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About Corvallis gazette. (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1900-1909 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 14, 1906)
One of the largest and most success ful dairymen in this country Is Horace 1L. Bronson of Cortland county, N. Y Twhose dairy business is conducted on the same plans as a modern depart ment store. In a recent issue of the American Agriculturist Mr. Bronson tells of the importance of light and ventilation in the cow barn as" follows: Cows are infinitely better' off in a cold, dry stable with plenty of light and good air than in an overheated dark room. I never knew a cow to get pneumonia or tuberculosis from be ing in cold, dry, well lighted quarters, but I have known whole herds to be affected and destroyed fAm overheat ed, ill lighted stalls. The component parts of air are oxygen and nitrogen. Oxygen supplies life to the animal kingdom and nitrogen to the vegetable. Without oxygen animal life cannot be maintained, for the reason that when pure air Is taken into the lungs the oxygen Is appropriated to vitalize the blood. There are people, I believe, who wrongly suppose that all cold stables are supplied with fresh air. This is a mistake, and you should see to it that your cow barn is supplied with intakes through which fresh air from the out side shall be introduced in front of the cattle, and then provide a central shaft leading from near the stable floor, up through the stable and through the roof. This is an outtake and will main tain a moderate current, drawing the impure gases from the bottom up through the shaft and into the open space. If your stable Is not well lighted by that I mean thoroughly lighted simply put In more windows, suffi cient to give your stock a room as well lighted as your' own living room. Do not minimize the importance of sun shine, for It Is one of the most ef fective germ destroyers in nature. Thirty minutes of sunshine will gen erally put out of business many dis ease germs. An abominable, poorly lighted and ventilated stable can be changed over Into a model one at trifling expense. This can be done generally by the farmer and his help without employing . skilled or high priced labor. Land plaster should be used liber ally. Sprinkle it over the drop when filled ' and again after it is cleaned. The mixing of the plaster with the compost induces a change wherein the nitrogen or ammonia becomes fixed. Without this the ammonia will to a large extent escape and float off into the surrounding atmosphere. Inde pendent of the health of the animals, permitting the ammonia to escape is a waste which no farmer can afford. Bear In mind that this ammonia-is-the most expensive fertilizer that you have to buy. In the form of nitrate of soda, it often costs us $35 per ton, while muriate of potash can be bought for about $40, sometimes for about $35; phosphoric acid about $45 per ton. Again, the plaster Is generally worth Its cost If applied directly to the land. I generally buy the plaster in carload lots, costing from $2.50 to $3 per ton. If you haven't used it in the past, try it and just see how nice It will seem for you to sit down to the milking In a clean, sweet smelling stable. Regularity in milking and feeding Is necessary for best results. Many farm ers pay little heed to either point. Gen erally farmers are compelled to depend to a greater or less extent upon hired help to do their milking. In all such cases the farmer 6hould be careful to see that his hired men are good milk ers. There are plenty of shiftless fel lows, who, when left to themselves, will ruin the best cow by bad milking. A poor milker is an abomination. No cow can keep a sound udder for any considerable time unless she Is milked clean at least tw4ce dally, and even this does not quite cover the ground. She must be milked quickly or else she becomes a stripper that Is, she will hold back her milk for awhile, and then It Is but a short time before she has lost one or more of her quarters. A Fine Holsteln. One of the finest Holsteins in this country Is rietertje Josephine Abber kerk. This cow took first prize at the IV. . l TIETERTJE JOSEPHINE ABBEKKERK. Fan-American exposition and at the New York state fair and wherever shown has attracted great attention. She is one of the Brookside herd at La cona, X. Y. Dost t MilkicK Time. Just before the cows are let into the stable for milking it is common to shake up the bedding and scatter It about the stalls. This is objectionable because the dust raised makes a lodg ment for bacteria, and as it settles It gets Into the milk pails and on to the cows and Is brushed off into the milk. Fix the stables as soon as the cows are out. It is impossible to have abs lutely clean milk unless the dust !t kept down at aiilklnc tiia. CARE OF MILK. Boate Good Rale ly m Stte Dmtrr Instructor. Remove the milk of every cow at once from the stable to a clean, dry Boom, where the air is pure and sweet. Do not allow cans to remain In stables while they are being filled. Strain the milk through a metal gauze and a flannel cloth of layer of cotton as soon as it is drawn. Aerate and cool the milk aa soon aa strained. If an apparatus for airing and cooling at the same time is not