Corvallis gazette., April 01, 1904, Page 3, Image 3

HAPPENINGS HERE IN OREGON
OR ANT CATTLE ARB OYlNO.
Heavy Snow Falling and Tempera tors
Drops to Zero.
John Day A snowfall of more than
foot occurred last week in the higher
'alleys of this county. The storm is
quite general, but the fall is not so
-great in the larger valleys. The tern
perature fell " to 14 below zero at this
place. It is almost zero in the colder
flections. With "very few exceptions
this is the coldest weather of the year.
In some of the" higher val
leys the stock situation is decidedly
-serious. Bear valley stockmen are en
tirely out of feed. .Although cattle are
generally strong, grave fears are enter
tained. A disquieting rumcr has been grow
ing, started by messages over the tele
phone. In some places, herds being
cnoved to better feeding grounds, have
been overtaken by the storm and are
now strung aloDg the public roads,
staggering and falling dead. In one
instance the road supervisor found it
necessary to give orders to owners to
remove carcasses from the road.
Stockmen are grimly whetting their
skinning knives, preparing to save the
hides. Only a speedy raise in the
temperature can save enormous losses.
Sheep and horses have not suffered
much loss yet.
BAKER QBTTINQ OUT OF DEBT.
economy in Expenditures Brings War
rants Nearly to Par.
Baker City Baker county is fast get
ting out of debt. Four years ago the
bonded and floating debt of the county
was over $250,000. County warrants
were way below par and. the county
burden was increasing fast. '
By practicing economy and calling a
halt on reckless expenditure, the float
ing debt has been almost wiped out.
At the present rate the entire indebted
ness will be discharged next year.
County warrants are now worth 90
cents on the dollar, which makes them
practically as good as cash, because in
vestors do not care to handle them on
uch a small margin.
Last week the indebtedness of tHe
ounty was reduced about $30,000 by
the payment to Union county of the
-amount due oil account of the "Pan
handle" annexation. A portion of
Union county, known as the "Panhan
dle" was annexed to Baker county ' by
the legislature four years ago. Baker
county had to pay Union county about
40,000 in settlement of various claims.
All this debt-Jias now been paid.
DISEASED HORSES TO BE SLAIN.
Domestic Animal Commission Orders
Slaughter In Umatilla.
Salem Six hundred horses, afflicted
with contagious diseases, will be
killed in Morrow county in pursuance
of an order made by the domestic ani
mal commission. The horses are
owned by Indians living on the Uma
tilla reservation and are afflicted with
mange. The state board has made re
peated efforts in the last two or three
years to induce government authorities
in Washington or at the reservation to
take steps to stamp out a disease that
threatens to spread to all parts - of the
state. All efforts proving fruitless,
the board has at last determined to
take radical measures, and the state
veterinarian has been ordered to kill
the diseased animals and bury them.
The horses are declared to be valueless
because of their diseased condition.
Warner Settlers Prepare to Sue.
Salem J. L. Morrow and other set
tlers in Warner valley, Lake county,
are in Salem perfecting their papers
preparatory to bringing suit to regain,
if possible, the lands which were
awarded to the Warner Valley Stock
company by the department of the in
terior. The suit- will be brought in
the federal courts and will raise the
question whether the lands were swamp
in character in 1860. The Warner
Valley Stock company holds under
deeds from the state, while the settlers
claim as homesteads.
Fallen Trees For the Fire.
Salem The heavy wind storm last
week is likely to increase the amount
of cordwood cut in this vicinity this
year. Timber enough to make many
thousand cords of wood was blown
down and the farmers will cut much of
the fallen timber into cordwood. A
thousand cords of fallen timber on
single farms has been reported in a
number of cases. So far as timber is
concerned, the wind was an advantage
to farmers.
Change Union County Seat.
Ijl Grande A petition has been
filed with the county clerk by Recorder
William Miller, to be presented at the
next meeting of the county court, ask
ing the court to make the petition an
issue for the June election that the
county seat be removed from Union to
La Grande, its former .site. This peti
tion was signed by 2,570 of Union
county residents.
GOOD ROADS FOR LANE.'
Association Formed at Eugene to For
- ward the. Work.
Eugene A meeting was held at the
courthouse which was .well attended
and had for its object a consolidation of
interests and enerigea in the direction
of road improvement in this vicinity.
