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About Morning daily herald. (Albany, Or.) 1885-19?? | View Entire Issue (Dec. 15, 1889)
THE MOlfflEKG HEBALDi SUNDAY, DECEMBEK 15, 1KS9 UN'CLE SAM'S FARM. The Biffircst Thincr of the Kind - rtj ' on the Face of the Earth. TIIK HIMIU AND A KIT ItEOION Altbengb Ow 700,000,000 Acres Hav Bats Bald nd DsoiteJ, 1,150,000, 000, Bemaia in tha Market. Since indejieiidenec was achieved the United states government has been the largest owner of arable land on earh. The total area of the piiblio domain, sold and un Fold, amounts 1,849,072,587 acres, and ron.stitutCH 7'J jilt cent, of the area of the United .States, including Alaska. Alxmt 7OO,O0J,O0O aires of land have ftcon sold and donated, about 1, 500,000 000 acres remain unsoiii. as tno Area or AiasKa is 30;i,r):;o,000 acres, the area unsold exclusive of that territory is uljout 780,000,000 acres. This vast landed estate, says Joseph Ximmo, Jr., in Frank Les lie's Illustrated Ncwspaja-T, was acquired by the war of indepen dence; by the purchase from Franco in 180: of the enormous area known as the Province of Louisiana, extending from the Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean ; by the purchase of Florida in 1821, from Spain, by the treaty of i trace with Mexico, in 1848, and the supplemental treaty of 185.", which nave as California and brought our southern Itoundary line down from Oregon to where it is now; by purchase of lxrder lands from Texas in 1850, and by the purchase of Alaska from Hussia in lSr',7. The cost of the public do main for purchase, quieting Indian M'cupancy titles, surveys, and sales, has been 17 2-5 cents per acre. The prices at which the public lands haw been sold have ranged from VlYt cents to $2.50 per -acre for agricultural lands ; $2.50 to $5 per acre for mineral lands except coal lands, which are sold at $10 and $20 iter acre, according to lo cation with respeot to land grant railroads. The governmental bal ance sheet on account of public lands on June IJOtli, 1880, stood thus: Kxitendilures Purchase ami cessions Surveying and sale ship in the same uniform manner from one to thirty-six was devised during the period when our na tional government was a confed eracy. The bill which enacted it is dated May 20, 1785, and was re ported by a committee of which Thomas Jefferson waa chairman. Such, briefly, are some of the more important historical facts in regard to "Uncle .Sam's Farm". And now let us turn from the past to the present and future. Great questions of administration and of public policy confront us, and de mand solution - at the hands of the generation which now controls the destinies of the nation. The national domain is divided by nature into two distinct areas, sometimes designated as the "hu mid region" and the "arid reirion". The former embraces all lands uiKin which agriculture mav be ... j carried on ty means oi the natural . i rainfall, and'the latter the area in winch agriculture can Ito success fully prosecuted only by means of artificial irrigation." Tlie physical characteristics of the arid region atlect the national pitable region. Soon the brave frontiersmen who composed this host of fortune-seekers were driven by the sheer force cf circumstance to agriculture by irrigation. Thus a vealth of soil was discoverad far in excess of the wealth of mine, and within the last year the im portant fact has dawned upon the country that the reclamation of the agricultural lands of the arid region opens up the last and perhaps the most imjtortant chapter m the' his tory of the sujugation of wild lands to the uses ot civilized man upon this continent. The area of agricultural lands misccpt ible to reclamation by means of irrigation is various! v estimated at from 125,000,000 to "200,000,000 of acrea. Even 125,000,000 acres is sufficient for the agricultural area oi a mighty empire. It is nine times the area of the improved land in farms in Pennsyluania, eight times that of New York, and 00 per cent, more than that of all the New England states, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, isouth Carolina aiiect me national economy m ini- oriii Carolina, Jsoutn Carolina, lortant particulars, and constitute Georgia and Florida combined. Indian occupancy titles, conditions which demand certain modifications of our public land policy. The arid region of the United States extends from about the 10!)th meridian of west longitude to the Sierra Nevada range and the lacnit: ocean. Approximately its dimensions are 1,200 miles "from north to gouth and I ,:J00 miles from fast to west. It