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About Corvallis gazette. (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1900-1909 | View Entire Issue (April 3, 1906)
OORVA inn Vol. XXXII. Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon, Tuesday, April, 3, 1906. NO. 29 JLIS SAN JOSE SCALE. Excerpt From OAC Bulletin Prof. A. B. Cordley by Perhaps the worst feature of an attack by San Jose scale is that, owing to its small size and in conspicuous color, it often re mains unnoticed until the tree has been seriously injured or even killed. That the tree lacks vigor may be recognized, but the cause of its unthriftiness is overlooked. Yet it is not difficult to detect when one really looks for it. In the early stage of infestation a few scales may be found, usual ly clustered about the buds of th preceding "season's growth, or even on two year old wood. Th mature scales are grayish in color, being usually but not always somewhat lighter than the bark to wnicn tnev are s closely attached. The immature half-grown scales which may be found with the mature ones, are at the present time somewhat darker in color. The mature females are nearlv circular in shape, are approxi mately one-sixteenth inch in di ameter and each is somewhat raised in the center to form a slight protuberance or nipple which is lighter in color than the rest of the scale. If this scale is carefully examined by means of a small magnifier several con centric circles may be observed between the nipple and the out side edge, and if it be carefully raised with the point of a pin or knife there will be revealed a miniature bright yellow object, the insect itself. On badly infested plants the young scales settle wherever there is room to insert a beak " Into the '"bark'and as" "they "in crease in size they become much crowded and overlapped and have the appearance of a gray scurv deposit on the bark. The nafiral color of the bark is obscured and the infested plant appears as though coated with fine ash colored bran. If the thumb nail or other object is rubbed over this scurvy covering, there by crushing the insects beneath the scales, a moist or oily appear ance is produced and numerous scales will be overturned and many of the little yellow insects be revealed. During the early stages of an attack very few if any of the scales will settle upon the leaves or fruit. Later both may be at tacked. Upon the leaves, espec ially of the prune and peach, the young scales may be found on bo h surfaces and more par ticularly clustered along the midrib. Each scale produces a minute purple spot. Upon purple prunes, red apples, etc., the scales appear only as minute gray specks usually clustered about the cavities at either end, but upon the yellow fruits like pears, peaches, and the yellow plums and apples, each scale pro duces a bright reddish discolor ation If badly infested, the fruit, particularly ef pears and apples, become much pitted, distorted in shape, cracked and unmarketable. For the benefit of fruit inspec tors in particular, it should be noted that the reddish discoloi ations upon the yellow truits are not always caused by San Jose scale. Upon yellow apples and particularly upon peaches very similar spots are produced by at tacks of certain minute fungi. Hence, such spots should not in themselves be taken as proof ot infestation by the scale. This can be determined definitely only by a carefully examination and the actual detection of the scale. The presence of such blotches may well arouse sus picion of the presence f S-n Jose scale and should challeng a careful examinat'ga flllfca. of growers, buyers and mspcioi ; so also should the presence oi dead and shriveled leaves upon the trees in mid-winter invite ex amination for although their presence i not proof of the pres ence of the scale it is evidence that the vitalitv of the tree has been seriously imraired by some cause and in regions where San Tose scale is prevalent that cause in a vast majority of in stances is the scale. On the approach of winter scales of various ages and sizes ma' be found upon infested trees. A very low portion especially ot the immature scales usually perishes during the winter but at the presect writing, March 10, practically all are still alive. We may expect, therefore, with normal conditions tor tne re mainder ot the season, to witness t veiy itecided increase in scale infestation during the coming summer. The male scales aie not cir cular but somewhat elongate. Ut one removes one ot the large circular scales the little , yellow object thereby revealed is a mature female. Under a moder ate power of the microscope she proves to be nearly circular, yellow, sacklike with long, slender, bristle-like mouth parts. An examination of the male shows him to be more elongate and to possess the rudiments of legs, wings, eyes, antennae, etc. The females live and die beneath tbeir scales never leaving them; but in April the males molt for the last time and soon thereafter emerge froai under their scales as minute active creatures with fully developed wings. After mating the males die. In May, possibly earlier under favorable conditions, the females give birth to living young and may continue to produce for six jveeks or longer. The young Are minute, light orange yellow,. give"cfeaTures like mouth parts, two antennae oi feelers, and six legs. After emerging from underthe protect ing scale ot the parent each wanders over the surface of bark,' fruit or leaf until a suitable sit uation is found when the legs and antennae are folded beneath the tody, the bristle like beak is slowly working through the out er bark into the living tissue beneath, from