About 150 interested citizens were pres
ent, and the meeting organized by the
selection of M. Svarverud chairman and
F. M. Wilkins secretary.
Professor J. M. Hyde of the uni
versity, who has long made a study of
road engineering, made the first, ad
dress on the subject and gave much
valuable information for consideration.
President Campbell also made a good
address, as did a number of others.
A committee on organization made
its report, and the Good Roads associa
tion o Lane county took tangible and
permanent form. A constitution was
adopted and a good membership se
cured at once.
It is the intention of this association
to take active step's toward the securing
of first-class highways in all parts of
the county, and to work in the direc
tion of securing judicious and scientific
teturns for the money annually ex
pended for road improvement. The as
sociation declared itself in support of
the Brownlow good roads bill now be
fore congress and will use its influence
in its behalf. .
, TImbermen Must Pay Taxes.
Astoria All the holders of large
timber tracts in Clatsop county, with
the exception of three, have paid their
taxes on the 1903 roll. Representa
tives of these three syndicates were
here and tendered the sheriff 60 per
cent of the tax, but the tender was re
fused, although the sheriff said be
would accept 50 per cent as a first pay
ment, as is allowed by the state law.
The timber men now assert that they
will appeal to the county court for a
reduction, although the chances of
getting a rebate are small.
Fish Price WU1 Be the Same.
Astoria Judging from present indi
cations the opening price of fish the
coming season will be the same as dur
ing the past few years 5 Cents per
pound for those under 25 pounds and 6
cents for those weighing 2 pounds or
over. "The cold storage men are now
endeavoring to ' reach an agreement
among themselves to increase the
weight limit of what are known as
"cold storage" fish from 25 to 30
pounds, but with little success.
PORTLAND MARKETS.
Wheat Walla . Walla," 75c; blue
stem, 81c; valley, 81c.
Barley Feed, $23 per ton; rolled,
$2425.
Flour Valley, $3.903.95 per bar
rel; hard wheat straights, $44.20;
clears, $3.854; hard wheat patents,
$4.404.60; graham, $3.503.90;
whole wheat, $3.654.05; rye flour,
$4.504.75. ' .
Oats No. 1 white, $1.151.17 ;
gray, $1.101.12fe per cental.
Millstuffs Bran, $1819 per ton;
middlings, $24.5026; shorts, $19
20; chop, $18; linseed, dairy food,
$19.
Hay Timothy, $15 16 per ton;
clover, $10 O 11; grain,, $11 12;
cheat, $1112.
Eggs Oregon ranch, 17c.
Butter Sweet cream butter, 30c per
pound; fancy creamery, 2527Kc;
choice creamery, 2324c; dairy and
store nominal.
Butter Fat Sweet cream, 28c;
sour cream, 26 c.
Poultry Chickens, mixed, 12
13c per pound; springs, small, 16
17c; hens, 1314c; turkeys, live, 15
16c, dressed, 1820c; ducks, $8(99 per
dozen; geese, live, 8c.
Cheese Full cream, twins. 1213c:
Young America, 14l5c.
Vegetables Turnips, 80c per sack;
carrots, 80c; beets, $1; parsnips, $1;
cabbage, 2c; lettuce, head, 25
40c per dozen ; parsley, 25c ; tomatoes,
$22. 25 per crate; cauliflower, 75c
$1 per dozen; celery, 65 80c; squash,
2c per pound; cucumbers, $1.752.25
per dozen; asparagus, 8allc; peas,
9c; rhubarb, 9c; beans, 10c; onions,
Yellow Danvers, $22.35 per sack.
Honey $33.50 per case.
Potatoes Fancy, 90cl per cental;
common, 6080c; new potatoes, 3c
per pound; sweets, 5c per pound.
Fruits Apples, fancy Baldwins and
Spitzenbergs, $1.502.50 per box;
choice, $11.50; cooking, 75c.
Hops 1903 crop, 2325c per
pound.
Wool Valley, 1718c; Eastern Ore
gon, 12 15c; mohair, 3235c.
Beef Dressed, 574t per pound.
Mutton Dressed, 67c; lambs, 8c.
Veal Dressed, 78c.
Pork Dressed, 77Kc
JAPS DRIVEN OFF.
Admiral Toco's Entire Fleet Bombards
Port - Arthur.
