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About Corvallis gazette. (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1900-1909 | View Entire Issue (June 24, 1902)
TORY OF BOER WAR. Ml ACCOUNT BEGINS WITH RAID BY DR. JAMESON. 'all of Two Republic Made Certain Yeara Later Boera Force Conflict by Invading Natal Capture of Cronje la BeKinninic of the End. The origin of the. Aiiglo-Boer war may be said to date from the Jameson raid of 180G. The details of that as sault on the Integrity of the Dutch repub lics in Sovth Africa are yet fresh In the public recollection. Dr. Jameson was a Scotchman residing in Cape Colouy and largely interested with Cecil Khodes and other British GEN. CRONJE. subjects in gold and diamond mining. The object of the raid was to over throw the authority of the Transvaal and Orange Free State governments to levy tribute upon the product of the mines. This tribute was regarded as excessive and is still viewed in that light, but as the workers of the mines were deriving Immense fortunes from them little hardship was Inflicted. The defeat of lr. Jameson's project and his capture restored the status quo for a time. The raider was sent to England for trial. He was received there more as a hero than as one guilty of an offense against the comity of na tions. After a farcical trial he was acquitted and set at liberty. This en raged the Boers and let them to the be lief that the raid had been prearranged In Loudon and had the sanction of those in authority. It was likewise taken as a forecast of the British poli- GKNKltAI. WHITE AND STAFF IN LADYSM1TH. cy of the future and a menace to the Independence of the republics. Krujcer Precipitates the War. The war may be said to date from Oct. 1. 1NIH). when Paul Kruger, Presi dent of the South African Republic, sent his ultimatum to (Jront Britain. This was a flat re fusal of the British lemand that sub lets of t lie crown .. allowed equal ;olitical privileges with natives of the two rcpu'.ilcs the I'runsvnal and the i Mange Five Slate. Previous to this Mr. Krugcr had reached si'llAl.K-lil i:u. i an understanding with President Steyn of the Orange live State by which they became allies to resist the British encroachments to the extremity of war. It soon developed that a conflict with Great Britain had long been foreseen by the Boer governments. In an in credibly short time they had placed armies in the field composed of trained sharpshooters armed with the best of modern rifles, while their artillery was of the most .effective and handled with a skill that left no room to doubt that the men behind the guns thorougbly understood t heir business. The Boer plan of campaign original ly was to advance rapidly with a large force of mounted troops into Cape .Col ony and Natal and sweep the British Into the sea. In the light of subse quent events it Is clear that during the first three months of the war this was practicable, since there were then few British In Cape Colony aud the majority of the colonists were ready to rise. But the possibility of captur ing Khodes In Kimberley, Badeu-Fow- COL. BADKS-IWVELL The defender of Mafeklus. as he appeared at the head of his scouts, leadlujf a sortie from Mateklug. ell in Mafeking and tieneral White's force near I.adysmith diverted their energies till the arrival of large British ' forces made the plan appear imprac- ' tlcuble. Pen British in I.uUyattiith. The British plan at the outset was mainly defensive, tieneral White, iu J Natal, deemed it important to defend ' I.adysmith and the stores accumulated j there, though it was not a good posi- ' tiou. tieneral Symons was seut a few miles north of that place, to Dundee, . to oppose the Boer forces from the north. So long as Ladysmith could be held the invasion of Natal was ob structed. The first encounter was at Dundee Oct. 20, when the British carried the Boer position by a frontal attack, bar ing their commander. General Symons,' killed and losing 4'Jl men, including 296 taken prisoners. Next day at Elandslaagte-they had less equivocal success, but lost 223 killed and wound ed. On Oct. 24 there was a fight at Kiefontein, wjth a loss of 111, while the force at Dundee was withdrawn by a circuitous route. Soon after, Oct. 30. at Farquhar's farm and Nicholson's nek there was a British defeat. White losing 1,226 men, of whom 925 were taken prisoners. The whole British army of Natal was soon after shut up in Ladysmitb and so-remained till Feb. 28. 