One of the largest and most success
ful dairymen in this country Is Horace
1L. Bronson of Cortland county, N. Y
Twhose dairy business is conducted on
the same plans as a modern depart
ment store. In a recent issue of the
American Agriculturist Mr. Bronson
tells of the importance of light and
ventilation in the cow barn as" follows:
Cows are infinitely better' off in a
cold, dry stable with plenty of light
and good air than in an overheated
dark room. I never knew a cow to
get pneumonia or tuberculosis from be
ing in cold, dry, well lighted quarters,
but I have known whole herds to be
affected and destroyed fAm overheat
ed, ill lighted stalls. The component
parts of air are oxygen and nitrogen.
Oxygen supplies life to the animal
kingdom and nitrogen to the vegetable.
Without oxygen animal life cannot be
maintained, for the reason that when
pure air Is taken into the lungs the
oxygen Is appropriated to vitalize the
blood.
There are people, I believe, who
wrongly suppose that all cold stables
are supplied with fresh air. This is a
mistake, and you should see to it that
your cow barn is supplied with intakes
through which fresh air from the out
side shall be introduced in front of the
cattle, and then provide a central shaft
leading from near the stable floor, up
through the stable and through the
roof. This is an outtake and will main
tain a moderate current, drawing the
impure gases from the bottom up
through the shaft and into the open
space.
If your stable Is not well lighted
by that I mean thoroughly lighted
simply put In more windows, suffi
cient to give your stock a room as well
lighted as your' own living room. Do
not minimize the importance of sun
shine, for It Is one of the most ef
fective germ destroyers in nature.
Thirty minutes of sunshine will gen
erally put out of business many dis
ease germs. An abominable, poorly
lighted and ventilated stable can be
changed over Into a model one at
trifling expense. This can be done
generally by the farmer and his help
without employing . skilled or high
priced labor.
Land plaster should be used liber
ally. Sprinkle it over the drop when
filled ' and again after it is cleaned.
The mixing of the plaster with the
compost induces a change wherein the
nitrogen or ammonia becomes fixed.
Without this the ammonia will to a
large extent escape and float off into
the surrounding atmosphere. Inde
pendent of the health of the animals,
permitting the ammonia to escape is
a waste which no farmer can afford.
Bear In mind that this ammonia-is-the
most expensive fertilizer that you
have to buy. In the form of nitrate of
soda, it often costs us $35 per ton,
while muriate of potash can be bought
for about $40, sometimes for about
$35; phosphoric acid about $45 per ton.
Again, the plaster Is generally worth
Its cost If applied directly to the land.
I generally buy the plaster in carload
lots, costing from $2.50 to $3 per ton.
If you haven't used it in the past, try
it and just see how nice It will seem
for you to sit down to the milking In
a clean, sweet smelling stable.
Regularity in milking and feeding Is
necessary for best results. Many farm
ers pay little heed to either point. Gen
erally farmers are compelled to depend
to a greater or less extent upon hired
help to do their milking. In all such
cases the farmer 6hould be careful to
see that his hired men are good milk
ers. There are plenty of shiftless fel
lows, who, when left to themselves,
will ruin the best cow by bad milking.
A poor milker is an abomination. No
cow can keep a sound udder for any
considerable time unless she Is milked
clean at least tw4ce dally, and even
this does not quite cover the ground.
She must be milked quickly or else she
becomes a stripper that Is, she will
hold back her milk for awhile, and then
It Is but a short time before she has
lost one or more of her quarters.
A Fine Holsteln.
One of the finest Holsteins in this
country Is rietertje Josephine Abber
kerk. This cow took first prize at the
IV. . l
TIETERTJE JOSEPHINE ABBEKKERK.
Fan-American exposition and at the
New York state fair and wherever
shown has attracted great attention.
She is one of the Brookside herd at La
cona, X. Y.
Dost t MilkicK Time.
Just before the cows are let into the
stable for milking it is common to
shake up the bedding and scatter It
about the stalls. This is objectionable
because the dust raised makes a lodg
ment for bacteria, and as it settles It
gets Into the milk pails and on to the
cows and Is brushed off into the milk.