St. Petersburg, March 24. Another
attack by the Japanese fleet on Port
Arthur, beginning with operations by
torpedo boats and ending with a bom
bardment by battleships and cruisers,
took plaice after midnight Monday.
The emperor received the first mes
sage regarding the attack late this af
ternoon, but nothing was allowed to
reach the public until 10 o'clock.
All information which has reached
St. Petersburg shows that the defend
ers of Port Arthur had taken seriously
to heart the coup of the Japanese tor
pedo boats at the beginning of the war,
and were now maintaining a sharp
lookout.
The Japanese torpedo boats were
twice discovered sneaking toward the
harbor entrance under cover of dark
ness, bnt both times they were detected
far out at sea, and were driven off by
the hot fire opened on them. The
breaking of day necsesarily prevented
farther torpedo" boat operations, but
Admiral Togo brought his battleships
and cruisers up. . The division of his
fleet was for the purpose of making a
cross fire upon the harbor in the hope
of destroying the town and of damag
ing the Russian ships lying in the
basin, or at least demoralizing the per
sonnel of the defending force. ' When
the first official dispatches were re
ceived the belief gained ground that
Vice Admiral -Makaroff had put to sea
and that a naval fight had taken place.
Later advices established the fact that
the admiral had simply gone with the
undamaged portion of "his fleet to the
outer roads, where he could more effec
tively support the batteries, and at the
same time take advantage of any weak
ness which might develop in the ene
my's attack.
AID TO '05 PAIR.
The House Committee Decides on an
. Appropriation of $475,000.
Washington, March 24. A substi
tute for the senate Lewis and Clark
bill, carrying an aggregate appropria
tion of $475,000, was today ordered re
ported by the house committee on ex
positions, the vote being unanimous.
The provisions of the bill are $200,
000 for a government exhibit, includ
ing forestry and irrigation exhibits;
$250,000 for government buildings,
which will include in addition to the
regular government exhibit, the Philip
pine, Alaska, Hawaiian and Oriental
exhibits, and $25,000 for the Alaskan
exhibit.
The bill provides that the plans for
the government buildings shall be pre
pared by the supervising architect of
the treasury and the buildings erected
under contract. The cost of preparing
the grounds and lighting is included in
the appropriation for buildings, and
authority is granted for the coinage of
250,000 gold dollars to be used as souv
eniis. Chairman Tawney, of Minnesota,
who has the bill in charge, will report
it, and no reference will be made to
Sunday closing.
The senate will refuse to accept this
substitute bill after it is passed by the
house, and this will cause it to be sent
to conference. Ah all the conferees
Senators Burnham, Hansbrough and
Daniel, and Representatives Tawney,
Sherman and Bartlett are strongly in
favor of the Lewis and Clark expo
sition, there is good reason to believe
they will increase the appropriation to
the $750,000 asked for.
War Funds are Assured.
Tokio, March 24. The Diet has
adopted resolutions thanking the navy
in the name of the nation for the sev
eral successes that have resulted since
the beginning of the war. It is an
nounced by the leaders of both political
parties that they are in complete ac
cord with the program for raising the
revenue needed for the conduct of the
war. The compromise whereby the
, tax on land has been reduced and that
proposed on salt and silk stuffs is elim
inated from the bill has disarmed the
opposition!, and the revenue bill will
likely be passed without a dissenting
vote. The total amount affected by
the changes is about $5,000,000. It is
said that the bill as finally passed will
provide that the increased tax shall be
levied for one year, and not five, as.
was at first supposed.
Yankee Defies China.
San Francisco, March 24. Officers
of the steamer Coptic, just arrived,
saw the Russian gunboat Mandjur ly
ing in the river at Shanghai, and re
port that her commander is a Captain
Carter, born in the United States, but
a Russian by naturalization. When
ordered to leave Chinese waters, Cap
tain Carter emphatically refused, and
invited somebody to make him move.
At last accounts he was still at Shang
hai with his gunboat. A Japanese
gunboat and a cruiser flying the same
flag passed out of the river.
Russia to Seize Battleships.
Paris, March 24. The Echo de
Paris correspondent at St. Petersburg
says it is rumored in naval circles
there that Captain Reitzenstein's Vlad
ivostok squadron has been ordered to
overtake at a certain point in the Pa
cific the battlship and two cruiesrs
bought fromJChile by Japan and return
with them to Vladivostok. The Rus
sian general staff, estimates that the
number of Japanese troops landed in
Corea does not exceed 75,000.