at hand the milk should be aired first This must be done in pure air, and it should then be cooled to 45 degrees if the milk is for shipment or to 60 degrees if for home use or delivery to a factory. Xever close a can containing warm milk which has not been aerated. If cover is left off the can a piece of cloth or mosquito netting should be used to keep out Insects. If milk is stored it should be held in tanks of fresh, cold water, renewed daily, in a clean, dry,, cold room. Un less it is desired to remove cream it should be stirred with a tin stirrer of ten enough to prevent formiag a thick cream layer. Keep the night milk under shelter so rain cannot get into the cans. In warm weather hold It in a tank of fresh, cold water. Never mix fresh, warm lillk with that which has been cooled. Do not allow the milk to freeze. Under no circumstances should any thing be added to milk to prevent Its souring. Cleanliness and cold are the only preventives seeded. All milk should be In good condition when delivered. This may make it necessary to deliver twice a day during the hottest weather. When cans are hauled far they should be full and carried in a spring wagon. The Utensils. Milk utensils for farm use should be made of metal and have all joints smoothly soldered. Never allow them to become rusty or rough inside. Do not haul waste products back to the farm in the same cans used for de livering milk. When this is unavoid able insist that the skim milk or whey tank he kept clean. Cans used for the return of skim milk or whey should be emptied and cleaned as soon as they arrive at the farm. Clean all dairy utensils by first thor oughly rinsing them in warm water; then clean inside and out with a brush and hot water in which a cleaning ma terial is dissolved; then rinse and, last ly, sterilize by boiling water or steam. Use pure water only. After cleaning keep utensils invert ed in pure air and sun if possible until wanted for use. S. C. Thompson, Maine State Dairy Instructor. Strive For the Best. The essential requisites for success ful rearing of calves are a high ideal of what is wanted a good place to keep the young calves, good blood as a foundation to work upon, careful, reg ular, liberal feeding; attention to all details, keeping "the calves healthy, a love for the work and the desire to make each calf develop and prove to be a little better than its predecessors. No branch of dairying offers so great a possibility for improvement and sat isfaction to the owner as a well bred bunch of dairy type heifer calves, and none will prove more remunerative. Let us set our mark hgh and strive for the best. H. O. Daniels in New Eng land Homestead. Regularity in feeding and milking counts a great deal toward success. To get best results be' systematic In your work. Use a milk cooler, but never use it in impure air. A cow tall holder Is humane and saves a lot of profanity. Good milk depends on something more than the milker and the cow. You harvest corn and wheat once a year. You harvest milk twice a day. The points that make a cow a good milker make her a poor beef animal. You can't grind corn and get flour. Neither can you feed straw and get butter. Your barn yard Is not purely a place for storing manure not if you want the best milk. A safe rule, says Kimball's Dairy Farmer, is never to sell any milk you would be unwilling to use on your own table. Cleanliness Is a requisite for the pro duction of a good grade of milk. You can't keep milk sweet if you allow filth to get into it. Filtii means bad milk, bad cream and bad butter. Be ware of filth. Keep the cows clean. Skim milk is the best food for grow ing pigs. Every particle of skim milk should be utilized to turn the wastes Into pork. If you cannot afford to buy a herd of pure bred cattle you can buy a good bull and grade up your herd. Pedigree doesn't make production, and produc tion is what most of us are after. It wouldn't be altogether profitable for all of us to be breeders of pure bred stock, but we could all increase the productiveness of our herds to great advantage. A good dairy bull will ac complish that end more rapidly than many suppose. The care of the cow just after calv ing determines to a large degree her fu ture profit as a milker. If she is not at once brought up to a high state of milk production the chances are she cannot be during that period of lacta tion. If a cow Is permitted to fall In her, milk production, says the Farmers Advocate, it is next to impossible to get her back to her former yield. , Dairy Wisdom S3 Selecting the Well Bred Horse 9 If a horse is short ribbed he is lighj In kis middle and is nearly alwajr'a pom feeder, says a bulletin issued by tdCfcnadias government. He has not S3bmc1i to contain succulent food taSttm him from one meal to another. At ,7 entered horse seldom weighs mt aatd weight in a draft horse, if it 4BBta from bone, sinew and muscle, goes a long way to determine bis commercial value. When a horse is well coupled to gether on top and has a short back he must have the length below from the point of the shoulder to the back of the thigh. When so built he will stand the strain of drawing heavy loads much better than if he has a long, loose back. The front feet and hocks are the parts of either a draft