treamery
The covered milk pall shown In the
Illustration is said to be absolutely
dust and dirt proof. The top Is seven
Inches In diameter. A shallow pan
two inches deep fits tight In the top
and is fastened there. A few holes
one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter in
the bottom of the pan near the center
let the milk run through into the pail.
The spout of the pall has a tight fit-
CLOTH
DUST PROOF MILK PAIL.
ting cover. One or two thicknesses of
trainer loth are slipped under the
pan before it is fastened in place, and
the result is a dust and dirt proof pai.
The milk strikes the bottom of the pan,
runs through the holes in the pan,
through the strainer cloth and into the
pall, where it is practically sealed from
the outside conditions. It comes in
Contact with the air of the barn only
while it is passing from the teat to the
pan, says the Montreal Herald.
, Green Fodder Feed Rack.
A handy thing to have around the
dairy is the green fodder feed rack
Shown in the illustration, and any
dairyman can make one. The rack
A HANDY FEED BACK.
can be filled with fodder at the patch
and wheeled to the barnyard. There it
can be hung up against the fence by
.1 1 1. 4.1 1 1 . . I .. 1 . 1 1
of three inch strips and cut the wheel
from hard wood.
The Clean Separator.
A separator allowed to run gummy
or dirty may wear out in a year. If
kept free from dirt and well oiled, it
will last several years. One of the ob
jections urged against the separator
has been that it would not be proper
ly handled and that one or two years'
service would wear the machine out
Professor E. H. Webster, after visit
ing several hundred farms and inspect
ing as many machines, says that the
farmers, as a whole, are taking much
better care of their separators mechan
ically than was anticipated. Machines
have been noted that had seen several 1
years' service and were still practical
ly as good as new. In a few instances
careless operators had nearly worn a
machine out in less than twelve
months. The farmer never bought a
machine before in the use of which
he was so frequently and urgently re
minded that he must take care of It
Surrounding of Creameries.
There is a movement in some parts
of the country to improve the appear
ance of the grounds of our creameries,
says the Farmer's Review. The move
ment should receive public support
Around some of the creameries are to
be found unsightly objects that take
all of the romance out of butter mak
ing. Above all things, banish the
drains that are open to the air and
permit the casein and the other decay
able matter to become a source of of
fense to the nostrils. Around some of
the creameries have appeared flower
beds and grassy lawns. The effect of
these Is to Indirectly improve the con
ditions under which the milk Is made
and brought to the creameries.
Consider the Individuals.
The keeping of records of dairy cows
may be viewed from two distinct
standpoints that of the professional
breeder who wishes to sell pure bred
stock on their certified record of per
formance and that of the ordinary
dairyman who is selling milk.
From a business point of view each
dairy cow may be regarded as a sep
arate department of one undertaking.
It Is an elementary principle of sound
business to take means of ascertaining
that each department pays that is,
that each single Individual cow gives a
return large enough to pay for food,
labor, etc., and leave a margin for
profit Guessing at the total yield, it
Will not avail. Memory Is too treach
erous. The total production of the
milking period must be calculated, so
as to strike a balance with the total
cost of the twelve months' feed and
expense and ascertain the margin If
any.'
There are hundreds of cows on our
dairy farms that fail to yield an an
nual profit This is not creditable.
National pride of our reputation as
dairy country should spur farmers to
Immediate improvement Kimball's
fialrx Farmer.
BEGINNING WITH SHEEP.
Skill In Shepherding Is the Keynote
;,.-: to Success.
Let me advise the beginner to start
with a few sheep, says W. C. Coffey
of the University of Illinois. Observe
them closely and often and attempt to
learn their natures. This more than
anything else will, teach you how to
manage them. Ton do not have to live
with them; but as an old successful
shepherd said, "The shadow of the
shepherd should be over them." The
anticipation of their ills and needs is
the highest test of the shepherd's skill,
and It is this that every beginner
should set out to learn.
The keynote to successful sheep hus
bandry anywhere is skill in shepherd
ing. Careful selection of foundation
stock is all important. The ewes should
be strong in constitution, healthy and
active. By the term healthy we mean
that they be free from such internal
parasites as stomach worm, tape worm,
etc. The farm that has not had sheep
on It for a number of years is usually
clean, and if the beginner introduces
no infested sheep upon his farm he
greatly reduces the chances of attacks
from parasitic diseases. Active ewes
with strong constitutions usually nurse
well and impart rapid growth to the
lambs, which is a very important fac
tor in making lambs prime for an early
market where they nearly always sell
at fancy prices.