Russians Prepare for Siege.
St. Petersburg, March 24. The Rus
sians are continuing preparations for a
prospective siege of Port Aithur by
rushing large quantitiesof supplies to
that point.
DESTRUCTIVE FIRE
PRAIRIES OF NEBRASKA ARE BE
INO SWEPT CLEAN.
Blaze Is Past Hope of Control Property
Valued at $100,000 Already ' Des
troyedThree Deaths Reported and
Several Persons MIIar Number of
Small Towns la Danger.-
Loomis, Neb., March 25. A prairie
fire is raging through this section of
the state, and already three deaths are
reported, while a number of farmers
are missing. Houses and stock run
ning far toward $100,000 have already
been lost, and the fire continues with
unabated fury.
August Olson, an aged farmei, is
known to have been burned to death
and two of his hands are missing.
James Lewis and William Anderson,
ranchmen, are also dead. . A number
of cowboys are reported missing from
different directions.
The flamee are past all hope of con
trol, and are leaping across the prairie
at racehorse speed, burning everything
in its path.
The Burlington railroad has sent a
special., train with fite-fighters from
Holdredge to assist the ranchmen in
saving the small towns in the path of
the flames. - From Loomis to the
Platte river, 15 miles, the whole coun
try will be swept clear by the - fire.
Further to the west, toward which the
blaze is sweeping, the prairie country
extends for nearly 200 miles. There
are no streams of note , along this
country, and the fire may sweep to the
bend of the Platte river in that direc
tion. JAPAN'S FOOTHOLD IS 5TRONO.
Elaborate Preparations Made for Handl
ing Troops In Corea.
Chinampo, Corea, March 25. The
organization of the Japanese in Corea
is perfect. Elaborate preparations have
been made for landing troops and ad
vancing them through the country,
and pontoon bridges and stables are
built wherever they are found to Be
necessary. The greatest difficulty fac
ing the Japanese is the commissariat,
as, owing to the poor food supplies of
Corea, it is only possible at present to
maintain 90,000 men.
The Japanese hold two enormously
strong positions at Ping Yang and on
the. Miakokak-San range between
Hwaing-Ju and Seoul. The latter is
practically impregnable and secure
from land attacks from the northwest.
In the event of defeat, it is intended to
hold the passes at Kazan, thus protect
ing Ping Yang valley. The Japanese
troops are suffering from dysentery and
pneumonia, and many of the cavalry
horses, which are poor, have died, but
the army is full of spirit.
There are probably 20,000 Japanese
at Ping Yang, which might easily have
been taken, when the Russian scouts
first arrived, there being then only 250
Japanese soldiers.
WILL NOT LET CHINA JOIN HER.
Japan Will Not Run Risk of Russia Oc
cupying Provinces.
Vienna, March 25. The number of
alarming editorial articles in the Aus
trian press regarding the probability of
China coming to the assistance of Jap
an and making common cause against
Russia has b.ad the effect of creating
genuine alarm throughout the nation
against the "yellow peril," and the
Japanese' minister has been addressed
on the subject. The result has been
the receipt of an official statement
from the Japanese government setting
forth the "real position" of Japan.
After stating in unmistakable terms
the relations between China and Japan,
and the latter's intention of compell
ing China to maintain an attitude of
strict neutrality, the statement con
cludes by saying that "Chinese aid
and support would be in many respects
advantageous to Japan, yet the Japan
ese government cannot run the risk of
Russiaji occupancy of other Chinese
provinces than Manchuria.
Under the War Department.
Washington, March 25. The presi
dent practically has determined that
the Panama canal commission shall be
attached to the war department.
This proposition is not pleasing to all
members of the commission, but the
bureau of insular affairs of the war de
partment has been so successful and
economical in its management of de
tails" of governmental affairs in the
Philippines, Cuba and Porto Rico that
it is felt to be the proper bureau to
look after the myriad details of the gov
ernment of the canal zone.
Censorship to Be Relaxed.
London, March 25. The stringent
Japanese censorship is likely to be re
laxed early in April, says the well-informed
Daily Telegraph's Seoul corres
pondent. In the meantime the veil
has not lifted, and not a word has yet
issued, either officially from Japan or
unofficially from any other source, con
cerning the last bombardment of Port
Arthur. The rumored naval battle off
Port Arthur of March 18 is also totally
unconfirmed.
