, as hero represen ted, is apparently due to tlifi lack ol) uniformity in the positions of tlio vari ous observors with respect to the ad vancing tornado cloud. Thoso situa ted nearest the cloud, other things be ing equal, experience the loudest roar, while to thoso at greater distanco tlio noise is proportionally weaker. In any ovept, however, tlio noise is suffi ciently peculiar and distinct to creato alarm", and as a means of warning should not be overlooked under 11113' pretext. q The tornado cloud is, generalh speaking, at its lir.st formation funnel shaped that is to sa-, it tapers front the top downward, not alwi's in tlio same degree witli every appearance of the cloud, but the lower end of it (the part nearest the earth) is invariably tlio smallest, and this, too, whatever may be tlie inclination of tlie central axis of the cloud to the vertical or plumb lint!. As seen in, different posi tions and stages of 'development 1)3' various" observers, located difforoiitty, the tornado cloud has been call ed "balloon-shaped, basket-shaped," q "egg-shaped," "trailing on tho ground like tho tail of an enormous kite;" "ot bulbous foiiu" "liko an elephant's trunk," etc. In tho majority of in stances, however, observers describe tlio cloud as appearing liko an up- ' right funnel. When tho small end of tlio cloud iust roaches to thu.oarth, tlio violence of its whirl eausosYt in peculiar- l)--foriuod cloud of dust and H110I3' divided debris, around which pl:i3' small gatherings of condensed vapor. To-appearances now, tho tornado cloud has two heads, one on the surface ot the earth and tlio other in the sky, the bodies of each joining in midair and tapering both was with tho smallest diameter at their "junction. In other words, the cloud now assumes the shapivf an hour-glass, and tho lower portion displaj's oxtrnordiuarj' de structive violence. This last and most fatal form of the tornado cloud Q.s fortunately not a constant feature of tho storm. Tho tornado cloud is constant- changing from tho hour-glass form to that of the upright, funnel, orO somo other intermediate shapa pre viously referred to. Tho various gra dations of form, not itny of which, however, atl'oet tho storootypod rela tion between tho size of top and bot tom, number somo twenty-fivo or thirty, so far as reliable information has boon secured upon this point. Tlie.se variations of form depend upon the peculiar movements of tlio whirl ing currents of air within and about the tornado cloud, the direction of tho currents being outlined to the 03 0 03 tho singular disposition of the rapidh' condensing masses of vapor. A Ueclprocal Spirit. "I can't find my tootli brash ai)3" whore," said a Cottage Hill young lady, looking all over tho house for the article. "I'll Ion1 you iniiio." accommodat ingly suggested the colored kltoiiun girl. "Oh, no, thanks!" replied the young lady turning awav. "Noti nuedn't "hub 110 combustion Rbout takln' it, miss," porsUtwd tho girl, "for I's usoit yours Munotlmoa when I oouldn't llnd mluo."-- 0ty Ikrrick. Tlio iJnoTrMttlr. 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