or a driving horse that come directly in contact with the hard work, and un less they are sound and good a horse's usefulness wLi be very much impaired and his commercial value very much lessened. Before using the stallion get the groom to lead him away from you. Stand square behind him and see that he picks up his feet and places them on the ground properly, traveling in both trot and walk clear and clean, not striking the ground first with the toe and then bringing down the heel. The feet shoulu be large and waxy in appearance. The sole of the hoof should be concave, the frog spongy, plump and elastic, because it acts as a buffer to take the concussion from acting too severely on the foot, pas tern and fetlock. See that both sire and dam have sound feet, free from flatness, brlttleness and not contract ed. There should be no "gumminess" about the hocks of the draft horse, as it Indicates coarseness. They should be wide, especially from a side view. A stallion whose feet are contracted and brittle and whose hocks are puffy and fleshy looking should be avoided, aa such hocks are generally associated with a coarseness throughout his whole conformation and a general lack of quality. The King's Champion. i The king's champion shire stallion, Premvictor, here reproduced from the Breeder's Gazette, Chicago, was much king's stallion pbemvictob. admired at the Toronto fair, where he was shown with several other Shires from England. They were not intend ed for exhibition in. class, but made a daily parade around the horse rings and are very good types of the famous English draft breed. Effect of Feeds on Manure. In feeding animals or buying feeds one is very likely to consider only the feeding of flosh forming value of the feeds, not taking into consideration their effect on the value of the manure produced. When more manure Is need ed than can be made and the supply has to be frequently supplemented with commercial fertilizers the purchase of high priced feeds rich In fertilizing ma terial is oftentimes the most economical on account of the increased value of the manure they make. Another im portant fact is learned from the amount of fertilizing elements in both the solid and liquid excrements." The larger part of the nitrogen, the most expen sive element, and most of the potash are given off In the urine; hence the importance of saving all of this most valuable part of the manure. Not only are other elements found in large quan tities of the liquid, but they are In much more available form than In the solid. C. D. Woods, Maine Experiment Station. ' Sheep on Small Farms. Many farmers entertain the opinion that it is not profitable to raise sheep on a small farm, but they are unable to give a satisfactory reason. Those who have tried it find that there is nothing else they can rajse that pro duces so much profit, for the sheep is the cheapest animal In the world to grow and gives the producer a double compensation mutton and wool. A good ewe will produce a lamb worth as much as or more than herself every year and besides supply enough wool to more than pay for her keep. At the same time she consumes weeds, brush and other troublesome things about the farm which other animals will not touch. Shepherd's Criterion. The Hog and the Si raw Pile. Some farmers and they are good ones, too advise turning the straw stack into n hog house. They fence the stack into the pen and let the hogs do the rest. This sounds like a slouchy plan, but it is not so bad after all, says Kimball's Dairy Farmer. The hog will keep his sleeping place clean if he has half a chance, and by this method he works the straw up Into a fine quality of fertilizer. You can assist him in the good work by setting up posts or rails In the form of an inverted V arid stack ing the strav on this. Such a plan fur nishes an open door and a good place for the hog to start building his winter house. WATER THE SHEEP. Hea-Ilarenee In Thie Direction Is Oft em a'Serions Matter. . S Many farmers seem to think that sheep will get along all right without water, and thay are often neglected in this direction. It is a bad mistake, and every one who makes it pays heav ily for the blunder. Recently I put a flock of ewes and lambs on a piece of wheat stubble to destroy the ragweed that had started up after the wheat was cut, writes E. P. Sunder in Ohio Farmerj There was no wator-ia the field, and the sheep were left there only two days. During that time two good showers fell. The feed they got was of course tender and succulent, and I thought they worJJ. not suffer for want of water for fiat length of time. When I took them back to their permanent pasture I wass rprise.l to see them rush for the water ::t t!i roidside and line up at every u: d puddle to quench their thirst, ant! as soxii a3 they got to the pasture t!'