One of the Best Crosses.
One of the best crosses is to breed a
good, pure bred ram of any of the
Down breeds upon ewes having a
strong infusion of Merino blood. Be
sides weight of fleece the Merino also
imparts hardiness, while the Down
blood secures a carcass which meets
with favor on the market Beware of
indiscriminate crossing or the use of
Inferior grade rams, because either
method results in lack of uniformity
and quality in the flock.
Helping Out the Pastures.
Aside from allotted pastures, the
flock should have a chance occasionally
at the neglected places. They enjoy
cleaning up such corners. Rape and
cowpeas or soy beans sown in the corn
just before the last cultivation furnish
excellent forage in early autumn for
lambs retained for yearlings. Often
the breeding ewes can be given a brief
run upon this sowing to flush them in
preparation for the breeding season. A
small acreage of winter rye serves
well to satisfy the ewes and lambs In
early spring until the pasture grasses
have reached sufficient growth for
grazing. In winter feeding, if the
grower has some leguminous hay, such
as clover or cowpea hay, he may use
the grain that is cheapest and easiest
avaliable.
The General Purpose Farm Horse.
Many farmers get the idea that all
they have to do is to breed their non
descript mares to some leggy coach or
hackney to get a general purpose farm
horse. We have seen hundreds of colts
from this kind of breeding and must
say that not 5 per cent of them are
even fair specimens of the general pur
pose horse, while 50 per cent or more
are failures from every point of view,
writes a breeder in Denver Field and
Farm. We have seen much better re
sults when the coach stallion has been
a finer and more compactly built one
or when a hackney or American trot
ter of compact, smooth, muscular type
has been the sire. These observations
lead to the conclusion that this latter
plan is the surest one to bring some
measure of success In producing a gen
eral purpose farm horse.
THE SWINEHERD.
Have plenty of help in handling the
heavy hogs.
Hogs should be hung until thorough
ly cooled out before handling or remov
ing to the cellar.
Figs showing signs of thumps should
be stirred out of the nest
Roots and vegetables, together with
scraps from the house, should be given
to the hogs.
One of the best foods for young pigs
is middlings, says the Farmers Advo
cate. They will do well on it when
mixed with water. If mixed with skim
milk it is a better food, and whey is
superior to water.
Many breeders make the mistake of
keeping the herd boar in a small, dirty
pen and provide no yard for him to ex
ercise in. He should have a strong pen
and a yard of about an acre away from
the rest of the herd.
Pigs of abont the same age and size
thrive best when confined In yards by
themselves. They look better, feed
better and sell better.
A good rule to follow Is to make
large yards and not confine the pigs on
too small an area.
Small or weak pigs can be nourished
on the bottle, containing warm cow's
milk with a little sugar added.
Clean, disinfected yards help keep the
cholera away.
A good hog house means good hog
business.
Additional experiments at the To
ronto experiment station confirm the
results at the Vermont and other sta
tions that for young and growing bogs
slightly sour milk is a better feed than
sweet
Get the hogs to market when they
are properly fitted. When they get
heavy and do not eat readily they are
fitted. When they get fat and up to a
good weight gain or weight Is put on
at an Increased cost
Save your breeders from the sows
that are the best mother.
A quarantine pen is necessary on
every farm where hogs are kept an&
should be made tight Any new begs
that come into the herd should be plac
ed in tt and confined until an danger is
NEW STRAWBERRIES.
Two Are Immense Croppers and Strong
Growing Plants.
Greater progress has been made the
last three or four years along the
strawberry line than ever before. The
Sample is about the only variety that
holds its own, but from present indica
tions even that berry will be set one
side. The Cardinal, a pistillate vari
ety like the Sample, just now is creat
ing quite a sensation. The illustration
here shown was taken from a cluster
of last season and Is a correct like-
THE CAEDDJAIi BTBAWBEEET.
ness of the berry, not one of those over
grown berries, but will average good
size, an immense cropper and the most
vigorous growing plant ever sent out.
It will be a mortgage lifter, says an
eastern grower in American Cultivator.
Golden Gate is another new berry of
great promise. This is a fancy berry,
like the Marshallt only it is worth a
dozen of it, being of fine quality and a
good cropper.
The Abington, sent out two years
ago, has proved about what the orig
inator claimed and is a safe berry to
plant
Another berry, the Dicky, that has
not been put upon the market yet is a
strong, staminate variety, an immense
cropper, very firm, colors well and is
a long season berry. I have no plants
of it on my grounds, but as soon as I
can I shall set largely of it
Field Dodder.
