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About Corvallis gazette. (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1900-1909 | View Entire Issue (May 17, 1907)
treamery The covered milk pall shown In the Illustration is said to be absolutely dust and dirt proof. The top Is seven Inches In diameter. A shallow pan two inches deep fits tight In the top and is fastened there. A few holes one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter in the bottom of the pan near the center let the milk run through into the pail. The spout of the pall has a tight fit- CLOTH DUST PROOF MILK PAIL. ting cover. One or two thicknesses of trainer loth are slipped under the pan before it is fastened in place, and the result is a dust and dirt proof pai. The milk strikes the bottom of the pan, runs through the holes in the pan, through the strainer cloth and into the pall, where it is practically sealed from the outside conditions. It comes in Contact with the air of the barn only while it is passing from the teat to the pan, says the Montreal Herald. , Green Fodder Feed Rack. A handy thing to have around the dairy is the green fodder feed rack Shown in the illustration, and any dairyman can make one. The rack A HANDY FEED BACK. can be filled with fodder at the patch and wheeled to the barnyard. There it can be hung up against the fence by .1 1 1. 4.1 1 1 . . I .. 1 . 1 1 of three inch strips and cut the wheel from hard wood. The Clean Separator. A separator allowed to run gummy or dirty may wear out in a year. If kept free from dirt and well oiled, it will last several years. One of the ob jections urged against the separator has been that it would not be proper ly handled and that one or two years' service would wear the machine out Professor E. H. Webster, after visit ing several hundred farms and inspect ing as many machines, says that the farmers, as a whole, are taking much better care of their separators mechan ically than was anticipated. Machines have been noted that had seen several 1 years' service and were still practical ly as good as new. In a few instances careless operators had nearly worn a machine out in less than twelve months. The farmer never bought a machine before in the use of which he was so frequently and urgently re minded that he must take care of It Surrounding of Creameries. There is a movement in some parts of the country to improve the appear ance of the grounds of our creameries, says the Farmer's Review. The move ment should receive public support Around some of the creameries are to be found unsightly objects that take all of the romance out of butter mak ing. Above all things, banish the drains that are open to the air and permit the casein and the other decay able matter to become a source of of fense to the nostrils. Around some of the creameries have appeared flower beds and grassy lawns. The effect of these Is to Indirectly improve the con ditions under which the milk Is made and brought to the creameries. Consider the Individuals. The keeping of records of dairy cows may be viewed from two distinct standpoints that of the professional breeder who wishes to sell pure bred stock on their certified record of per formance and that of the ordinary dairyman who is selling milk. From a business point of view each dairy cow may be regarded as a sep arate department of one undertaking. It Is an elementary principle of sound business to take means of ascertaining that each department pays that is, that each single Individual cow gives a return large enough to pay for food, labor, etc., and leave a margin for profit Guessing at the total yield, it Will not avail. Memory Is too treach erous. The total production of the milking period must be calculated, so as to strike a balance with the total cost of the twelve months' feed and expense and ascertain the margin If any.' There are hundreds of cows on our dairy farms that fail to yield an an nual profit This is not creditable. National pride of our reputation as dairy country should spur farmers to Immediate improvement Kimball's fialrx Farmer. BEGINNING WITH SHEEP. Skill In Shepherding Is the Keynote ;,.-: to Success. Let me advise the beginner to start with a few sheep, says W. C. Coffey of the University of Illinois. Observe them closely and often and attempt to learn their natures. This more than anything else will, teach you how to manage them. Ton do not have to live with them; but as an old successful shepherd said, "The shadow of the shepherd should be over them." The anticipation of their ills and needs is the highest test of the shepherd's skill, and It is this that every beginner should set out to learn. The keynote to successful sheep hus bandry anywhere is skill in shepherd ing. Careful selection of foundation stock is all important. The ewes should be strong in constitution, healthy and active. By the term healthy we mean that they be free from such internal parasites as stomach