contains, in round numbers, 100,000,000 acres of land. According to Maj. Joint V. Powell, Director of the Geologi cal Survey, it embraces about four tenths of the total area of the United Stales, exclusive of Alaska. For many years the arid region was known as the "Great Ameri can Desert". This designation, with respect on characteristic, was appurantly correct its rainfall is A. A" ! a noi suiiicieni lor me needs ot agn culture. Rut in other important particulars it is glaringly incorrect and misleading. When supplied with water its soil is highly pro ductive. Resides, throughout this area, and suited to its conditions, nature, out of her fecundity, has planted a variety of nutritions grasses, which cure in the ojten air and retain their nutritious proper ties through the storms and at mospheric changes of two, and $S8,157,.7.0 even three years. No hay gather- 4t),5Gy,:02'iinio oarns is so wen preserved. fur the holidays. The Megan Display at Jnlln trnd. Wohl'a Kncaar More. One of the aosl extensive ana) elegantly Blocked establishments in the Willamette valley is i he found in the Golden Rule Bazaar j-tore of Julius Gradwohl in this city. In order to accommodate hi many customers he is in the hVI.! early this year, and has alieu.iv ; commenced receiving his imairnt-c line of beautiful gocds for the fall and winter and for the holidays, and has one of the most gorgeous and dazzling displays to be seen in any Golden Rule Kuzaar in Oregon. i no line carriea comprises a De wildering assortment of tine china, I queensware and glassware of the j latest styles and most delicate de-' signs. The beautiful ;hina and; glassware, together with the dec-: orated and fanuy wares, novelties, elegant stand and hanging lamps, i toys, boys' wagons and general j bazaar goods, present a scene wall ; worth out s time to visit. i Here may be found a complete j line of table cutlery of the cele-; orated makes, liogef Bros.' silver' and silver plated goods and ' Bohemian wares f rery variety. t while his 6tock of dolls, toys, toilet and fancy good, in plush and ; brave settlers, who, under the pro-1 silver, and uovelties for the chil- j visions of our desert land law, have dren will lie larger tlau ever he- lore. Mr. Gradwohl ha? enlarged j his slock in such a replete manner that his Golden Rule Bazaar i m,t ! G. W. SMITH SUCCESSOR TO W. II. McFARl.ALDj The Largest Line of Stoves and Tinware in the Willamette Valley. Pumps, pipoH a,ncl i lumbing But every acre of irrigated land is about twice as productive as lands dependent upon .the natural rain fall. This has been demonstrated beyond all doubt by thousands of ; already reclaimed about 7.000,000 acres of laud by means of irrigation. etc. Total, Receipts From sale of lands 187,328,90-1 322,040,5!)G $200,702,81! Kacc?.- of exie;iditiires$121,:40,747 This excess of expenditures, how ever, i offset by the 780.000,000 acres of land, exclusive of Alaska, still in tho possession of the gov ernment. The value of this re maining part of the public domain is valued at $800,000,000. If all these lands or tho proceeds from their sale in excess of the present balance against the government shall be appropriated to the re claimation of the arid region by means of irrigation, such action will be. entirely in harmony with the poliey pursued by the national government from the beginning, viz: to regard the public lands not as a source of revenue, but simply as a public trust, with the object steadily in view of transferring them to actual settlers at the low est possible cost and as rapidly as may be consistent with a healthy national development. No politi cal party h.ts swerved from this wise and Ix-nilicent policy, and no admini.otration of the national gov ernment ha been false to this great trust. In our homestead, pre-emption, tree culture and desert land laws the humane and benifieent features of all our public land legislation the poor frontiersman has been ac corded a vantage and a protection which have guarded him against the encroachments of influence aud of wealth. Our public-land policy has also been just and gen erous toward the Indians, paternal j and kindly toward the soldier and sailor, while always honest and upright toward the public interests. For the erection and sustenation of schools, seminaries and agricul tural colleges the magnificent do nation of 78,059,000 acres of land lias been made. There have leen been granted to the states for pub lic improvements 7,Si)i!,0 )t) acres of land. One of tho wisest and in its results benifieent features of our the granting of acres of public po!icv has been about 