Dodder, or love vine, is a great ene
my of alfalfa. It Is a parrfsitic vine
growing on the stems and taking out
the life and vitality of even the roots.
The-, vine In twines itself about the ai
falfa stems In great clusters and grows
thriftily or small in exact proportion
to the growth of alfalfa. When the
alfalfa Is cut, this vine, appears in dry,
hairy bunches about the stems. It is
so repugnant to horses and cattle that
it will not be eaten except as a last re
sort before starvation. The best way
to keep free from dodder is to buy
only clean seed. In some cases farm
ers use fanning mills and try to re
clean the seed before sowing. If the
plant gets started in a field, the best
plan toxget rid of it is to scatter straw
over the alfalfa stubble and burn the
entire, field. This does not injure the
alfalfa, but kills the dodder and
other noxious weeds. Kimball's Dairy
Farmer.
Hen Manure For Crops. '
Hen manure gives good results on
all crops, but probably best on such
plants as make most of their growth
above ground, like cabbage, corn or
grass. Some great results, however,
are reported with hen manure on po
tatoes. We generally use it on garden
crops and strawberries. The most ef
fective use of this manure is, as we
have often described, to crush it fine
and mix with chemicals, such as muri
ate of potash and acid phosphate.
This makes a fair mixture for many
crops. The hen manure Is richer in
nitrogen than in potash and phosphoric
acid, and these chemicals give it a
good "balance." Rural New Yorker.
Injurious to Trees.
The most effective insecticide yet
employed against the oyster Bhell bark
louse during the dormant period of
the tree is the lime sulphur, or lime
sulphur salt wash. An application of
this wash dur
ing the latter
part of March
or first weeks in
April, followed
in the case of
badly Infested
trees by -a sec
ond application
before the buds
have swollen
much, will gen
erally suffice to
eradicate the
scale. Such
treatment is
also effective in
destroying the
OTSTEB shell bark
LOUSK.
apple scab fungous spores. The oyster
shell bark louse Is readily distinguish
able from other scale Insects by its
elongated, rather slender curved form,
being about one-eighth inch in length.
Joseph It. Hills, Vermont
Orchards In Grass. '
, The majority of good apple orchards
nowaday are In cultivation. The old
fashioned plan of seeding the orchard
down to grass Is In disfavor. Still
there are some exceptional cases n
which apples do fairly well or even
better than that while growing ia sod,
F. A. Waugh In Gardening.
.--.T cold feet:"
This Trouble la Due to Defective Cir
culation of the Blood.
. Many k persona are seldom 'really
comfortable as regards their 'feet,
except perhaps in midsummer.
Their feet are.alwavs cold, not only
during the day, but also at night,
especially when in bed.. Associated
with this condition we often find
chilblains not so frequently in this
country as in England, yet often
enough to warrant a few words re
garding their prevention and cure.
Persistently cold feet are due to
defective circulation. There is a
lack of tone in the blood vessels or
a weakness in the contractile force
of the heart, which results in a semi
stagnation in the outlying parts of
the body. The sufferer from cold
feet usually has cold hands a3 well
and is in danger of having his ears
frostbitten on a stinging cold day if
he does not keep them well rubbed
or protected by ear mitts.
One who is troubled with this
condition should have the feet well
protected by stout shoes with thick
soles, which will keep out the mois
ture, and if the feet have been wet
there should be no delay in changing
shoes and stoqkings on returning
home. Overshoes may be worn on
cold and snowy days, but rubbers
should be avoided, except the kind
that cover only the soles of the
shoes, which are sometimes neces
sary, since waterproof soles are un
fortunately seldom found on the
ordinary shoe.
Better, however, than protecting
the feet by extra covering is treat
ment directed to improving the lo
cal and general circulation. The
best local treatment is by means of
water. Night and morning the feet
should he immersed in hot water
for a minute, then plunged into cold
water the colder the better kept
there while one counts ten slowly
and then rubbed briskly . with a
coarse towel until they are thor
oughly dry. They should then be
stroked for a minute or two, with
the hands pressed firmly against the
skin, in an upward direction. This
treatment should be kept up for a
long time a year or two if neces
sary, until the tone of the vessels
is restored.
As the condition is one of faulty
general circulation, general treat
ment should also be instituted. In
deed habitually cold feet and hands
constitute a danger signal. The suf
ferers are in a condition of weak
resistance and are especially prone
to become consumptive. Fatty foods
are usually required, especially but
ter and cream.
If the simple uses of water that
have been indicated and changes in
diet do not overcome the tendency
a physician should be consulted, for
there is a constitutional fault that
calls for remedy. Youth's Compan
ion. The Tactful Woman.