Russian Ship Reported Lost.
Tokio, March.. 25. A special dis
patch from Mojf, opposite Shimonoseki.
Japan, says the Japanese fleet made
another attack on Port Arthur March
18, bombarded the city and its defens
es, and fought; a furious engagement
with tne Russian fleet outside the har
bor, destroying one battleship. Seven
Japanese casualties are reported.
Automatic Mllbins De-rlca.
The buxom dairy maid will soon be
a thing of the past If a new invention
which has successfully " undergone
numerous tests comes
into general use. The
ingenuity of man has
devised a scheme to ac
complish her downfall
as a necessity in the
agricultural districts.
The invention,
known as the Law
rence - Kennedy cow
milker, is described by
a Lonaon correspona-
ent of the Chicago Inter Ocean. It can
be operated, its inventors claim, . by
any motive power1 steam, water, gas,
oil, or electricity.- Pictures showing
Iris' 'method Of op'ration have the fol
lowing explanation:
. "Connected by pipes with a vacuum
contlnulng-tank is the tube A. The
other end of the tube Is connected
with the pulsator G, which rests
upon the cone-shaped pail placed be
tween the cows. From the pulsator
two rubber tubes BB branch out right
and left, one to each cow, and each
tube is attached to four rubber cups
C, which are fastened to the cow.
When the vacuum cock is turned on
the pulsator commences to work and
causes the cups to collapse and ex
pand and thus extract the milk. The
milk on its way to the pail can be
seen passing through a glass trap or
indicator D, which is protected by a
wire cage. The number of pulsations
per minute can be regulated by screws
which give adjustability to the char
acteristics of each cow."
Lime in Agriculture.
The use of lime on land has not been
largely encouraged by scientists In the
past, though it has been used to a con
siderable extent in isalated localities.
Kit was at first considered from the
standpoint of plant food, and as such
of course it would not receive a very
enthusiastic support from men that
had found out by various tests that
there was already in the soil more
lime than the plants could use. When
the soils of the various States came
to be examined for acid, it was found
that many of them were so strongly
acid that some of our most important
plants would not grow on them satis
factorily. In the soil surveys carried
on during the past three years in Illi
nois it has been found that one-third
of the soils of the State are so strongly
acid that they will not grow red clover
and other legumes successfully until
treated with lime. Of the other two
thirds of the State some of the soils
are slightly add and would be im-
I proved by an application of lime.
Poultry Le- Band.
The illustration shows a neat and
durable leg band, which is easily put
on, and one which will ' be no incon
venience to the fowl. It is made from
a 2-inch strip of tin pointed at one end,
and a hole made through the larger
end. If it is desired to have a num
ber or letter on the band, cover the
larger end with grease, in which care
fully write the number or letter with
some pointed Instrument Then apply
muriatic acid, which will cut Into the'
surface of the tin where grease has
been removed. After the band has
been put around the leg of the bird in
sert the pointed end through the hole
in larger end and bend point down
flat
Lime for Sheep Sorrel.
Where sheep sorrel is a nuisance in
hayfields, liming of the soil is an ef
fective remedy. From experiments
noted by the Department of Agricul
ture it is believed that the appearance
of sorrel is due to acidity of the soil.
Lime Neutralizes such acid conditions.
The Rhode Island experiment station
has for some years been experiment
ing with lime applications, in connec
tion with other fertilizers. In all
cases where tried on grass lands the
liming Increased the total yield to a
very marked extent, in many Instances
to over three times that of the un
limed lands, otherwise similar in char
acter. The effect of liming on timothy
and clover fields was highly beneficial.
Spraying Frnit Tree.
Spraying fruit trees for the purpose
of destroying Insects and fungus
growths is no longer looked upon as a
fad, but is recognized as being an ab
solute essential where the best results
in fruit growing are expected. In the
matter of spraying the average farm
er who has but a small orchard has
much to learn from the specialist
Many thousand carloads of fruit are
POTJLTBT LEO BAND.
old annually In the corn belt that have -been
raised In other States,- under
conditions that are no more favorable
for fruit growing than those of the
corn belt providing the same care
could be exercised in handling the
fruit trees. Spraying Is an operation
that should not be performed in a hap-
hazard manner, and should only be
taken up after obtaining specfic advice
pertaining to it In this regard the
experiment stations of the corn belt
stand ready to furnish individuals with
formulas and directions for this work.