Fix the stables as soon as the cows
are out. It is impossible to have abs
lutely clean milk unless the dust !t
kept down at aiilklnc tiia.
CARE OF MILK.
Boate Good Rale ly m Stte Dmtrr
Instructor.
Remove the milk of every cow at
once from the stable to a clean, dry
Boom, where the air is pure and sweet.
Do not allow cans to remain In stables
while they are being filled.
Strain the milk through a metal
gauze and a flannel cloth of layer of
cotton as soon as it is drawn.
Aerate and cool the milk aa soon aa
strained. If an apparatus for airing and
cooling at the same time is not at hand
the milk should be aired first This
must be done in pure air, and it should
then be cooled to 45 degrees if the milk
is for shipment or to 60 degrees if for
home use or delivery to a factory.
Xever close a can containing warm
milk which has not been aerated.
If cover is left off the can a piece of
cloth or mosquito netting should be
used to keep out Insects.
If milk is stored it should be held in
tanks of fresh, cold water, renewed
daily, in a clean, dry,, cold room. Un
less it is desired to remove cream it
should be stirred with a tin stirrer of
ten enough to prevent formiag a thick
cream layer.
Keep the night milk under shelter so
rain cannot get into the cans. In warm
weather hold It in a tank of fresh, cold
water.
Never mix fresh, warm lillk with
that which has been cooled.
Do not allow the milk to freeze.
Under no circumstances should any
thing be added to milk to prevent Its
souring. Cleanliness and cold are the
only preventives seeded.
All milk should be In good condition
when delivered. This may make it
necessary to deliver twice a day during
the hottest weather.
When cans are hauled far they should
be full and carried in a spring wagon.
The Utensils.
Milk utensils for farm use should be
made of metal and have all joints
smoothly soldered. Never allow them
to become rusty or rough inside.
Do not haul waste products back to
the farm in the same cans used for de
livering milk. When this is unavoid
able insist that the skim milk or whey
tank he kept clean.
Cans used for the return of skim
milk or whey should be emptied and
cleaned as soon as they arrive at the
farm.
Clean all dairy utensils by first thor
oughly rinsing them in warm water;
then clean inside and out with a brush
and hot water in which a cleaning ma
terial is dissolved; then rinse and, last
ly, sterilize by boiling water or steam.
Use pure water only.
After cleaning keep utensils invert
ed in pure air and sun if possible until
wanted for use. S. C. Thompson,
Maine State Dairy Instructor.
Strive For the Best.
The essential requisites for success
ful rearing of calves are a high ideal
of what is wanted a good place to
keep the young calves, good blood as a
foundation to work upon, careful, reg
ular, liberal feeding; attention to all
details, keeping "the calves healthy, a
love for the work and the desire to
make each calf develop and prove to
be a little better than its predecessors.
No branch of dairying offers so great
a possibility for improvement and sat
isfaction to the owner as a well bred
bunch of dairy type heifer calves, and
none will prove more remunerative.
Let us set our mark hgh and strive for
the best. H. O. Daniels in New Eng
land Homestead.
Regularity in feeding and milking
counts a great deal toward success.
To get best results be' systematic In
your work.
Use a milk cooler, but never use it
in impure air.
A cow tall holder Is humane and
saves a lot of profanity.
Good milk depends on something
more than the milker and the cow.
You harvest corn and wheat once a
year. You harvest milk twice a day.
The points that make a cow a good
milker make her a poor beef animal.
You can't grind corn and get flour.
Neither can you feed straw and get
butter.
Your barn yard Is not purely a place
for storing manure not if you want
the best milk.
A safe rule, says Kimball's Dairy
Farmer, is never to sell any milk you
would be unwilling to use on your
own table.
Cleanliness Is a requisite for the pro
duction of a good grade of milk. You
can't keep milk sweet if you allow
filth to get into it. Filtii means bad
milk, bad cream and bad butter. Be
ware of filth. Keep the cows clean.
Skim milk is the best food for grow
ing pigs. Every particle of skim milk
should be utilized to turn the wastes
Into pork.