A fashionably attired young wo
man seated between two strange
men in a Sixth avenue elevated car
started suddenly, felt thrice in her
muff, rose and looked at the seat,
then anxiously scanned the floor.
"Anything wrong, madam P" one
of the men asked.
"Yes; I've lost my purse," the
young woman snapped. "I'm sure
I had it when I entered the car."
And she fixed the men on either
side of her alternately with a stare.
Both flushed and hastened to aid
in a vain search.
"Well, it's very queer," the vic
tim exclaimed. "Now I'll have to
go back."
She left the train at the next sta
tion, and. two wholly innocent and
reputable citizens " rode on down
town, each wondering if the other
was a thief. New York Globe.
A Pious Reason.
"Shure and you have turned very
industrious lately, Mr. Finnigan,"
said Mr. Flaherty.
"That I have," replied Mr. Finni
gan. "I was up before the magis
trate last week for assaulting Cas
sidy, and the magistrate said that if
I came back on the same charge he
would' fine me $10."
"Did he, though ?" said Mr. Fla
herty. "And so you're working hard
so as to keep your hands off Cas
sidy?" "No, bedad, I'm not," said Finni
gan. 'Tm working hard to make
up the $10 for the fine." London
Tatler.
The Collegian's Retort.
AfoTnliDTa nf class in Cambridge
had been rather flippant in regard ;
V...4.1 A o
to some pompous uliluui i l y , uu ;
fellow was eulogizing him. Said he :
"You are probably ignorant, young
gentlemen, that the venerable per
son of whom you have been speak
ing with such levity is one of the
profoundest scholars of our age
indeed, it may be doubted whether '
any man of our age has bathed more !
deeply in the sacred fountains of
"Or come up drier, sir," was tbe
reply of the undergraduate. "Bc
ollections of Aubrey de Vm,"
CONDENSED STORIES.
When Senator Foraker'a Courtesy We
. Tried to the Lim. ?
Senator Joseph Benson Foraker
of OhiOi who is very much in the
limelight just now, is noted for his
courteous treatment of newspaper,
men. He is particularly kind to
young reporters and often puts him
self out to assist them in obtaining
material for "copy." Out at the
Eepublican national convention at
St. Louis in 1896, however, the sen-
. ior Ohio senator had his patience
sorely tried by an unusually raw re
porter. The senator and the members of
his party reached the Mound City
late at night and went to their
rooms immediately upon their ar
rival at the hotel. They were all
hot, dirty aad tired and consequent
ly not in the best of humor, but nev
ertheless Mr. Foraker consented to
receive a reporter who sent up his
WHO IS HALSTEAD?"
card. A very young man appeared,
who immediately produced a for
midable looking notebook and pen
cil. "lou are from Ohio?" he said
briskly. Mrv Foraker admitted the
charge.
"Your name, please." Then, upon
being told, he added, "How do you
spell it?"
The Ohio senator smiled a weary
smile, but patiently spelled out his
name.
"Mr. Foraker," said the scribe,
"who is Ohio's candidate for vice
president ?"
"Young man," was the reply,
"Ohio has no candidate for vice
president. We have a candidate for
president, William McKinley by
name, and we expect to see him
nominated. The constitution, you
know, says that the president and
vice president must not be from the
same state."
"Oh."
"I will give you the names of the
members of our party," Mr. Foraker
resumed wearily.
"Charles Emory Smith."
"Who is he?"
"You ought to know him. He is
the editor of the Philadelphia Press,
the leading Eepublican newspaper
of the east," said the Ohio senator.
"Next put down Murat Halstead
of Cincinati."
"Who is Halstead?"
This was the last straw. "Oh,
he's a bricklayer," said Mr. Foraker
in disgust. "Young- man, I am go
ing to bed. Good night." Washr
ington Post. "1
A John D. Rockefeller Yarn.
Mr. Eockef eller is something of a
dialect expert, and some of the sto
ries he regaled us with were of the
Hibernian, German and southern
type, writes Victor A. Watson in
the New York American. One of
the former was :
"An old lady went to a haber
dashery and called for a 'craveif
(cravat). The clerk said he thought
she meant a necktie and directed
her to the next counter.
"'Oi want a craveit for me hus
band said she to the second clerk.
" 'Don't you mean a necktie ?'
" 'Sure, an' thot's phwat Oi sed.'
" W ell, I'll recommend this beau
tiful green one for you. Your hus
band will like it.
" 'Sure, an' me husband will have
no choice i' th'. matther. He's a
corpse.' "
Before Longfellow Died.