1900. Thus it appears that less 'than- two weeks after President Kruger's ulti matum was sent to London an armed force of Boers under General Joubert was invading Natal. The British forces were not prepared to meet them and fell back on I.adysmith, where they were immediately besieged. Simulta neously a Boer .-ommando Invested Kimberley, -Colenso and other towns in which British garrisons were lo cated. The .casualties were at first Insignifi cant, the fighting unimportant, but for several months the British were the heaviest losers, especially in officers, it seeming to be the Boer tactics to pick off the commanders. Huller Meets First Defeat. Oct. 15 General Sir Kedvers Buller was dispatched from England to the seat of war. It was nearly a month before he arrived there. Taking com mand immediately he began a forward movement from the northern part of Cape Colony, sending a dispatch to En gland as he took up his line of march toward the north stating that he in tended eating his Christmas dinner In Pretoria. But at the Modder River he encountered unexpected obstacles. The 1 JiLIMJziLJj rainy season had begun and the Boers had destroyed all the bridges across me stream. Several ineffectual at tempts were made to ford it. but each was met by a galling lire from the Boers on the northern banks, who had taken advantage of the natural forma tion of the country and had besides thrown lip strong earthworks within easy rifle range of all the possible fords. On Oct. 16 the British garrison at Mafeking was attacked and a siege lasting 213 days was begun. In all At Klaiulslangte one of ttie Boers stood fir ing until the Hrlllsli cavalry was within twenty yards. He then jumped up behind mother uud a British corporal run both 111 rough with Ills Inueo. The lancer, who could not withdraw his lance, was shortly afterward killed. directions the Boers swarmed in small parties, attacking detached squads of the British wherever found and indict ing serious loss in killed, wounded and captured. Garrisons Suffer for Food. Meantime the garrisons at the be sieged towns were suffering extreme hardships. The supply of provisions was small, as no one had anticipated the contingencies .at uad arisen. Both citizens and soldiers were placed on short rations. In I.adysmith particu larly the privations werereat. Horses, dogs, cats aud even rats were utilized as food. The Mafeking garrison under Colonel Baden-Powell refused to surrender. A party of 870 soldiers had been cap tured by the Boers on the second day of the siege, thus reducing the defend ers of the town to a mere handful. Mafeking was in a sorry plight. The Boers shelled the town Nov. 6 and Inflicted severe damage. Then the British attempted to cross the Modder Kiver. They were driven back with heavy loss. At Stormberg on Dec. 10 General Gatacre lost 1,000 men in battle. On the following day General Wauchope fell iu an engagement at Spyfontain. On the 13th General Buller endeavored to cross the Tugela Biver, but was driven back with a loss of 1,000 men and eleven guns. Roberta Raises Kimberley Siege. Several other disasters to the Brit ish arms occurred In various places, and the government, finding the offi cers in command unequal to the emer gencies confronting them, ordered General Roberts to the front. He ar rived at the scene of action en Dec. 31, 1S99. and immediately took command, his force being estimated at 250,000 men. General Lord Kitchener accom panied him. as his chief of staff. The matter deemed of the first im- I SLAVGIiTCniNd BOKRS. PAUL THE GREAT SOUTH AFRICAN STRUGGLE AND ? SOME OF Some of tbe Chief Actora. Lord Salisbury, prime minister of Great Britain and Ireland. - ' . Lord Milner, home commissioner in South Africa. Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener, commanders In chief. .. Generals French, Inn Hamilton, Bruce Hamilton, Tucker and Kekewlca. President Kruger of South African Republic. President Steyn of Orange Free State. General Schalk-Burger, acting president of Transvaal. Generals Joubert (dead) and Louis Botha, commanders In chief. CommnndaDts De Wet, Delarey. Cronje, Voljoen and Kritiinger. Memorable Incidents. ---British "black week" disasters at Stormberg,. Magersfonteln and Colenso, Dec. 10-15, 1899. . Sir Kedvers Buller superseded by Lord Roberts as commander In chief, with Lord Kitchener as chief of staff, Dec. 18, 1899. Spion Kop. Jan. 23-24, 1900. Cronje surrenders to Roberts at Paardeberg, with 4,000 men, Feb. 27, 1900. Bloemfontein occupied March 13. Pretoria Jnne 5. 1900. General Jojbert dies March 27, 1900. Annexation of Orange Free State proclaimed May 28, 1900. Annexation of the Transvaal Oct. 25, 1900. Surrender of l'rinsloo, with 3,000 Boers, July 30, 1900. President Kruger flees from the Transvaal Sept. 11, 1900. Lord Roberts sails for home Hec. 11. 1900. lie Wet's raid in Cape Colony, December, 1900, and January, 1901. Unsuccessful negotiations for peace, February, 1901. Botha's unsuccessful raid on Zululand, September, 1901. Kitchener s big drives of De Wet and Delarey, spring, 1902. Delarey's capture of Methuen, spring, 1902. Peace negotiations begun March 23, 1902. Death of Cecil Rhodes. March 20. 1902. Terms of surrender signed May 31, 1902. Cost in Life and Treasure British offl ers. 1,064; men, 21,142; total, 22,208. Sent home Invalided Officers, 3,030; men, 70,962; total, 73,982. Boers tnot exactly knowu). Losses reported of all kiuds up to 1U02, 78,320. Losses of all kinds in 1902. 6,500. Probable actual number of Boers engaged, 70,000. Boers reduced at end of war to 8.000. Prisoners at Cevlon. St. Helena, Bermuda and Cape, 40,000. Cost in money to Great Britain, estimated, $1,250,000,000. portance was the relief of. Kimberley. General French, the dashing cavalry commander, was detailed to the task, and with a strong force marched for the beleaguered town. On his approach the Boers abandoned their positions, not even offering battle, and the town was relieved Feb. 15, l'JOO. This was the first piece of good for tune for the British army. It was fol lowed by a battle with General Cronje; who, with 4,000 men aud a number of guns, was forced to surrender on Feb. 27. The entire lot of Boer prisoners was deported to the island of St. Helena. On Feb. 2S, 1000, General Huller, after overcoming a stubborn resist ance, succeeded in relie'ving Lady smith. Then followed the surrender of Bloemfontein. On March 27 the Boers suffered an Irreparable loss in the death- of their commander-in-chief. General Joubart. They were driven from point to point and finally, on June 5, Pretoria surrendered, followed some seven weeks later by the sur render ofGeneral Trinsloo with 3,350 men. President Kruger had meanwhile be come a fugitive. He left the capital by stealth and made his way to Dur ban, where tie secured passage on a French vessel for Marseilles. Sept. 1 the Transvaal was declared by proclamation annexed tothe Brit ish empire and Lord Roberts, deeming his work accomplished, started back to England, setting sail Dec. 12, leav ing General Kitchener in supreme com mand. The year 1901 was not marked by any especially noteworthy events. The Boors kept up a desultory guerrilla war fare, attacking small parties of British soldiers wherever found. General Botha was nominally in chief com mand, but most of the fighting was done by General Christian De Wet and General Delarey, both of whom kept the British forces In hot water most of the time. Time after time De Wet was reported to be securely entrapped, but he always managed to escape cap ture. The most notable events of recent date were the capture by the British of General Schoeppers, who was badly wounded. He was tried by a military court on the charge of violating the A BOER COMMANDO CAPTURED BY BKITISH CAVALRY, KRUGER. ITS TRAGIC FEATURES. laws of war, found guilty and shot, al though he had to be carried from the hospital -tent to the place of execution. March 7 of the present year General i.ord Methuen was defeated, wounded and taken prisoner by General Delarey. He was promptly released and given a safe-conduct to the British lines. In return for this act of clemency Gen eral Kritzinger, a Boer commander, GENERAL JOUBERT. was set at liberty by Lord Kitchener. The overtures for peace were made by the