Iowa Homestead.
Tne Farmer' Reverie.
Th nights is gittin' shorter an' th' days
is gittin' long.
An' yest'day, i-jing, I heerd a robin red
breast's song;
Jes' let me say in pas-sin' when a robin
starts tew sing
Thet if s a shore-nuff sign we hain't so
fur away from spring,
I calkilate th' grass is sproutin' some
beneath th' snow;
Th' sap is sort o' thaw In an' a-tryin'
hard to flow;
Th' crow looks down an sasses e ho
flies past on th' wing.
An, somehow, things begin tew sort o
smell tew me like spring.
'Fore long I'll be a-traipsin' on th' hill
behind the plow
Inste'd osettin 'fore th' fire like I'm
a-doin now
A-lis'nin' in th' furrow f er th' dinner bell
tew ring
A-cussin' Jeff and -Kate an' kind o' hap
py cus it's spring.
Some folks prefers the winter time an
sum prefers th' fall,
While summer time suits others, yit it,
sumhow, don't suit all.
Es fur es I'm consarned, ef I could her
my choice, i-jing,
I reckon I would hev th' hull endurin
year jes' spring.
Potato Iiaa;er.
S. A. Pollock, of Cass county, Iowa,
writes: "I have never found much
use for any tool to scratch out pota
toes after a digger of any kind save
my fingers, but I know so many are
averse to this habit that I have de
vised a tool whereby they can scratch
out potatoes without using the fingers
POTATO DIGGER.
for the work. It is made in the shape
of a rake, but instead of using teeth,
pieces of heavy wire bent as observed
in the illustration and riveted in the
head will be found very useful. The
wires will let all the loose dirt pasa
through and being close together will
bring out all tubers that are not small
enough to pass through between the
wires." Exchange.
What Does the Pork Coat
It is periods of depression in values
that put the hog grower to the crucial
test W. A. Henry, the Wisconsin ex
pert on porcine matters, Insists that
the corn belt hog grower has not yet
got down to the basis of making pork
at a minimum cost When corn is
worth 25 cents a bushel it can be
thrown to swine ad libitum, but with
grain worth 40 cents, the horse as
sumes a different hue. Growers unite
in declaring that they cannot make
pork profitably at four cents. G. J.
Maggenheimer, of Hamlet Ind., a suc
cessful grower on a large scale, told
the writer only recently that $4.10 wan
the cost of his hogs at the shipping
point Consequently, thousands of
growers are taking the easy horn of
tne dilemma and shipping the stock
to market lacking maturity.
The problem at present before the
grower-ls whether or not he can fur
nish his hog crop and market it at
heavy weights profitably. Feeding
either hogs or cattle for recreation is
not desirable. Many feeders did both
last year, hence the indisposition to re
peat the performance. Live Stock
World.
Good Jersey Cow Record.
Will give you the record of our 14
Jersey cows for the year 1903:
Butter sold, 4,885 pounds $1,322 0?
Cream and buttermilk 73 10
Total . $1,395 17
This does not Includs cream and but
ter used by the family of six. Neither
does it include calves or skim milk.
Ralph Brenner, Mercer County, Penn
sylvania. A Beom in Connecticut Orcharding.
There are over 4,700 acres of apple
orchards and 3,600 acres of peach or
chards In Connecticut In which the
trees are cared for and the fruit han
dled on a commercial scale. New
Haven County contains 218,000 peach
trees, and Hartford County comes next
with 167,000. Either county has, to
day, more peach trees than there were
in the whole State ten years ago.
To Fatten a Horse Quickly.
To fatten a horse quickly in order to
improve its appearance before sale.,
feed liberally of corn meal, steamed
oats and clover hay, adding a little lin
seed meal to the grain ration. Exer
cise but little, and give purging salts
once a week. Feed at least three times
a day and supply plenty of water. A
horse not too wild will often gain sev
eral pounds a day for a fortnight un
der this plan.
Good Roads and Social Life.
The advent of good roads will pro
mote attendance at school and the
church; facilitate social gatherings, lit
erary societies, dramatic entertain
ments, and make club and lodge meet
ings possible to the farmer's family in
the winter and spring months. Give
the bright young men -and women of
rural districts these privileges and
there will be a smaller tendency o
their drifting to the city.