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May 2, 2002 Page 9 THE CONFEDERATED TRIBES LANGUAGE LESSON- Spilyay Tyrooo, Warm Springs, Oregon In continuation of last issue's historical piece, this completes the month of April. April in North American Indian History by Phil Konstantin Copyright Phil Konstantin (1996-2002) http:americanindian.net April 14th 1614: John Rolfe marries Pocahontas 1528: Today, Panfilo de Narvaez, with 4 or 5 ships, and approximately 400-500 men, including Cabeza de Vaca, sight land, on the western coast of Florida. This will be the first significant exploration of Florida. April 1 5th 1777: Today, American settlers in Boonesborough will survive an attack by the SHAWNEEs. The fortifications of the town will prove to be too much for the Indians to sur mount. The SHAWNEEs will try again on July 4, 1 777. 1879: On February 1 3, 1 879 - Victorio, and 22 WARM SPRINGS APACHE Indians surren dered to Lt.Charles Merritt at Ojo Caliente, New Mexico. Eventually, 39 APACHEs come into the camp in west central New Mexico. Today, fears of being sent to a reservation, leads all of the Indians to escape from Ojo Caliente, and to eventually return to Mexico. April 16th 7525: Panfilo de Narvaez sights Indian houses near Tampa Bay, Florida. He will an chor his boats in the area, today. Seeing Narvaez, the Indians will abandon their village. I Narvaez hold Spanish royal title to the land between the Rio de las Palmas, and the cape j of Florida. j 1550: Charles V orders a stop to Indian land jconquests. April 17th Ulysses Grant. Grant makes him an aide, and they work together through much of the Civil War. Because of his excellent penmanship, Donehogawa draws up the surrender papers for Lee to sign at Appomattox. Promoted to Brigadier General, Ely Parker worked to settle many conflicts between whites and Indians. After Grant becomes President, he will be appointed as Indian Commissioner on this date. April 22nd 1839: Today, General Alexander Macomb, the new military commander in Florida, meets 1906: A law is passed which grants the President to pick the CHEROKEE Chief. April 27th 7 763: Today, Pontiac will hold a council with a large group of OTTAWA, WYNADOT, and POTAWATOMI Indians. He will tell them of his plans to attack Fort Detroit. He will extol the virtues of returning to the old Indian ways, before the coming of the Europeans. 1877: General George Crook contacts Red Cloud with a message for Crazy Horse. Crook promises that if Crazy Horse surrenders, he will get a reservation in the Powder River area with several SEMINOLE Chiefs, including Chitto On this date, Red Cloud delivers the message and Halek Tustenuggee. The council agrees that the SEMINOLE can remain in Florida if they stay near Lake Okechobee. 7577: Two Moons, Hump, and 300 other Indians surrender to Col.Nelson Miles, today. Most of the rest of Crazy Horse's followers will surrender on May 6, 1 877 at the Red Cloud, and Spotted Tail agencies. 7659: The Oklahoma land rush begins. April 23rd 1637: WONGUNK Chief Sequin gave settlers the land on which to establish the village on Wetherfield, north from Saybrook, on the Connecticut River. After he was ordered out of the area, even though he was promised protection as a part of the agreement, he lead an attack on the settlement. With the help of 200 PEQUOT warriors, Sequin's force killed 9 settlers, and took 2 more hostage. to Crazy Horse. Crazy Horse agrees and heads to Fort Robinson, in Ne braska. Where he will surrender to the U.S.Army. April 28th 7577: Either convinced that Eskiminzin's APACHE are responsible for raids near Tucson or just looking for an excuse to attack the ARAVAIPAs, William Oury sets out with 1 40 armed whites and Indians for the APACHE camp near Camp Grant. 1882: Remnants of Loco's CHIRICAHUA 1 701: Today, William Penn will sign a treaty APAPCHEs who fought in the battles south of 7675: Jackson sets out for Florida today to of friendship at Philadelphia with representa- Stein's Pass, and in Horseshoe Canyon, on fight the SEMINOLEs 7667: One Bull ar rives back at Sitting Bull's camp with a reports on fort condi tions. April 18th 1528: Today, Panfilo de Narvaez will claim Florida for Spain. He has just landed on the western Florida coast. 1644: Forces under 99 year old : Opechancanough, a leader of the POWHATAN Confederacy, attacks the English along the Pamunkey and York rivers, 22 years after his first attack at Jamestown. His followers will kill almost 400 Virginia colonists. April 19th 7556: The YANKTON SIOUX sign a treaty today. Article 8 provides for the Indians to retain access and use of the red pipestone quarry in southwestern, Minnesota. 