51 ,:575,nou lands for the construction of wagon roads, can lis and railroads, chielly the latter. Within cjrtain limits the government lias given hall the land in alternate sections to rail road companies ; but at tin same time it has doubled the price of its rem.iining lands within such lim its. No other expedient has so effectually helped to promote settle ment, or to secure the development of the resources of tite country, and especially of that vast area toward which the attention of the country is now turned with such interest the "arid region V. At the same time it is the; intelligent and well considered verdict of the American people that the policy of land grants went about far enough. The conduct ot our public land interests is a crowning glory of American statesmanship and an abiding honor to the administra tion of our national affairs. In world where every forcon.il man seeking his own it is a record i licial irrigation which illuminates our civilization. There have Ir.fii heated disputa tions at timij.t it! regard to metho 1 s of adaiinistr itioii and mitten oi detail touching the g-.urdia'ih'p 'and disposition o; our puM.c -, but no political pariy iine ha-; ever been drawn o;i any oi these on tions, and Iher.' iM-o-ur-i t . I. no t'.ensi!!o cx-..i:se ::c!i action i;i the in? ure. The method of t'ivMing tin: lie lands i;:to towr.-hips rix miles fc-qr.ar.f and numbering the square mill"-- '. ".-'.'Ctioi! .-" :' ejeh to-.vn- The principal grasses of the arid region are bultalo grass ( Buchloe dactyloides), gramma grass (Bout eloua oligostachya), and "bunch grass" of various species. When these fail airiinals have recourse; to sage brush and greasewood (Sarco batus vermiculatus). and shrubs which grow along the borders of streams. For untold centuries these grasses, herbs and shrubs af forded abundant pasturage for mil lions of buffaloes, elk, moose, deer and other graninivoroup animals. In another imjtortant particular the designation "Gieat American Desert" is glaringly incorrect. The lands of the arid region be come surpassingly productive when inigated by turning water ujton them from the rivers and smaller streams. A given amount of labor and capital expended in agricul tural pursuits in the arid region will, by means of irrigation, pro dnce much larger results than in the lainfall area. This is an econ omic and commercial fact of the highest importance. Iarge portion.-, of the arid region, however, cannot be irrigated, and for all time will be of value only as pas-fura-j". Other extensive areas are valuable only as forests. For a while the opinion was gen erally entertained that the arid region is available only for pastur-, ago and that it must be forever treated as such. P.ut this is a mistake. Another great change is taking plav. It has been proved (hat by means of irrigation lands of- that vast area are susceptible of an enormous and splendid agricul tural development, and the result is that the cowboy has been forced to the confession that when the man with the plow comes the man with the spurs has got to get out. Neither the savage nor the nomad can resist the forces of civilization. The severe winter losses, the fail ur of the supply of natural grasses on the ranges through overstocking them, the high price of young cat tle in Texas and low price of beef cattle in Chicago have led to the conviction that henceforth pastoral rur.-uifs must be carried on chiefly as adjuncts of agriculture. The economies all point in that direc tion. This new area summons the na tion to the solution of such prob lems of development as have con fronted the countries of Asia, Af rica and southern Europe, in all ages problems, the solution -of which detends upon the establish ment of a wise and benifieent sys tem of irrigation. From the earliest ages much the larger part of the human family has been dependent for food upon the product of irrigated lands. Hut .stub has not been the case on this continent. The early settlers, and for many years almost all the im migrants to this country, came from (treat Britain and Ireland, and from the countries of northern F.uropc, which have an abundant, and to some extent a sujtorabun dant. rainfall. Besides, our an cestors landed here on the eastern Imres of by far the largest area on a the eaith's surfai e within which is; agriculture is possible without arti- l area extending IN AN 1CK FI.OK. Arrivul of thn Thetis from tin- North A liilly Flvf IlavV I!uii. At an early hour Saturday morn ing the United .States steamer Thetis, which had been exjH'cted for some time, arrived in San Fran cisco after