If you cannot afford to buy a herd
of pure bred cattle you can buy a good
bull and grade up your herd. Pedigree
doesn't make production, and produc
tion is what most of us are after. It
wouldn't be altogether profitable for
all of us to be breeders of pure bred
stock, but we could all increase the
productiveness of our herds to great
advantage. A good dairy bull will ac
complish that end more rapidly than
many suppose.
The care of the cow just after calv
ing determines to a large degree her fu
ture profit as a milker. If she is not
at once brought up to a high state of
milk production the chances are she
cannot be during that period of lacta
tion. If a cow Is permitted to fall In
her, milk production, says the Farmers
Advocate, it is next to impossible to
get her back to her former yield. ,
Dairy Wisdom
S3
Selecting the
Well Bred Horse
9
If a horse is short ribbed he is lighj
In kis middle and is nearly alwajr'a
pom feeder, says a bulletin issued by
tdCfcnadias government. He has not
S3bmc1i to contain succulent food
taSttm him from one meal to another.
At ,7 entered horse seldom weighs
mt aatd weight in a draft horse, if it
4BBta from bone, sinew and muscle,
goes a long way to determine bis
commercial value.
When a horse is well coupled to
gether on top and has a short back
he must have the length below from
the point of the shoulder to the back
of the thigh. When so built he will
stand the strain of drawing heavy loads
much better than if he has a long,
loose back. The front feet and hocks
are the parts of either a draft or a
driving horse that come directly in
contact with the hard work, and un
less they are sound and good a horse's
usefulness wLi be very much impaired
and his commercial value very much
lessened.
Before using the stallion get the
groom to lead him away from you.
Stand square behind him and see that
he picks up his feet and places them
on the ground properly, traveling in
both trot and walk clear and clean,
not striking the ground first with the
toe and then bringing down the heel.
The feet shoulu be large and waxy in
appearance. The sole of the hoof
should be concave, the frog spongy,
plump and elastic, because it acts as a
buffer to take the concussion from
acting too severely on the foot, pas
tern and fetlock. See that both sire
and dam have sound feet, free from
flatness, brlttleness and not contract
ed. There should be no "gumminess"
about the hocks of the draft horse, as
it Indicates coarseness. They should
be wide, especially from a side view.
A stallion whose feet are contracted
and brittle and whose hocks are puffy
and fleshy looking should be avoided,
aa such hocks are generally associated
with a coarseness throughout his whole
conformation and a general lack of
quality.
The King's Champion.
i The king's champion shire stallion,
Premvictor, here reproduced from the
Breeder's Gazette, Chicago, was much
king's stallion pbemvictob.
admired at the Toronto fair, where he
was shown with several other Shires
from England. They were not intend
ed for exhibition in. class, but made a
daily parade around the horse rings
and are very good types of the famous
English draft breed.
Effect of Feeds on Manure.
In feeding animals or buying feeds
one is very likely to consider only the
feeding of flosh forming value of the
feeds, not taking into consideration
their effect on the value of the manure
produced. When more manure Is need
ed than can be made and the supply
has to be frequently supplemented with
commercial fertilizers the purchase of
high priced feeds rich In fertilizing ma
terial is oftentimes the most economical
on account of the increased value of
the manure they make. Another im
portant fact is learned from the amount
of fertilizing elements in both the solid
and liquid excrements." The larger
part of the nitrogen, the most expen
sive element, and most of the potash
are given off In the urine; hence the
importance of saving all of this most
valuable part of the manure. Not only
are other elements found in large quan
tities of the liquid, but they are In
much more available form than In the
solid. C. D. Woods, Maine Experiment
Station. '
Sheep on Small Farms.
Many farmers entertain the opinion
that it is not profitable to raise sheep
on a small farm, but they are unable
to give a satisfactory reason. Those
who have tried it find that there is
nothing else they can rajse that pro
duces so much profit, for the sheep is
the cheapest animal In the world to
grow and gives the producer a double
compensation mutton and wool. A
good ewe will produce a lamb worth
as much as or more than herself every
year and besides supply enough wool
to more than pay for her keep. At the
same time she consumes weeds, brush
and other troublesome things about
the farm which other animals will not
touch. Shepherd's Criterion.