worm, tape worm, etc. The farm that has not had sheep on It for a number of years is usually clean, and if the beginner introduces no infested sheep upon his farm he greatly reduces the chances of attacks from parasitic diseases. Active ewes with strong constitutions usually nurse well and impart rapid growth to the lambs, which is a very important fac tor in making lambs prime for an early market where they nearly always sell at fancy prices. One of the Best Crosses. One of the best crosses is to breed a good, pure bred ram of any of the Down breeds upon ewes having a strong infusion of Merino blood. Be sides weight of fleece the Merino also imparts hardiness, while the Down blood secures a carcass which meets with favor on the market Beware of indiscriminate crossing or the use of Inferior grade rams, because either method results in lack of uniformity and quality in the flock. Helping Out the Pastures. Aside from allotted pastures, the flock should have a chance occasionally at the neglected places. They enjoy cleaning up such corners. Rape and cowpeas or soy beans sown in the corn just before the last cultivation furnish excellent forage in early autumn for lambs retained for yearlings. Often the breeding ewes can be given a brief run upon this sowing to flush them in preparation for the breeding season. A small acreage of winter rye serves well to satisfy the ewes and lambs In early spring until the pasture grasses have reached sufficient growth for grazing. In winter feeding, if the grower has some leguminous hay, such as clover or cowpea hay, he may use the grain that is cheapest and easiest avaliable. The General Purpose Farm Horse. Many farmers get the idea that all they have to do is to breed their non descript mares to some leggy coach or hackney to get a general purpose farm horse. We have seen hundreds of colts from this kind of breeding and must say that not 5 per cent of them are even fair specimens of the general pur pose horse, while 50 per cent or more are failures from every point of view, writes a breeder in Denver Field and Farm. We have seen much better re sults when the coach stallion has been a finer and more compactly built one or when a hackney or American trot ter of compact, smooth, muscular type has been the sire. These observations lead to the conclusion that this latter plan is the surest one to bring some measure of success In producing a gen eral purpose farm horse. THE SWINEHERD. Have plenty of help in handling the heavy hogs. Hogs should be hung until thorough ly cooled out before handling or remov ing to the cellar. Figs showing signs of thumps should be stirred out of the nest Roots and vegetables, together with scraps from the house, should be given to the hogs. One of the best foods for young pigs is middlings, says the Farmers Advo cate. They will do well on it when mixed with water. If mixed with skim milk it is a better food, and whey is superior to water. Many breeders make the mistake of keeping the herd boar in a small, dirty pen and provide no yard for him to ex ercise in. He should have a strong pen and a yard of about an acre away from the rest of the herd. Pigs of abont the same age and size thrive best when confined In yards by themselves. They look better, feed better and sell better. A good rule to follow Is to make large yards and not confine the pigs on too small an area. Small or weak pigs can be nourished on the bottle, containing warm cow's milk with a little sugar added. Clean, disinfected yards help keep the cholera away. A good hog house means good hog business. Additional experiments at the To ronto experiment station confirm the results at the Vermont and other sta tions that for young and growing bogs slightly sour milk is a better feed than sweet Get the hogs to market when they are properly fitted. When they get heavy and do not eat readily they are fitted. When they get fat and up to a good weight gain or weight Is put on at an Increased cost Save your breeders from the sows that are the best mother. A quarantine pen is necessary on every farm where hogs are kept an& should be made tight Any new begs that come into the herd should be plac ed in tt and confined until an danger is NEW STRAWBERRIES. Two Are Immense Croppers and Strong Growing Plants. Greater progress has been made the last three or four years along the strawberry line than ever before. The Sample is about the only variety that holds its own, but from present indica tions even that berry will be set one side. The Cardinal, a pistillate vari ety like the Sample, just now is creat ing quite a sensation. The illustration here shown was taken from a cluster of last season and Is a correct like- THE CAEDDJAIi BTBAWBEEET. ness of the berry, not one of those over grown berries, but will average good size, an immense cropper and the most vigorous growing plant ever sent out. It will be a mortgage lifter, says an eastern grower in American Cultivator. Golden