7659: Ft.Mojave is establsihed today to "protect" the area from the MOJAVE and PAIUTEs. April 20th 7537: Today, Hernado de Soto receives royal permission to "conquer, pacify, and people" the land from Rio de las Palmas to Cape Fear (Florida) on the Atlantic. 1606: According to the first charter of Virginia, issued today, part of the colonists goals are to civilize the natives, "...and may in time bring the infidels and savages, living in those parts, to human civility." April 21st 1806: The Department of War establishes the office of Superintendent of Indian Trade. This position will be appointed by the Presi dent. The job will entail the purchase of goods for and from the Indians. 1869: Donehogawa (Ely Samuel Parker) is appointed as the first Indian to be Commis sioner of Indian Affairs. Donehogawa, a SEN ECA IROQUOIS, was trained as a lawyer and a civil engineer. Unable to find work in the white world, Donehogawa contacts his old friend in tives of the SUSQUAHANNA, SHAWNEE, April 23, 1 882, are attacked today by Capta GANAySE, , apdre IROQUOI Ajj I partes will Tullius Tupper, Troops G, and M, 6th Cavalry, agree to act peaceably with each other. The and a company of Indian scouts, 25 miles treaty will be known as the "Articles of Agree- south of Cloverdale, Arizona. Six APACHEs are ment". April 24th 7754: DELAWARE Chief Teedyuscung will lead a group of 70 Christian Indians out of the village of Gnadenhuetten today. They will leave to live in the village of Wyoming, Pennsylvania. killed, and 72 head of livestock are seized, according to Army reports. The surviving Indians head toward Mexico. April 29th 7 70O. Lemoyne d'lberville today visits a PASCAGOULA Indian village, one day's walk from the French post at Biloxi. The 1802: Today, the State of Georgia will cede PASCAGOULAs have been hit hard by disease its western lands to the United States, with the proviso that the Federal Government obtain the title to Indian lands as soon as "can be peaceably obtained on reasonable terms.'' April 25th 7547: Coronado leaves Alcanfor en route to Quivira. While in Quivira, Coronado had killed many of the inhabitants of TIGUEX PUEBLO. 7 774: Michael Cresap is one of many "fron tiersmen" in Kentucky who wishes to instigate a war with the local indians. He hopes that the Indians would lose the war, and be forced off their highly coveted lands. Today Cresap, and a few friends, come across a SHAWNEE and a DELAWARE Indian traveling through the woods. Cresap's group kills them both. April 26th 1872: Captain Charles Meinhold, and Troop B, 3rd Cavalry, encounter an Indian war party on the South Fork of the "Loup" River, Ne braska. A fight ensues, in which, 3 Indians are killed. Scout William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody, Sergeant John H. Foley, Privates William Strayer and Leroy Vokes will be given the Congressional Medal of Honor for "gallantry in action" during this engagement. V " . " I "' Ii(.iii.iih1).i. .Jl HSffl M'nryryS1'S? ft n firing u-1" ttthttttt , Hi H B& 'MM B B B brought by the Europeans. D'lberville is im pressed by the beauty of the PASCAGOULA women. 7657: One in a series of treaties with Cali fornia Indians will be signed today at Camp Barbour. These treaties promise to set aside lands for the Indians and to protect them from Americans. 7662: Lt.George Morgan, and 6 men from Troop K, 3rd Cavalry are ordered to arrest "Ute Jack", a Chief of the White River UTEs. Jack has a knife and he resists. He is shot in the arm by a soldier. Escaping to a nearby teepee, Jack finds a rifle, and shoots the detachment sergeant. Major Julius Mason, 3rd Cavalry arrives, and according to Army re ports, "measures are taken resulting in the capture and death of the Indian." April 30th 1682: La Salle stays with the TAENSA Indi ans for 4 days, starting today, on Lake Saint Joseph in Louisiana. He will sign a peace treaty with them. I860: Fort Defiance, in northwestern Ari zona, was the first fort to be build in NAVAJO country. Built near land used by Manuelito's NAVAJOs to graze their horses, an inevitable conflict begins when the army claims the grazing land for their own mounts. A series of raids on both sides leads to a full scale attack. On this date, Manuelito, and nearly 1 ,000 warriors attack Fort Defiance. The NAVAJOs capture a few outbuildings, but the soldiers soon regroup and volleys are exchanged throughout the rest of the day. The NAVAJOs will leave that night considering the message delivered. The Army will eventually retaliate.