The Hog and the Si raw Pile.
Some farmers and they are good
ones, too advise turning the straw
stack into n hog house. They fence
the stack into the pen and let the hogs
do the rest. This sounds like a slouchy
plan, but it is not so bad after all, says
Kimball's Dairy Farmer. The hog will
keep his sleeping place clean if he has
half a chance, and by this method he
works the straw up Into a fine quality
of fertilizer. You can assist him in the
good work by setting up posts or rails
In the form of an inverted V arid stack
ing the strav on this. Such a plan fur
nishes an open door and a good place
for the hog to start building his winter
house.
WATER THE SHEEP.
Hea-Ilarenee In Thie Direction Is Oft em
a'Serions Matter. . S
Many farmers seem to think that
sheep will get along all right without
water, and thay are often neglected in
this direction. It is a bad mistake,
and every one who makes it pays heav
ily for the blunder.
Recently I put a flock of ewes and
lambs on a piece of wheat stubble to
destroy the ragweed that had started
up after the wheat was cut, writes E.
P. Sunder in Ohio Farmerj There was
no wator-ia the field, and the sheep
were left there only two days. During
that time two good showers fell. The
feed they got was of course tender
and succulent, and I thought they
worJJ. not suffer for want of water
for fiat length of time. When I took
them back to their permanent pasture
I wass rprise.l to see them rush for
the water ::t t!i roidside and line up
at every u: d puddle to quench their
thirst, ant! as soxii a3 they got to the
pasture t!'?y ran Walter skelter for the
water at ta-. fartlier side of the field.
Ewer. BTccd Water.
One of my neighbors changed his
ewes to a pasture where there was no
water. It was early in the season. The
grass was fresh and luxuriant, and. he
thought they'd perhaps do all right
without water. After they had been
there a week he went t" see them and
was surprised at their gaunt appear
ance. He immediately took them out.
In taking them back to their creek
pasture he had to pass a large public
water tank. He said it was surprising
to see them crowd up to that tank to
slake their thirst. . They lowered the
water in the tank five inches before
leaving it. Ewes suckling lambs espe
cially need water. They may possibly
live without it, but they'll certainly
bring little or no profit to their own
ers. The question of profit and loss
aside, as a matter of humanity sheep
should never be compelled to go with
out an ample supply of pure water.
Care of Winter Lambs.
The winter lamb is an unnatural
product, born under the most adverse
conditions, when the days are growing
colder, when the grass is frosted and
seared. It is necessary to-resort to
artificial feeds and to apartments In
side the building where economy of
production requires a duplicate of sum
mer conditions as nearly as possible.
The barn must be perfectly dry, well
lighted and thoroughly ventilated.
Without these conditions we can nev
er hope for the greatest degree of suc
cess In rearing and fattenting lambs in
winter. Frank D. Ward, New York.
THE SWINEHERD
Large herds of swine should be di
vided so that not more than a few doz
en animals are kept together.
Each sow should have a separate pen
for herself and her pigs.
The boar should not be permitted to
run with the herd.
The pens, troughs and all the sur
roundings of the hog should not only
be cleaned frequently, but disinfected.
The food for swine should be selected
carefully.
Do not feed corn exclusively and be
careful to supply enoSigh green food in
the winter time.
Sorghum is especially recommended
as a winter food.
Always heat the hogs' food In cold
weather for the animals' comfort and
well being.
Get out of your head that anything
is good enough for the pig. Remem
ber, rather, that nothing is too good for
the pig. Farmers Advocate.
Preventing; Disease.
The heavy losses in hogs are largely
due to transmissible diseases. The or
ganisms that produce such diseases en
ter the system In the feed and air.