Gate is another new berry of great promise. This is a fancy berry, like the Marshallt only it is worth a dozen of it, being of fine quality and a good cropper. The Abington, sent out two years ago, has proved about what the orig inator claimed and is a safe berry to plant Another berry, the Dicky, that has not been put upon the market yet is a strong, staminate variety, an immense cropper, very firm, colors well and is a long season berry. I have no plants of it on my grounds, but as soon as I can I shall set largely of it Field Dodder. Dodder, or love vine, is a great ene my of alfalfa. It Is a parrfsitic vine growing on the stems and taking out the life and vitality of even the roots. The-, vine In twines itself about the ai falfa stems In great clusters and grows thriftily or small in exact proportion to the growth of alfalfa. When the alfalfa Is cut, this vine, appears in dry, hairy bunches about the stems. It is so repugnant to horses and cattle that it will not be eaten except as a last re sort before starvation. The best way to keep free from dodder is to buy only clean seed. In some cases farm ers use fanning mills and try to re clean the seed before sowing. If the plant gets started in a field, the best plan toxget rid of it is to scatter straw over the alfalfa stubble and burn the entire, field. This does not injure the alfalfa, but kills the dodder and other noxious weeds. Kimball's Dairy Farmer. Hen Manure For Crops. ' Hen manure gives good results on all crops, but probably best on such plants as make most of their growth above ground, like cabbage, corn or grass. Some great results, however, are reported with hen manure on po tatoes. We generally use it on garden crops and strawberries. The most ef fective use of this manure is, as we have often described, to crush it fine and mix with chemicals, such as muri ate of potash and acid phosphate. This makes a fair mixture for many crops. The hen manure Is richer in nitrogen than in potash and phosphoric acid, and these chemicals give it a good "balance." Rural New Yorker. Injurious to Trees. The most effective insecticide yet employed against the oyster Bhell bark louse during the dormant period of the tree is the lime sulphur, or lime sulphur salt wash. An application of this wash dur ing the latter part of March or first weeks in April, followed in the case of badly Infested trees by -a sec ond application before the buds have swollen much, will gen erally suffice to eradicate the scale. Such treatment is also effective in destroying the OTSTEB shell bark LOUSK. apple scab fungous spores. The oyster shell bark louse Is readily distinguish able from other scale Insects by its elongated, rather slender curved form, being about one-eighth inch in length. Joseph It. Hills, Vermont Orchards In Grass. ' , The majority of good apple orchards nowaday are In cultivation. The old fashioned plan of seeding the orchard down to grass Is In disfavor. Still there are some exceptional cases n which apples do fairly well or even better than that while growing ia sod, F. A. Waugh In Gardening. .--.T cold feet:" This Trouble la Due to Defective Cir culation of the Blood. . Many k persona are seldom 'really comfortable as regards their 'feet, except perhaps in midsummer. Their feet are.alwavs cold, not only during the day, but also at night, especially when in bed.. Associated with this condition we often find chilblains not so frequently in this country as in England, yet often enough to warrant a few words re garding their prevention and cure. Persistently cold feet are due to defective circulation. There is a lack of tone in the blood vessels or a weakness in the contractile force of the heart, which results in a semi stagnation in the outlying parts of the body. The sufferer from cold feet usually has cold hands a3 well and is in danger of having his ears frostbitten on a stinging cold day if he does not keep them well rubbed or protected by ear mitts. One who is troubled with this condition should have the feet well protected by stout shoes with thick soles, which will keep out the mois ture, and if the feet have been wet there should be no delay in changing shoes and stoqkings on returning home. Overshoes may be worn on cold and snowy days, but rubbers should be avoided, except the kind that cover only the soles of the shoes, which are sometimes neces sary, since waterproof soles are un fortunately seldom found on the ordinary shoe. Better, however, than protecting the feet by extra covering is treat ment directed to improving the lo cal and general circulation. The best local treatment is by means of water. Night and morning the feet should he immersed in hot water for a minute, then plunged into cold water the colder the better kept there while one counts ten slowly and then rubbed briskly . with a coarse towel until they are thor oughly dry. They should then be stroked for a minute or two, with the hands pressed