British, commander early last March. Some difficulty was experi enced in reaching the Boer command ers in the field, who were widely scat tered. They were finally brought to gether and after a consultation last ing several days it was decided to sub mit the British proposition to tbe men in arms and to abide oy the decision of the plebiscite. If you were written up as the hero (or heroine) of a hovel, as you actually are, how the critics would roast such a character! It was a great Idea to refer to a cir cus as "a great moral show." Disfigured Skin Wasted muscles and decaying bones. : What havoc! Scrofula, let alone. Is capable of all that, and more. -. - It is commonly marked by bunches in the neck, inflammations in tbeeyes, dys pepsia, catarrh, and general debility. - It is always radically and permanently cured by - , . Hood's SarsapariUa Which, expels all humors, cures all erup tions, and builds up tbe whole system, whether joung or old. v Hood's Pills care liver ills; the noa-irriUiUug and only cathartic to take with Hood's SmapariU. - Hew to Be Happy. ,"They gay that Mamie's twice as happy since her divorce." "She ought to be. Her husband used to allow her (30 a month for spending money,, and now she gets $60 for alimony." San Francisco Town Talk. : . . ' . - ; CITfi Permanently Cnrea. So fits ar nemosaeai III after tint da' npeof Dr. Kline's Great Neirt Xestonr. Sond for FREE 8 i.tN) tril bottle ni to is. fi.R.li.KxiM.Ltd..tai Arch St Philadelphia, P A Poser for "Pop." Teddy Pa? . Pa Yes, dear. Teddy May I ask a question? Pa Certainly, Teddy. Teddy Where's the wind when it don't blow? New York Times. Poison oatt Poison ivy are among the best known of the many dangerous wild plants and shrubs. To touch or handle them quickly produces swelling and inflammation with in tense itching and burning of the skin. The eruption soon disappears, the suf ferer hopes forever : but almost as soon as the little blisters and pustules appeared the poison had reached the blood, and will break out at regular intervals and each time in a more aggra vated form. This poison will loiter in the system for years, and every atom of it must be forced out of the blood before you can expect a perfect, permanent cure. Nature's Antidote FOR Nature's Polsoas, is the only cure for Poison Oak, Poison Ivy, and all noxious plants. . It is com posed exclusively of roots and herbs. Now is the time to get the poison out of your system, as delay makes your condition worse. Don't experiment longer with salves, washes and soaps they never cure. Mr. S. M. Marshall, bookkeeper of the Atlanta (Ga.) Gas Light Co., was poisoned with Poison Oak. He took Sulphur, Arsenic aud various other drugs, and applied externally numerous lotions and salves with no benefit. At times the swelling and inflammation was so severe he was almost blind. For eight ,ears the poison would break out every season. His condition was much improved after taking one bottle cf S. S. S., and a few bottles cleared his blood of the poison, and all evidences of tbe disease disappeared. - People are often poisoned without Knowing wnen or now. .explain your case fully to our physicians, and they will cheerfully give such information and ad vice as you require, without charge, and we will send at the same time an interest ing book on Blood and Skin Diseases. THE SWIFT SPECIFIC CO.. ATLANTA, OA. r Cet a Peppery Cook. "Cooks," said the wise woman, "vary their cooking acording to their personal characteristics. Get a char acterless cook and you will find taste less viands set before you. Did you ever notice that a good cook is a very peppery sort of a person, as a rule?" New York Times. YANKEE METHODS GALL EUROPE McCormick Reapers Score Success at Prague Implement Show. Special cableto the Chicago Daily News Prague, June 6. At the annual. Bo hemian agricultural and implement fair now open in this city the methods of American exhibitors, especially those of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company of Chicago, angered their German and Austrian competitors. The McCormick Company showed reapers, mowers and binders in opera tion and monopolized the attention of the visitors. The German and Aus trian firms appealed against these "underhand methods," but