?y ran Walter skelter for the water at ta-. fartlier side of the field. Ewer. BTccd Water. One of my neighbors changed his ewes to a pasture where there was no water. It was early in the season. The grass was fresh and luxuriant, and. he thought they'd perhaps do all right without water. After they had been there a week he went t" see them and was surprised at their gaunt appear ance. He immediately took them out. In taking them back to their creek pasture he had to pass a large public water tank. He said it was surprising to see them crowd up to that tank to slake their thirst. . They lowered the water in the tank five inches before leaving it. Ewes suckling lambs espe cially need water. They may possibly live without it, but they'll certainly bring little or no profit to their own ers. The question of profit and loss aside, as a matter of humanity sheep should never be compelled to go with out an ample supply of pure water. Care of Winter Lambs. The winter lamb is an unnatural product, born under the most adverse conditions, when the days are growing colder, when the grass is frosted and seared. It is necessary to-resort to artificial feeds and to apartments In side the building where economy of production requires a duplicate of sum mer conditions as nearly as possible. The barn must be perfectly dry, well lighted and thoroughly ventilated. Without these conditions we can nev er hope for the greatest degree of suc cess In rearing and fattenting lambs in winter. Frank D. Ward, New York. THE SWINEHERD Large herds of swine should be di vided so that not more than a few doz en animals are kept together. Each sow should have a separate pen for herself and her pigs. The boar should not be permitted to run with the herd. The pens, troughs and all the sur roundings of the hog should not only be cleaned frequently, but disinfected. The food for swine should be selected carefully. Do not feed corn exclusively and be careful to supply enoSigh green food in the winter time. Sorghum is especially recommended as a winter food. Always heat the hogs' food In cold weather for the animals' comfort and well being. Get out of your head that anything is good enough for the pig. Remem ber, rather, that nothing is too good for the pig. Farmers Advocate. Preventing; Disease. The heavy losses in hogs are largely due to transmissible diseases. The or ganisms that produce such diseases en ter the system In the feed and air. Muddy or dusty yards, crowded condi tions and filthy floors or troughs are responsible for most of the cholera and swine plague. Young hogs are more susceptible than mature animals. Nat urally they need better care. The pens and yards should not be neglected be cause there is a pasture. Keep them well drained and disinfected. Use whitewash freely about the houses and fences. Plow the unused lots and sow rape, oats or cowpeas. Spray the house, feeding floors and troughs thor oughly with a disinfectant every two or three weeks. Tar disinfectants are most convenient. They should be used in not less than a 3 per cent water so lution. Spray or dip the hogs occa sionally In a 1 per cent water solution. Young hogs should not be given crowd ed quarters. Provide a diet that will keep them healthy and help them to resist disease. Keeping the hogs un der the best sanitary conditions and using every precaution to prevent in fection from the outside are the most satisfactory methods of avoiding loss from transmissible diseases. R. A. Craig, Purdue University Experiment Station. Hob Notes. Be careful in selecting your new boar. Mature sows, bred to good boars, In sure strong, healthy pigs. Holding fat hogs for a higher mar ket is oftentimes courting cholera. Don't think that the hog has cholera just because he is off feed for a day. Plenty of sunlight in the hog house from now until next June is necessary. You may have a favorite strain, but don't stick to it until it has degen erated. Give the hogpen a rest. Move the hogs to another pen or to the pasture. Keep the pens and yards sanitary, but don't stop with that. Keep the hog's digestion In prime order. The construction of the pig trough may seem like : a small thing,- says Kimball's Dairy Farmer, but there's millions In it for the pigs. I Novelties In ; j ... IChrishnu Presents Thai Hay Be Con traded by Clever Women Nsn 4aria Pincushion CKi- ' IDDEN away In a nutshell are endless possibilities for orig inal Christmas presents. The woman endowed with the fairy gift of imagination can make the cunningest contrivances with the aid of a handful of nuts of different species. Doubtless many are familiar with brilliantly attired Chinese mandarins, doing duty as hanging pin cushions, the or namental .pins stuck round their large, flat, circular hats forming the ex cuse for their highly orna: mental exist ence. These fig ures are formed entirely of pea nuts, threaded on fine wire. MANDARIN PIN CUSHION. with the. exception of one large wal nut, which does duty as a head. If a Mongolian cast of countenance is faithfully portrayed the result is ex cellent. Richly dressed in oriental sat ins and brocades, they are very smart and can be made additionally at tractive by the use of embroidery, jew els, beads, fans and any other embel lishments that may suggest them selves. Chinese Calendar. One of the newest calendars for 1907 is decorated with a pair of Chinese figures. It is one of the "tear off" variety, and the bulky little packet of days Is fastened In the right hand top corner of a narrow, upright card, meas uring 12 by 5 inches, very neatly covered with art paper of a dark shade. This represents a . box kite and la ornamented with silver tissue and de vices cut out of tinsel. , A gold cord de pends from