firmly against the skin, in an upward direction. This treatment should be kept up for a long time a year or two if neces sary, until the tone of the vessels is restored. As the condition is one of faulty general circulation, general treat ment should also be instituted. In deed habitually cold feet and hands constitute a danger signal. The suf ferers are in a condition of weak resistance and are especially prone to become consumptive. Fatty foods are usually required, especially but ter and cream. If the simple uses of water that have been indicated and changes in diet do not overcome the tendency a physician should be consulted, for there is a constitutional fault that calls for remedy. Youth's Compan ion. The Tactful Woman. A fashionably attired young wo man seated between two strange men in a Sixth avenue elevated car started suddenly, felt thrice in her muff, rose and looked at the seat, then anxiously scanned the floor. "Anything wrong, madam P" one of the men asked. "Yes; I've lost my purse," the young woman snapped. "I'm sure I had it when I entered the car." And she fixed the men on either side of her alternately with a stare. Both flushed and hastened to aid in a vain search. "Well, it's very queer," the vic tim exclaimed. "Now I'll have to go back." She left the train at the next sta tion, and. two wholly innocent and reputable citizens " rode on down town, each wondering if the other was a thief. New York Globe. A Pious Reason. "Shure and you have turned very industrious lately, Mr. Finnigan," said Mr. Flaherty. "That I have," replied Mr. Finni gan. "I was up before the magis trate last week for assaulting Cas sidy, and the magistrate said that if I came back on the same charge he would' fine me $10." "Did he, though ?" said Mr. Fla herty. "And so you're working hard so as to keep your hands off Cas sidy?" "No, bedad, I'm not," said Finni gan. 'Tm working hard to make up the $10 for the fine." London Tatler. The Collegian's Retort. AfoTnliDTa nf class in Cambridge had been rather flippant in regard ; V...4.1 A o to some pompous uliluui i l y , uu ; fellow was eulogizing him. Said he : "You are probably ignorant, young gentlemen, that the venerable per son of whom you have been speak ing with such levity is one of the profoundest scholars of our age indeed, it may be doubted whether ' any man of our age has bathed more ! deeply in the sacred fountains of "Or come up drier, sir," was tbe reply of the undergraduate. "Bc ollections of Aubrey de Vm," CONDENSED STORIES. When Senator Foraker'a Courtesy We . Tried to the Lim. ? Senator Joseph Benson Foraker of OhiOi who is very much in the limelight just now, is noted for his courteous treatment of newspaper, men. He is particularly kind to young reporters and often puts him self out to assist them in obtaining material for "copy." Out at the Eepublican national convention at St. Louis in 1896, however, the sen- . ior Ohio senator had his patience sorely tried by an unusually raw re porter. The senator and the members of his party reached the Mound City late at night and went to their rooms immediately upon their ar rival at the hotel. They were all hot, dirty aad tired and consequent ly not in the best of humor, but nev ertheless Mr. Foraker consented to receive a reporter who sent up his WHO IS HALSTEAD?" card. A very young man appeared, who immediately produced a for midable looking notebook and pen cil. "lou are from Ohio?" he said briskly. Mrv Foraker admitted the charge. "Your name, please." Then, upon being told, he added, "How do you spell it?" The Ohio senator smiled a weary smile, but patiently spelled out his name. "Mr. Foraker," said the scribe, "who is Ohio's candidate for vice president ?" "Young man," was the reply, "Ohio has no candidate for vice president. We have a candidate for president, William McKinley by name, and we expect to see him nominated. The constitution, you know, says that the president and vice president must not be from the same state." "Oh." "I will give you the names of the members of our party," Mr. Foraker resumed wearily. "Charles Emory Smith." "Who is he?" "You ought to know him. He is the editor of the Philadelphia Press, the leading Eepublican newspaper of the east," said the Ohio senator. "Next put down Murat Halstead of Cincinati." "Who is Halstead?" This was the last straw. "Oh, he's a bricklayer," said Mr. Foraker in disgust. "Young- man, I am go ing to bed. Good night." Washr ington Post. "1 A John D. Rockefeller Yarn. Mr. Eockef eller is something of a dialect expert, and some of the sto ries he regaled us with were of the Hibernian, German and southern type, writes Victor A. Watson in the New York American. One of the former was : "An old lady went to a haber dashery and called for a 'craveif (cravat). The clerk said he thought she meant a necktie and directed her to the next counter. "'Oi want a craveit for me hus band said she to the second clerk. " 'Don't you mean a necktie ?' " 'Sure, an' thot's phwat Oi sed.' " W ell, I'll recommend this beau tiful green one for you. Your hus band will like it. " 'Sure, an' me husband will have no choice i' th'. matther. He's a corpse.' " Before Longfellow Died. The breeziest reminiscence of Longfellow is this extract from one of the poet's letters which his grandson has been reading in pub lic: "As I was standing at my front door this morning a lady in black came up and asked, Is this the house where Longfellow was born?' " 'No, he was not born here.' "Did he die here 2" ; "Not yet.' " 'Are you Longfellow? 