Muddy or dusty yards, crowded condi
tions and filthy floors or troughs are
responsible for most of the cholera and
swine plague. Young hogs are more
susceptible than mature animals. Nat
urally they need better care. The pens
and yards should not be neglected be
cause there is a pasture. Keep them
well drained and disinfected. Use
whitewash freely about the houses and
fences. Plow the unused lots and sow
rape, oats or cowpeas. Spray the
house, feeding floors and troughs thor
oughly with a disinfectant every two
or three weeks. Tar disinfectants are
most convenient. They should be used
in not less than a 3 per cent water so
lution. Spray or dip the hogs occa
sionally In a 1 per cent water solution.
Young hogs should not be given crowd
ed quarters. Provide a diet that will
keep them healthy and help them to
resist disease. Keeping the hogs un
der the best sanitary conditions and
using every precaution to prevent in
fection from the outside are the most
satisfactory methods of avoiding loss
from transmissible diseases. R. A.
Craig, Purdue University Experiment
Station.
Hob Notes.
Be careful in selecting your new
boar.
Mature sows, bred to good boars, In
sure strong, healthy pigs.
Holding fat hogs for a higher mar
ket is oftentimes courting cholera.
Don't think that the hog has cholera
just because he is off feed for a day.
Plenty of sunlight in the hog house
from now until next June is necessary.
You may have a favorite strain, but
don't stick to it until it has degen
erated. Give the hogpen a rest. Move the
hogs to another pen or to the pasture.
Keep the pens and yards sanitary,
but don't stop with that. Keep the
hog's digestion In prime order.
The construction of the pig trough
may seem like : a small thing,- says
Kimball's Dairy Farmer, but there's
millions In it for the pigs.
I Novelties In ; j
...
IChrishnu Presents Thai Hay Be Con
traded by Clever Women Nsn
4aria Pincushion CKi- '
IDDEN away In a nutshell are
endless possibilities for orig
inal Christmas presents. The
woman endowed with the
fairy gift of imagination can make
the cunningest contrivances with the
aid of a handful of nuts of different
species.
Doubtless many are familiar with
brilliantly attired Chinese mandarins,
doing duty as
hanging pin
cushions, the or
namental .pins
stuck round
their large, flat,
circular hats
forming the ex
cuse for their
highly orna:
mental exist
ence. These fig
ures are formed
entirely of pea
nuts, threaded
on fine wire.
MANDARIN PIN
CUSHION. with the. exception of one large wal
nut, which does duty as a head. If a
Mongolian cast of countenance is
faithfully portrayed the result is ex
cellent. Richly dressed in oriental sat
ins and brocades, they are very smart
and can be made additionally at
tractive by the use of embroidery, jew
els, beads, fans and any other embel
lishments that may suggest them
selves. Chinese Calendar.
One of the newest calendars for 1907
is decorated with a pair of Chinese
figures. It is one of the "tear off"
variety, and the bulky little packet of
days Is fastened In the right hand top
corner of a narrow, upright card, meas
uring 12 by 5 inches, very neatly
covered with art paper of a dark shade.
This represents a . box kite and la
ornamented with silver tissue and de
vices cut out of tinsel. , A gold cord de
pends from it, to which clings a
terrified boy, who Is evidently being
borne rapidly aloft, In spite of the
strenuous efforts of his companion to
recall him to earth by tugging at his
long black silk cue. The heads of
A CHINESE CALENDAR.
these small people are formed of half
walnuts, with the features carefully
painted. Their attire is cut out of satin
and brocade and gummed on. It Is a
good plan to paste white paper on to
the back of the scraps of material
made use of, sketch the shape of the
tunic and trousers on this, and then cut
them out with sharp scissors, allowing
a little margin for the overlapping of
the various parts. Tiny hands can be
cut out of yellow brown paper, and
shoes, look best uiade of black 'velvet.
Memorandum Tablet.
A red Indian is a new and effective
design. Seated before his wigwam,
smoking the "pipe of peace," he ap
pears a very picturesque personage in
deed In his scarlet blanket, edged with
white borders, painted with Indian de
vices, over which fall his heavy plaits
of black hair, interwoven wih strands
of silk and chains of colored beads.