which it draws its substance. At any time during the summer mouths hundreds of these little pests may be seen, even with the unaided eye, as they crawl about over the bark or fruit of infested trees. Even before the young insect has attached itself to the bark the section of the scale has begun. At first it consists only of a fluffy white mass of fine, waxy threads which for the first day or so of its existence cause the young San Jose scale to appear as a minute downy white speck on the bark. As these filaments become more abundant they become fused into a more and more compact scale and assume a yellowish color. Later the young scale-insect molts several times during its growth and the fully developed scale is thus made up of fused wax filaments and the several molted skins. Each female of the over-winter generation is capable under favorable conditions of produc ing approximately one hundred young. In the course of but one month these reach maturity and the females begin to produce another generation. There are thus produced some four or five generations during the entire season, under supposedly iav orable conditions single females of the later generations have been observed to produce approximate ly six hundred young. Basing their estimates upon breeding cage observations, Dr. Howard and Mr. Pergande have shown that is would be possible under the most favorable conditions for the progeny of a single female to reach the astonishing number of 3,216,080,400 individuals in a single session. Sheuld each of these scales reach the largest size, one-tenth of an inch, and were they all placed side by side touching each other in all dirt-c tions there would be enough of them to coy- r appiuximately five acres of . suiface. It is almost needless to add that in the in tense struggle for existence of organism with organism and wuh climat e conin'i'ii such an -'onishing rate of . muftiplica 'n is not even aprp ximated ider natural conditions Never ' less, when nt ealize- the enormous rapidity with which this pest multiplies it is no longer a surprise that careless work of spraying fails to give satisfactory resuls. A few females here and t ere upon very small portion ;f the tree which had not ben reached by the spra may during single season completely rein fect that tree, satisfactory re sults are obtained only by the most thorough work. Every square inch ot surface of trunk, limb, branches and twigs should be thoroughly covered. By far the most common cause of" un satisfactory results is the failure of those who spray to do thorough work. Since the female scale is motionless, and permanently attached throughout life to the branch on which it feeds, it is often asked how is it the San Jse scale can spread from tree to tree, orchard to orchard, .and even for larger distances? It is only during the first few hours of its existence that one of these little pests can emigrate, and ob servation has shown that even then it is incapable by its own efforts of getting more than a few feet at most from the tree on which it was born. But birds and bees and other insects make good airships tor the little creatures, and no doubt many a young scale nas crawled upon large insect and thereon voyaged to the distant realm of another tree or orchard. No doubt also strong gusts of wind often tear them loose from the bark on which they are crawling and waft them to the branches of neighboring trees. These are provisions of nature for disturb ing the species. Through the channels of trade they are car ried long distances, even from continent to continent upon in fested nursery stock, cuttings, etc., and probably to a lesser extent upon infested fruit. Buds and scions carelessly taken from an infested tree may transmit the pest to the orchard in which they are placed or many infest an entire block of trees in some nursery land theaee be distribut ed to many orchards. It is also probable that many are carried about upon the hands and cloth ing of the men who prune the trees or pick the fruit or other wise work about the orchards. By such means has the scale been brought from China, its native home, to San Jose, Calif., whence in thirty-five years it has spread to practically all the 1 fruit-growing states in the Union and to various foreign countries. A Mistaken Idea. It is all a mistaken idea to Buppose that oae mast be a Shake3pearean student to appreciate Shakespearean plays; This is especially true when the parts are represented by Mr. Frederick Warde. 2 Every season ner plays are brought out, but of the hundreds written each year, bat few survive one brief season. It is only the best that stands the only true test the test of time. Plays of Hamlet and Julius Caesar have been annually delighting thousands for a century, and just as they have pl3ased in the past so they will go on pleasing as long as there is a theatre open in the civilized world. Just Because. Your cough is only in the throat and does not trouble you now, don't think that it needs no attention. When it has not. had much of a start is ' the time to check it. The slightest cough easily leads to pneumonia, bronchitis, and consumption. A bottle of Ballard's Horehoaads Syrup will cure that cough. Tke price puts it within reach ef alL Sold by Graham 4 Wortham. BROWN OUT FOR GOVERNOR. Reform Sheriff Out on a Speeping Reform Ticket. (Extract from Baker City Her ald, February 2, 1902 ) Harvey G. Brown, for the past 4 years sheriff of Baker county, an nounces himself as a candidate for the nomination ot governoi on the republican ticket, subject to the voter and not the machine of the party, at the primaries on April 20, 1906. His platform is as follows: The primary law and the elec tion of all officers by . direct vote of the people. . Abolishment of all machines and bosses, and let the people rule. ' Enforcement of all laws, city, county, state and United States and the repealing of the same if not the proper laws for the peo ple. The abolishment of the use of money for campaign funds and purposes by any candidate, fac tion or corporation, only as actual legitimate expenses. And last, but not least, woman suffrage. HARVEY BROWN'S STATEMENT. I believe ia our new primary law because it gives the people a chance to select whom they want; they are not compelled now to take what the old machine and the bosses put up for them at the old conventions. I am a Roosevelt republican, who, in my opinion, is one man that is strictly honest, and one that monev does not tempt, and I think it time that the republicans of Oregon were turning down the old machine and bosses and get ting in line with the people, be cause if they do ikfT tbey "will turn them all down, as they have evidently done in Portland, and get men from another party .who will do as the people want done. The use of monev for compaign purposes I ara strictly opposed to, only as legitimate expenses. Be cause people for the right don't put up money for that purpose, but corporations, wholesalers and retailers in legitimate business and gamblers will put up money to no limit to hold on to and further their interests in the city, county, state and United States. And if they don't put up the the money, and a candidate does, he' jrenerally. as past records wil show, by grafting or usinvr public money, will go wrong al ways to the detriment of the party and the people at large. And here I want to urge the re publican party in every county to nominate tne right kind of men for senators and representa tives to be voted on at the next general election. Now, last of all, but not least, woman suffrage. I believe in it because if a mother is capable of raising a boy from the cradle tomauhood, she is also capable of voting and helping to make laws that help govern the boys after they are men. And if any one in the world has any in fluence over men for the better ment ot mankind and good gov ernment, it is a good mother, wife, daughter, sister or sweet heart, and we will all have to admit there is a very large ma jority of this kind of women in our glorious old Oregon, my na tive state. Now as for my record, it is l ere in Baker county, from childhood. A ad as to my record as sheriff, I have done the best I could 1 r the people under the' circum stances, and can say I am out man that is just as free today a I was the day I went in office, and I will admit that I am it erator or public speaker, but on of the best single handed talker in this county on these subjects, and I expect some great criticisn. from our learned .men. of, the stav. , . . . . Tnese few reasons for my plat form are from mv own personal experience, and is the outcome of mm THERE IS A GIRL IN THE CASE. Perhaps it's your intended, or maybe a daughter. Either way if the watch is one I sold it's a good one. WATCHES that keep correct time are the kind I deal in. It makes 110 difference if the time piece I sell you is a silver-cased one or a iewelled gold-cased chronometer; they both bear my warrantee. I sell at a low margin and that increases my sales. My goods and prices are both satisfactory. Albert J. Metzger WATCHMAKER Occidental Building,- - - - Corvallis Figure any way you will. The man or woman who makes a purchase at our store actually saves money. We do not claim that all our goods are sold at cost, but we do claim that our customers are not deceived That our goods are sold only at a profit consistent with the times, and that marking some goods AWAY UP and some AWAY DOWN is not allowed in our store. A SQUARE DEAL to everybody is our motto. Before commencing house cleaning drop in look over our prices (all in plain figures) and see what we have in FURNITURE, CARPETS, MATTING, WALL PAPER, LINOLEUM, ETC. LARGE LINE OF COUCHES. NEW LINE OF GO-CARTS. GRANITE and TINWARE H01LO3BERG 3 CADY. A Specialty We are making a specialty in the form of the latest and most up-to-date eye glass mounting, ever offered to the public. This eye glass mounting is "The Heard" guaranteed to stay on where others absolutely fail. If you care to investigate call at my store'any time. E.W. S. PRATT, Jeweler and Optician.! SEEING IS BELIEVING Then come in and see my line of Sporting Goods and be mn-M,m"rar vinced that it is the best and most complete line ever brought? to your city, consisting of Guns and Ammunition, Fishing Tackle,55ij Base-ball Goods, Bicycles and Sundries, Pocket Knives, Razors," Sewing Machine Supplies, etc. Gasoline and Dry Cells for sale. Agent for the Olds Gasoline Engines and Automobiles. Guns and Bicycles For Rent. First-class Repair Shop. M. M. LONG, Ind. Phone 128, Residence 324. CORVALLIS, - OREGON. 11 ' my going into office as Sheriff of Baker county determined to find ut the leason why our laws were iot inlorced, and why a majority f all officers go wrong. One of the people. HARVEY K. BROWN. t Take. The Gazette for all the local news. SFEMCER'G Hair I nvigoraioir And Dandruff Eradlcator i ? a 1 13 O rr w o sr a 3 2 5 ' Trad) dirk Registered. Price, - Fifty Cents Manufactured by The Vegetable Compound Company Corvallis, Oregon 9tf STOVES and RANGES IT We Fix Everything Trial Solicited. Work Guaranteed. I r TYL FR New Line of Bicycles, w. r. nun. Columbias and Ramblers. CASTOR I A. , Tor Infants and Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought Bears the Signature of FOLEYSKOIlEYian toe ehlldrmut mafm, wtre -V