a long tnp of seven and one-half months in the Arctic ocean. The Thetis left San Fran cisco about the middle of last April. Her mission was to follow the whaling licet and keep within the call of danger. That she has done this to the entire satisfaction of the whalers has been learned long since. She has also rendered valuable aid to the llydrographie ollice. She made the longest voy age of any vessel which went north this season, having been the first to leave for the Arctic and the last to return, waiting there until the1 last of the whalers was out of the' sea. The Thetis traversed the i Alaskan coast line from Fort Ton-1 iu i 'viuai fi.uiiMt i vim ;iui iui- lowed the whalers farther to the eastward than any steamer of her class that ever went to the Arctic, getting as far to the northwest as Herschel Island. This latter. Cap. Stockton says, is about 500 feet in length. The vegetation is confined to grasses and small -flowers. On the east side of the island is a snug harbor which has been called Paulina Cove, capable of recievmg a vessel of less than sixteen feet draft. An open bay on the same side of the island was found to give fairly good anchorage with westerly and northwesterly winds. In speaking of the Thetis' ex perience when caught in the ice, Capt. Stockton praised his officers and men very highly. Of the Thetis ho also speaks well. He had feared that she was too clumsy, but he is now more than satisfied with her behavior as an ice boat. Her only mishap on the voyage oc curred on August 18th, while she was returning from Herschel Is land to Point Barrow. The wind shifted to the westward bringing down the ice from Cape Halpet. The Thetis put on all speed and escaped the floe. There was heavy ice resting on the shore to the windward of Tangent Point, and the Thetis in endeavoring to work inshore got into shoal water, and when she attempted to get out all headways were closed. The ship was in the greatest danger, as she was likely to be crushed by the ice at any time. The Thetis "rammed" away at the closely packed ice and the officers and men worked like beavers. For live days it looked like a hopeless task, but toward the end of the fifth a small break was made and this was followed up with a will, and the following day saw the vessel safely out of dan ger. The Thetis will go to Mare Is land to be overhauled and repaired before going on her next trip. only a ctedit to the city of Alban ! but to the entire Willamette valley, being one of the most ex- j tensive establishments of the kind j in Oregon. The most impoitanl I feature to purchasers is in prices, f and when we assert that his price.- and that his goods are sold m ngures mat cannot tie equaled m the Northwest, it is but the recital of an absolute fact. It will be to the interests of the country mer chants to purchase their holiday goods from this establishment, and orders should be sent in at once, t Mr. Gradwohl has long since proven his adaptability to this business, and it is taking no ris to say that thisemporiinn of elegant fancv and ilecotative ware is the n.c . complete in the Willamette Uev. Those who deal at. the Golden Rule Bazaar, will find a i lniie assort inert to chne from,! am a square, rehab'w eentieinan to deal with. 0 H ft (0 cc Hi X D Z , o o ZsZ 0IlE THAN p J SEVEN HUNDRED fefe? .llli j Is J r 14 TV i 0) o m z o Z o rn 4 1 J v ;oi t on cxii Tim. Granite anil Coppenvore td Rubber Hose. .Ml Job.U ot k I'ront fitly Mt rutted to. CONRAD MEYER Itelter Than Kver. I am now better prepared than 1 have ever been to suit my custo mers in the shoe line. I have just received a largo invoice of tha cel ebrated Laird, Schober v. Mitchell fine shoes for ladies. There is no manufacturer who claims anything better than these shoes. 1 inteno to keep a full assortment of them in all prices, widths from A KF. and can suit the most fastidious in lit and price. I also received another invoice of the popular alioe, E. P. Heed's in waukenphast snd patent leather tip. These shoes are well known in Albany as a first-class nice style shoe. Or dei from tho country filled with care and satisfaction guaranteed. Samuel K. Young. For Ibe Lad I ft Onlj. I am now prepared to do all kinds of stamping and have over two thousand designs to choose from. Also a nice line of em broidery materials, such as arra senes. crewels. No. 1 and 2 em broidery, chenilles, princess che nilles, etc. etc. And the finest ponions, tassels, crescents, cords, plushes, felts and fancy work ma terials ever in the city. Zephyr is going at five eents an ounce. Miss Minnie Colwell has charge of this department, and lias had several years experience in all kinds of fancy work and stamping. At the store of G. W. Simpson, Albany, Oregon. I'KOl'KIbriOK "l THE- OLD AND RFLIABLE STAR BAKERY. 