it, to which clings a terrified boy, who Is evidently being borne rapidly aloft, In spite of the strenuous efforts of his companion to recall him to earth by tugging at his long black silk cue. The heads of A CHINESE CALENDAR. these small people are formed of half walnuts, with the features carefully painted. Their attire is cut out of satin and brocade and gummed on. It Is a good plan to paste white paper on to the back of the scraps of material made use of, sketch the shape of the tunic and trousers on this, and then cut them out with sharp scissors, allowing a little margin for the overlapping of the various parts. Tiny hands can be cut out of yellow brown paper, and shoes, look best uiade of black 'velvet. Memorandum Tablet. A red Indian is a new and effective design. Seated before his wigwam, smoking the "pipe of peace," he ap pears a very picturesque personage in deed In his scarlet blanket, edged with white borders, painted with Indian de vices, over which fall his heavy plaits of black hair, interwoven wih strands of silk and chains of colored beads. The hand grasping the quill pipe, and also the moccasins peeping beneath his fringed leather leggings, are formed of peanuts. His Inscrutable counte- AN INDIAN MEMORANDUM: TABLET. nance Is composed of a walnut shell, behind which is a headdress of feath ers and melon seeds. A brown paper foundation .must be cut out for a draped figure of this description, to which the costume is secured by a few stitches, , the feathers being glued in place. The little model can then be oiounted bodily on any background. 1. Ssa Ziero for all kiadi ofgrass seed, orcha, timothy and clover seed. 74tf O. J. Blackledge arrived home Wednes day evening from Portland, where he had been tojpurchase a fresh stock of goods for his furniture store. Have your eyes fitted by on who knows how Matthews, the optician S4t , Starr's Bakery ha secured th service1 of Dick Llewellyn, the wonderful bread maker. 89 1 The 150-acre Urm of E. J. Bu-f chanan on Beaver Cr- i was sold this week by Robiason & S evenson toE. N. Hunter, of Winchester Idaho. The consideration was $6000. Possession is to l eiven in a month.' Mr. Hunter 1 ft, Tues day on the return 'to Idah , where he will eettle hi affairs and. return later with his family. See the swell assortment of Xmas goods jast arrived, at the Bazaar 102 There is to bs a lively gams of basket ball in 0A.C armory this evening, be woen the OAC star teamand the Albany aggregation. This is the last contest o the sort that takes place before the local men leave on their tour of the states of Washington, Idaho, Utah, Montana and California, and a good crowd should turn oat tonight to show the boys that the town has a keen interest in them. Game to be called at 7 : 30 The missionery society of the Gongr e Rational church spent, adelightful after noon at the home of Mrs. Thomas Bell, Wednesday. About 50 laiies were pres ent, among whom were Mrs. Eunice Luckey of Portland, state president of the society, who gave an address, and Mrs. Judge Lowell of Pendleton. A short program and tempting refrnehmeuts were the features. Mrs. Bell, who is a charming hostess, was assisted in receiv ing by Mrs. A. E. Wilkins and Mrs. Thomas Wbitehorm. Bellefountain Items. Wilbur Starr was a Corvallis business visitor, Tuesday, Word received lrom George Paul who recently went from here to California to be treated for cancer of the face, is to the effect that he has already had two cancers burned out of his lip, aud it is feared this is not the end of the trouble. Residents of the vicinity of Simpson's chapel are agitating the subject of a fruit and vegeta ble cannery for that place. This is a praiseworthy move and should be encouraged by every resident of the locality and all others hereabouts. W. H. Dean, who has been seriously ill with erysipelas of the face, is improving. The diphtheria scare has about blown over, and those who were afflicted have.recovered. Among these were the two daughters of T. M. Coon. There has been much trouble experienced here of late from the falling of the Bell telephoce poles, which have become so decayed that they are constantly toppling over. In falling they have repeatedly caught on the Independent lines, cutting off connections between Bellefountan and Monroe, caus ing no end of annoyance and trouble. Three poles fell over Tuesday, and BeiJefountain was practically out of the world for the time. Road district Nj. 16, north of Monroe, is to hold a meeting Sat urday to discuss the advisability of levying a two-mill road tax in that district. The measure will undoubtedly carry, as all seem to be in favor of it. Amateur Essays. Apropos of extravagant education there is no mors utter waste, wheth er in board schools or those of higher class, than essay writing by children. A poultry paper quotes a little boy's effort on that subject. "Geece is a nasty animal, for thev will jump up your back and beat you with their feathers," writes this budding literary genius, and "the turkese is a large kind - of hen." This may be an extreme instance, but it furnishes the text for an es say on "geece" of quite another kind. London Sketch. CASTOR I A Tor Infants and Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought Bears the Signature of