The hand grasping the quill pipe, and
also the moccasins peeping beneath
his fringed leather leggings, are formed
of peanuts. His Inscrutable counte-
AN INDIAN MEMORANDUM: TABLET.
nance Is composed of a walnut shell,
behind which is a headdress of feath
ers and melon seeds. A brown paper
foundation .must be cut out for a
draped figure of this description, to
which the costume is secured by a few
stitches, , the feathers being glued in
place. The little model can then be
oiounted bodily on any background.
1.
Ssa Ziero for all kiadi ofgrass
seed, orcha, timothy and clover
seed. 74tf
O. J. Blackledge arrived home Wednes
day evening from Portland, where he
had been tojpurchase a fresh stock of
goods for his furniture store.
Have your eyes fitted by on who
knows how Matthews, the optician
S4t
, Starr's Bakery ha secured th
service1 of Dick Llewellyn, the
wonderful bread maker. 89 1
The 150-acre Urm of E. J. Bu-f
chanan on Beaver Cr- i was sold
this week by Robiason & S evenson
toE. N. Hunter, of Winchester
Idaho. The consideration was
$6000. Possession is to l eiven in
a month.' Mr. Hunter 1 ft, Tues
day on the return 'to Idah , where
he will eettle hi affairs and. return
later with his family.
See the swell assortment of Xmas
goods jast arrived, at the Bazaar
102
There is to bs a lively gams of basket
ball in 0A.C armory this evening, be
woen the OAC star teamand the Albany
aggregation. This is the last contest o
the sort that takes place before the local
men leave on their tour of the states of
Washington, Idaho, Utah, Montana and
California, and a good crowd should turn
oat tonight to show the boys that the
town has a keen interest in them. Game
to be called at 7 : 30
The missionery society of the Gongr e
Rational church spent, adelightful after
noon at the home of Mrs. Thomas Bell,
Wednesday. About 50 laiies were pres
ent, among whom were Mrs. Eunice
Luckey of Portland, state president of
the society, who gave an address, and
Mrs. Judge Lowell of Pendleton. A
short program and tempting refrnehmeuts
were the features. Mrs. Bell, who is a
charming hostess, was assisted in receiv
ing by Mrs. A. E. Wilkins and Mrs.
Thomas Wbitehorm.
Bellefountain Items.
Wilbur Starr was a Corvallis
business visitor, Tuesday,
Word received lrom George
Paul who recently went from
here to California to be treated
for cancer of the face, is to the
effect that he has already had two
cancers burned out of his lip,
aud it is feared this is not the
end of the trouble.
Residents of the vicinity of
Simpson's chapel are agitating
the subject of a fruit and vegeta
ble cannery for that place. This
is a praiseworthy move and
should be encouraged by every
resident of the locality and all
others hereabouts.
W. H. Dean, who has been
seriously ill with erysipelas of
the face, is improving.
The diphtheria scare has about
blown over, and those who were
afflicted have.recovered. Among
these were the two daughters of
T. M. Coon.
There has been much trouble
experienced here of late from the
falling of the Bell telephoce
poles, which have become
so decayed that they are
constantly toppling over. In
falling they have repeatedly
caught on the Independent lines,
cutting off connections between
Bellefountan and Monroe, caus
ing no end of annoyance and
trouble. Three poles fell over
Tuesday, and BeiJefountain was
practically out of the world for
the time.
Road district Nj. 16, north of
Monroe, is to hold a meeting Sat
urday to discuss the advisability
of levying a two-mill road tax in
that district. The measure will
undoubtedly carry, as all seem to
be in favor of it.
Amateur Essays.
Apropos of extravagant education
there is no mors utter waste, wheth
er in board schools or those of
higher class, than essay writing by
children. A poultry paper quotes a
little boy's effort on that subject.
"Geece is a nasty animal, for thev
will jump up your back and beat
you with their feathers," writes this
budding literary genius, and "the
turkese is a large kind - of hen."
This may be an extreme instance,
but it furnishes the text for an es
say on "geece" of quite another
kind. London Sketch.
CASTOR I A
Tor Infants and Children.
The Kind You Have Always Bought
Bears the
Signature of