the police refused to interfere. The Americans secured 90 per cent of the orders, and for a time 'it looked as though the Euro peans would provoke a riot. ' Right in It "I have teen making a tour of the South," remarked J. B. Joseph. "I was greatly amused on alighting from the train on' the Georgia Central, in Savannah. The station is surrounded in all directions - by a lot of saloons. In great illuminated letters over one of these saloons was the sign : - " 'Open all night.' " Tlie Kind You Have Always Bought has borne the signa - ture of Chas. H. Fletcher, and has been made under his personal supervision for over 30 years. Allow no one to deceive you in this. Counterfeits, Imitations and Just-as-good are but Experiments, and endanger the health of Children Experience against Experiment. What is CASTORIA Castoria Is a harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Pare goric, Drops and Soothing Syrups. It is Pleasant. It contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other .Narcotic substance. Its age is its guarantee. It destroys Worms and allays Feverishness. It cures Diarrhoea and Wind Colic. It relieves Teething Troubles, cures Constipation, and Flatnlencv. It assimilates the Food, regulates the Stomach and Bowels, giving healthy and natural sleep. The Children's Panacea The Mother's Friend. The Kind You toe Always Bought Bears the In Use For THC CCNTAUH COW MMY. TT 1 . longer. Stranger Do people really have theii offices in the tops of those sky scrapers? Manhattan Of course. The days are longer up there than they are on the frtreet level, and every minute counts here. Town Topics. : -- - Hamlin's Wizard Oil will cure a larger number of painful ailments than any thing which you can find? " Y Plate Powder. - Plate powder is usually made of rouge and prepared chalk. Plate powder con taining mercury pnts a splendid polish on silver, but is very injurious. A lady who had previously used Monopole Syrup, after moving to Cali fornia, wrote us that she had not been able to find anything as good as Mono pole in that state and desired us to see to it that she could be supplied. Such comments as this on Monopole Grocer ies are very common, but . there is a reason for it. The finest which the world affordsj is packed under the Mon opole brand. Most first-class grocers handle Monopole. Accounted For. "He looks so grave." - "That's because he is buried in himself." It Cnrea While Ton Walk. Allen's Foot-Ease makes tight and new shoes Fuel mut. It is a certain cure for sweating, cal lous and swollen, tired.hot, aching feet. Try it oaay. Atauarnggists.zac i rial package mail ed FREE. Adreas Allen S. Olmsted, LeRoy, Coral. Coral is a shell of carbonate of lime, inhabitted by an animal, which can be readily detected under the micro scope in any piece of live coral freshly taken from the water. FIGURES FOR FARMERS. Some Remarks on the Practical Use of Bind ing Twine. What appeals to the farmer, in the matter of Twine, is satisfaction in use, and its economy. A poor article is dear at any price. A clean, strong twine is a pleasure to use. In economy note the following fig ures,' and see that a pure Manila, 650 feet to the pound, will tie more bun dles at a given cost than any other brand. Estimating the cost to the consumer at the following prices we have: Allow ing 2ft per- sbeaf llbwill bind Cost per 1000 feet bdl for le. Brand Clover Leaf Manila. Sisal fc Standard. $16 15 13 t2t.60 25.00 26.40 325 bdl R Ml 250 bdl 20.3 20 18.8 Of course the number of bundles per acre will depend on how heavy the g'ain is; but on the basis of 400 bun dles per acre the cost per acre would be: Pure Manila, 650 feet per pound, 19.7 cents per acre; Manila, 600 feet per pound, 20 cents per acre, Sisal Standard, 500 feet per pound, 21.3 cents per acre. Owing to its superior quality many consumers think the brand known as Four Leaf Red Clover is the product of some Eastern manufacturer, whereas it. is made in Portland, Oregon, as can be seen from the tag on each ball. From Eastern farm journals it can be readily seen that the large Eastern manufac turers are responsible for the high price of fibre and maintaining the yalue of Sisal and Standard twine. They con trol the Sisal fibre situation in