The breeziest reminiscence of
Longfellow is this extract from one
of the poet's letters which his
grandson has been reading in pub
lic: "As I was standing at my front
door this morning a lady in black
came up and asked, Is this the
house where Longfellow was born?'
" 'No, he was not born here.'
"Did he die here 2" ;
"Not yet.'
" 'Are you Longfellow?
1 am
utl thought you died two yetw
a6 " BostoQ Herald. -fefete;.
a
FEMININE SMOKERS.'
Ways of Women Who Indulge In the
Tobacco Habit.
It is interesting to notice the dif
ferent ways in which cigarettes, ci
gars and pipes are held by people.
The writer has traveled a great deal
in different parts of the world dur
ing the past eight years' and has had
a very good opportunity to observe
the customs of smokers in Cuba,
the land where the ladies smoke, as
they do in the Philippines. The
Filipino and the Cuban like to
smoke. No matter how poor, he or
she always has a supply of cigarettes
to smoke. As the ladies and chil
dren smoke, too, one can observe
some delicate hands supporting
cigars and cigarettes.
While the ladies do not, as a rule,
smoke pipes in the Isle de Cuba or
the islands of the southern Pacific
ocean, you can see the pipe in serv
ice in the grasp of females now and
then.
But the ladies of Spanish origin
of Cuba are unique in the man
aging of the cigars and cigarettes.
They always act as if they thought
the gentlemen were observing the
manner in which they hold their
cigarettes. They like to assume
that they are old hands at it. They
are pleased to make a good impres
sion upon the visitor.
The ladies of Cuba do not all
smoke. There are many Spanish
and Cuban ladies who would never
think of handling either the cigar,
the cigarette or the pipe. The Amer
ican and ladies of other nationali
ties in Cuba very seldom smoke.
But there are certain classes of na
tive born ladies who smoke a great
deal.
They are pleased to begin the
morning duties with smoking and
to finish off the afternoon with a
cigarette. Toward the final hours
of the night, before retiring, they
smoke. Some fall asleep smoking,
and' the servant has to look out for
the cinders to prevent the bed
clothes taking fire. Some chew a
cigarette in their dreams. The men
of Cuba are great smokers, as are
all people in the tropics. United
States Tobacco Journal.
The Boy and the Lawyer.
In the incident related below a
boy of twelve years old conquered a
smart and shrewd lawyer fighting
for a bad case.
Walter was an important witness,
and one of the lawyers, after cross
questioning him severely, said :
"Your father has been talking to
you and telling you how to testify,
hasn't he?"
"Yes," said the boy.
"Now," said the lawyer, "just tell
me how your father told you to tes
tify." "Well," said the boy modestly,
"father told me that the lawyers
would try and tangle me, but if I
would just be careful and tell the
truth I could tell the same every
time."
The lawyer didn't try to tangle
up that boy any more. Massachu
setts Plowman.
Egyptian Draughts.
The ancient Egyptians played a
game somewhat like chess. It was
called draughts. The two players
sat on the ground or on chairs, and
the pieces, or men, arranged at ei
ther end of the table, moved proba
bly on a checkered board, as in
modern chess. Egyptian representa
tions of the game, always being
given in profile, do not show either
the exact appearance of the board
or the number of squares the same
contained. The game was very pop
ular both in the homes of the poor
and in the mansions of the rich.
Even Eameses is portrayed on the
walls of his palace at Thebes engag
ed in playing the game. Circle
Magazine. An Oriental Story.
There is an oriental story of two
brothers, Ahmed and Omar. Both
wished to perform a deed whose
memory should not fail, but which
might sound their name and praises.
Omar, with wedge and rope, lifted
an obelisk oh its base, carving its
form in beautiful devices and sculp
turing many a strange inscription
on its sides. He set it in the hot
desert to cope with its gales. Ah
med, with deeper wisdom and truer
though sadder heart, dug a well to
cheer the sandy waste and planted
about it tall date palms to make
cool shade for the thirsty pilgrim
and to shake down fruits for his
hunger.
Bird's Nest of Five Tons.
The largest birds' nests are to be
found in Australia. The Austra
lian jungle fowl build for nests
great mounds 15 feet in height and
125 to 150 feet in circumference.
Grass, leaves and other vegetable
matter are used in the construction
of the nests, which easily weigh a
ton. The Australian brush turkeys,
working in colonies, build pyramidal
nests even larger. One of these
nests on being removed filled seven
carts, and its total weight was five
tons. St. Look Olobe-Democrat.