1 am utl thought you died two yetw a6 " BostoQ Herald. -fefete;. a FEMININE SMOKERS.' Ways of Women Who Indulge In the Tobacco Habit. It is interesting to notice the dif ferent ways in which cigarettes, ci gars and pipes are held by people. The writer has traveled a great deal in different parts of the world dur ing the past eight years' and has had a very good opportunity to observe the customs of smokers in Cuba, the land where the ladies smoke, as they do in the Philippines. The Filipino and the Cuban like to smoke. No matter how poor, he or she always has a supply of cigarettes to smoke. As the ladies and chil dren smoke, too, one can observe some delicate hands supporting cigars and cigarettes. While the ladies do not, as a rule, smoke pipes in the Isle de Cuba or the islands of the southern Pacific ocean, you can see the pipe in serv ice in the grasp of females now and then. But the ladies of Spanish origin of Cuba are unique in the man aging of the cigars and cigarettes. They always act as if they thought the gentlemen were observing the manner in which they hold their cigarettes. They like to assume that they are old hands at it. They are pleased to make a good impres sion upon the visitor. The ladies of Cuba do not all smoke. There are many Spanish and Cuban ladies who would never think of handling either the cigar, the cigarette or the pipe. The Amer ican and ladies of other nationali ties in Cuba very seldom smoke. But there are certain classes of na tive born ladies who smoke a great deal. They are pleased to begin the morning duties with smoking and to finish off the afternoon with a cigarette. Toward the final hours of the night, before retiring, they smoke. Some fall asleep smoking, and' the servant has to look out for the cinders to prevent the bed clothes taking fire. Some chew a cigarette in their dreams. The men of Cuba are great smokers, as are all people in the tropics. United States Tobacco Journal. The Boy and the Lawyer. In the incident related below a boy of twelve years old conquered a smart and shrewd lawyer fighting for a bad case. Walter was an important witness, and one of the lawyers, after cross questioning him severely, said : "Your father has been talking to you and telling you how to testify, hasn't he?" "Yes," said the boy. "Now," said the lawyer, "just tell me how your father told you to tes tify." "Well," said the boy modestly, "father told me that the lawyers would try and tangle me, but if I would just be careful and tell the truth I could tell the same every time." The lawyer didn't try to tangle up that boy any more. Massachu setts Plowman. Egyptian Draughts. The ancient Egyptians played a game somewhat like chess. It was called draughts. The two players sat on the ground or on chairs, and the pieces, or men, arranged at ei ther end of the table, moved proba bly on a checkered board, as in modern chess. Egyptian representa tions of the game, always being given in profile, do not show either the exact appearance of the board or the number of squares the same contained. The game was very pop ular both in the homes of the poor and in the mansions of the rich. Even Eameses is portrayed on the walls of his palace at Thebes engag ed in playing the game. Circle Magazine. An Oriental Story. There is an oriental story of two brothers, Ahmed and Omar. Both wished to perform a deed whose memory should not fail, but which might sound their name and praises. Omar, with wedge and rope, lifted an obelisk oh its base, carving its form in beautiful devices and sculp turing many a strange inscription on its sides. He set it in the hot desert to cope with its gales. Ah med, with deeper wisdom and truer though sadder heart, dug a well to cheer the sandy waste and planted about it tall date palms to make cool shade for the thirsty pilgrim and to shake down fruits for his hunger. Bird's Nest of Five Tons. The largest birds' nests are to be found in Australia. The Austra lian jungle fowl build for nests great mounds 15 feet in height and 125 to 150 feet in circumference. Grass, leaves and other vegetable matter are used in the construction of the nests, which easily weigh a ton. The Australian brush turkeys, working in colonies, build pyramidal nests even larger. One of these nests on being removed filled seven carts, and its total weight was five tons. St. Look Olobe-Democrat.