4 full Stock of s 'urti- awrrries. Pine jhistir.n-- oiul ( torkert Kept Constantly on Hand. Sav- Money By buying your holiday goods at (he new drug store. It is wonder ful how a little money will go at that store. Call and be convinced. Tlie Celebrated French : iront tlie Atlantic stao"anl to about j the lOth meridian. This meridian I passes through western Pakota, ! Nebraska and Ka'i.- is. Thus the ! t'nited slates sjrew to k; a great nation, with iiri.ra!io;i practically :i i t ,ir'. As the ti'i'' ;" eiiil.:i'i:l- roii.vl i westward the border oi ti.e 're. ii ar. i r . ji-;i was at last leached. Here nature seemed ,M call a halt. Put the indomitable spirit of advent::!-.; and tlie wild fascination of gold an. I silver min ing led the more ;'lvc:ii iiro;s to IHnrinlng au I ntf b Kot-. "Thi was sometime a paradox," t "Iainlet lays. Since, hewevrr. the icoph; cf Ainericu and oilier 'and liuve I'cen rnubled to pit llo.1etU-r' sjc;mh.-Ii Bitter against tliat miser ric, Miliaria, it is no longer a paradox, Itut an easv poesihility. Wliiitefei malaria evolves its misty vi-noni hi joison tliu air, and decaying turn liole--ouie vegetation impregnate r the -.vau-r, iheic, in the very btrongliolii l' iiiiasniH. is the. auxiliary -otent to disarm the foe and assure ei.. Lieut li-()tection. Fcyer and ague, li!inu remittent, duin't aj..ue and ague cake, no mut'.i-r huw tenaciously they have rasiein-r tin ir clutch on th'j Fysteni. are ti r t forced to relax their gra) iitl eventually to abandon it alto gether. Hut it i preventive force that should chiefly recommend the Hitters !o persons dwelling in malaria, ursccl liicaiitii'd, for it is a cert u in liuckli r of defence agaiust which the cneiiiy .s poeile3. Cure?, likewise, dyspepsia, rheumatism, kidney p.nd hilliniiB uilmcnt. or rorj refunds niei riles! riici: IV vi)li.un Indian l'ile 'intnieni is the only sure cure lor blind, bleed ing or itching piles ever discovered It nevt-r fai's to cure o'.d cjscs 1" lns standing. luiigi; (.'oor.s, M:iyvil'e, Ky, !avs. "ir William's liidi.m l'ile Ointment un .l me alter years of sulIViing." Judge ( i"i n Mir v. Cleveland. l.sjiys "1 ii.:v. .iii. it b- exi.ci i.'inar that j.'i . 'A i'l.ai Iiaiiau l'ile ( ii,t met t givi- j to :: iiin (rjie mikI perm .i.enl rein f. We li.ive hiindieils of Hiie'.i te-t! :i""i;i!s. !!.) i,i,t si;tV r an i':si:,nt :-oig-r. Sold by dniggi-t at ! and s per I i , . nit! In rosliav t XLu-on, .Mb my, 'regoii. 3tF0Rt err av s3r0 rr 5, 2,-j r; m rcur - 5 AFTER Fresh Baked Bread Kvcrv Uaf, Pies, Makes, Kir.. Eto. RED CROWN MI LLS. Most Approved Process Flour and All firados of Meals. Hie yeneratue urgaiiBofieillirr y?x whether :iriring fr.jm the exojsiive use of stimulants, I'll) v:oi or iipittai. or throuiih ) utithfiil inili.s erelion, over indulgence, etc., such as loss of Itram I'ower, Vakeiu'nesn, lltaring liown Cuius in the Back, Seminal V. akness. Hys teria, Nit ohm I'ros ration. Nocturnal Omis sions, I.eucorrhoe, Dizziness, Weak Memory, l.ossof 1'ower ami Iiiipotenc.v, which if Ile lucted often kail to premature old ajre and insanity. Price $1 a box; 6 boxeo for ?5.00 jjent by mail on receipt of price. A MKIIIIA LIIOllMli: is given with every S5 order received, to refund tne money if a IVriiiiinenl cure is noteffei ted. We have thoimmlHOf testimonials from old anil young, of both sexes, who have been permanently cured by the use "f Aphroditino Circular free. Address i ii k I'll ico MtttK ivt: in. Western Hraneh, box, 1'ortland, OreROa. Kor sale by Fosbay & Mason, wholesale and retail druiruists, Albany. Oregon. Wo ! 8 nv, Unit vast :itnl i:i::os- 1 l V !i:r.T voico of cb ic:it tliat ( ' il i-i '!v! :c'i. jnst f''fi!c-l :r,( ;li( v v.- . ;l we. ft-ol cfinfi Cl!l suit everv l;o.tv, :i!rl price. . l fustend of otTering a prize that on'r he tic tits the lucky one, or ?i ndirg out I i uiiiitieiM iai sups "is Minis, i pi opose opei lv mil v the citizens f Albanv a- 'I vicii.ity choice goods at bedrock j nces anil give !"i I'm. I'nui ' t VI va jit i l" r c:i:-h i n e:it it dollar's worth at . ' remibir ret.iil piic'"1. tintil .i: n 1. ! Highest pri.-i s ii lid for liieki eg"f ' :: ii .utter. Tliaiil.ii 'IC j-";: fur jour . i:i putroi, jige :r."' M!;-';ii,g your i ti-:.i!c for Ihe M'.ture. 1 beg to leirmil! ' al y..ur seiviei.-. J. M. V. ilDi'K. ) PC o o s -I "-g-r.-5?v gg-,f o w w o GO O Conveniently located for shipment by river or rail. 0 EI) I i LLED.