Yuca tan, where all the fibre for the world's consumption is raised, and holding the market up to a price that prevents the smallei mills from getting fibre at a low enough price to compete with them. If farmers will only remembei that 650 feet Manila is tbe cheapest in the end and use this quality of twine, they will develop our trade with the Philippines, which means an increase of population on the Pacific coast and broadening the market for farm products. I CORN! CORN! CORN! I SWEET CORN, 15 Varieties. FIELD FODDER CORN, 8 Varieties. POP CORN Don't Forget That ft "THE OLDEST TRUST COMPANY IN OREOON." PORTLAND TRUST COMPANY of OREGON INCORPORATED APRIL 22, 1887. BENJ. I. COHEN, President. B. LEE PAGET, Secretary. The Portland Trust Company of Oregon Issues Interest Bearing Certificates of Deposit on the Following Terms: On Special Certificates of Deposit, not less than 500 each, payable upon ten days' call by the holder or ten days' notice by the Trust Company, S4 per cent per annum. Payable on thirty davs' call or thirty days' notice, S'4 per cent per annum. Payable on ninety days' call or ninety days' notice, 4 per cent per amirnn. On certificates of $5,UU0 or over interest will be paid quarterly or semi-annually if desired. PORTLAND TRUST COMPANY OF OREGON, . 109 Third Street. Portland, Oregon. nrvn i Signature 01 Over 30 Years. MURftAV TWCCT. HKW CITT. 3 No Hair? "My hair was' falling out very fast and I was greatly alarmed. I then tried Ayer's Hair Vigor and my hair stopped falling at once." Mrs. G. A. McVay, Alexandria, O. The trouble is your hair does not have life enough. Act promptly. Save your hair. Feed it with Ayer's Hair Vigor. If the gray hairs are beginning to show, Ayer's Hair Vigor will restore color every time. Sl-W a tonic AH aranWs. Tf vonr drntnrist cannot supply TOO. send us one dollar and we wiir express yon a bottle. Be snre and Eive toe uams of your nearest express office. Address, J, C. A YER CO., Lowell, Mass. Cutta PerchaT There is a demand for gutta percha 600 t mes greater than the supply. Mothers will find Mrs. Wlnsiow's Sooth ing Syrup the best remedy to use for their Shtldren during the teething period. The Earthquake Record. Greece holds the earthquake record with 3,187 shocks in five years. Call on the Mct'ormiok agent, or t'ATA LOUUK MAII.KD FREE by A. H. BOYLAN, General Agent, McCormick Harvesting Machine Co., Portland, Oregon. " WITH A 1 MILWAUKEE MOWER I You can cut mere bay with the 5) - same team in the ?a:ne time and ? with less work than with any other a Mower. What more could you want? f J. A. FREEMAN, Genl. Agt. $ 290 East Water St., PORTLAND, OREGON. ft Walter A. Wood and Minnie Extras BISHOP SCOTT ACADEMY FoiUnnd, Oiegon. Founded 1370. & Home School for Boys. Military and Manual Training. Write for Illustrated Catalogue. ARTHUR C. NEWILL, Principal Farmers In the corn states are more prosperous g. than anv others in the world. 'Nouah sairt Vj It is well to plans corn and write us for prices. Jgj LAMBERSON, Portland, Ore. i HOW ABOUT IT? When you strike a stump with th ordinary push cut mower, something happens about as shown ia the above illustration, and they are all push cuts, and all will do this except the Champion Draw Cut Slower. This serves to show that pressure against the bar will raise the wheels from ground, decrease traction and cutting power. With the Cham pion Draw Cut the contrary Is the result pres sure anainst the bar in heavy cutting gives downward pull, holding the wheels tighter to the ground. Increased traction, more power, making the most powerful cutter on the mar ket. This fact stands undisputed, and if you want the best mower made, buy the Champion Draw Cut. Send for book of testimonial letters from hun dreds of delighted customers all over Oregon, Washington and Idaho. MITCHELL, LEWIS & STAVKH CO., Ueueral Agents, Portland, Or Summer Resolutions TAKE Keel&y Cure Sure relief from liquor, opium and tobacco habits. Send for particulars to U.- -i; Moved to 4iSI Williams R.66ley IDStilUIB Ave.. Fo.tlaiid. Oregon M. F. X, V. No. 851902. W HEN writing to advertisers pleaia snention this paper. BUY THE C 0. K. HAY RAKES r Kins; of the Meadow. r J Both Hand ami Self Du up. S 8 feet. 9 feet 10 feet - 12 feet v 1 11