May 2, 2002
Page 9
THE CONFEDERATED TRIBES LANGUAGE LESSON-
Spilyay Tyrooo, Warm Springs, Oregon
In continuation of last issue's historical piece, this completes the month of April.
April in North American Indian History
by Phil Konstantin
Copyright Phil Konstantin (1996-2002)
http:americanindian.net
April 14th
1614: John Rolfe marries Pocahontas
1528: Today, Panfilo de Narvaez, with 4 or
5 ships, and approximately 400-500 men,
including Cabeza de Vaca, sight land, on the
western coast of Florida. This will be the first
significant exploration of Florida.
April 1 5th
1777: Today, American settlers in
Boonesborough will survive an attack by the
SHAWNEEs. The fortifications of the town will
prove to be too much for the Indians to sur
mount. The SHAWNEEs will try again on July
4, 1 777.
1879: On February 1 3, 1 879 - Victorio, and
22 WARM SPRINGS APACHE Indians surren
dered to Lt.Charles Merritt at Ojo Caliente,
New Mexico. Eventually, 39 APACHEs come
into the camp in west central New Mexico.
Today, fears of being sent to a reservation,
leads all of the Indians to escape from Ojo
Caliente, and to eventually return to Mexico.
April 16th
7525: Panfilo de Narvaez sights Indian
houses near Tampa Bay, Florida. He will an
chor his boats in the area, today. Seeing
Narvaez, the Indians will abandon their village.
I Narvaez hold Spanish royal title to the land
between the Rio de las Palmas, and the cape
j of Florida.
j 1550: Charles V orders a stop to Indian land
jconquests.
April 17th
Ulysses Grant. Grant makes him an aide, and
they work together through much of the Civil
War. Because of his excellent penmanship,
Donehogawa draws up the surrender papers
for Lee to sign at Appomattox. Promoted to
Brigadier General, Ely Parker worked to settle
many conflicts between whites and Indians.
After Grant becomes President, he will be
appointed as Indian Commissioner on this
date.
April 22nd
1839: Today, General Alexander Macomb,
the new military commander in Florida, meets
1906: A law is passed which grants the
President to pick the CHEROKEE Chief.
April 27th
7 763: Today, Pontiac will hold a council with
a large group of OTTAWA, WYNADOT, and
POTAWATOMI Indians. He will tell them of his
plans to attack Fort Detroit. He will extol the
virtues of returning to the old Indian ways,
before the coming of the Europeans.
1877: General George Crook contacts Red
Cloud with a message for Crazy Horse. Crook
promises that if Crazy Horse surrenders, he
will get a reservation in the Powder River area
with several SEMINOLE Chiefs, including Chitto On this date, Red Cloud delivers the message
and Halek Tustenuggee. The council agrees
that the SEMINOLE can remain in Florida if
they stay near Lake Okechobee.
7577: Two Moons, Hump, and 300 other
Indians surrender to Col.Nelson Miles, today.
Most of the rest of Crazy Horse's followers
will surrender on May 6, 1 877 at the Red
Cloud, and Spotted Tail agencies.
7659: The Oklahoma land rush begins.
April 23rd
1637: WONGUNK Chief Sequin gave settlers
the land on which to establish the village on
Wetherfield, north from Saybrook, on the
Connecticut River. After he was ordered out
of the area, even though he was promised
protection as a part of the agreement, he lead
an attack on the settlement. With the help of
200 PEQUOT warriors, Sequin's force killed 9
settlers, and took 2 more hostage.
to Crazy
Horse. Crazy
Horse
agrees and
heads to
Fort
Robinson, in
Ne
braska.
Where he will surrender to the U.S.Army.
April 28th
7577: Either convinced that Eskiminzin's
APACHE are responsible for raids near Tucson
or just looking for an excuse to attack the
ARAVAIPAs, William Oury sets out with 1 40
armed whites and Indians for the APACHE
camp near Camp Grant.
1882: Remnants of Loco's CHIRICAHUA
1 701: Today, William Penn will sign a treaty APAPCHEs who fought in the battles south of
7675: Jackson sets out for Florida today to of friendship at Philadelphia with representa- Stein's Pass, and in Horseshoe Canyon, on
fight the SEMINOLEs
7667: One Bull ar
rives back at Sitting
Bull's camp with a
reports on fort condi
tions.
April 18th
1528: Today, Panfilo de Narvaez will claim
Florida for Spain. He has just landed on the
western Florida coast.
1644: Forces under 99 year old
: Opechancanough, a leader of the POWHATAN
Confederacy, attacks the English along the
Pamunkey and York rivers, 22 years after his
first attack at Jamestown. His followers will
kill almost 400 Virginia colonists.
April 19th
7556: The YANKTON SIOUX sign a treaty
today. Article 8 provides for the Indians to
retain access and use of the red pipestone
quarry in southwestern, Minnesota.
7659: Ft.Mojave is establsihed today to
"protect" the area from the MOJAVE and
PAIUTEs.
April 20th
7537: Today, Hernado de Soto receives
royal permission to "conquer, pacify, and
people" the land from Rio de las Palmas to
Cape Fear (Florida) on the Atlantic.
1606: According to the first charter of
Virginia, issued today, part of the colonists
goals are to civilize the natives, "...and may in
time bring the infidels and savages, living in
those parts, to human civility."
April 21st
1806: The Department of War establishes
the office of Superintendent of Indian Trade.
This position will be appointed by the Presi
dent. The job will entail the purchase of goods
for and from the Indians.
1869: Donehogawa (Ely Samuel Parker) is
appointed as the first Indian to be Commis
sioner of Indian Affairs. Donehogawa, a SEN
ECA IROQUOIS, was trained as a lawyer and a
civil engineer. Unable to find work in the white
world, Donehogawa contacts his old friend
in
tives of the SUSQUAHANNA, SHAWNEE, April 23, 1 882, are attacked today by Capta
GANAySE, , apdre IROQUOI Ajj I partes will Tullius Tupper, Troops G, and M, 6th Cavalry,
agree to act peaceably with each other. The and a company of Indian scouts, 25 miles
treaty will be known as the "Articles of Agree- south of Cloverdale, Arizona. Six APACHEs are
ment".
April 24th
7754: DELAWARE Chief Teedyuscung will
lead a group of 70 Christian Indians out of the
village of Gnadenhuetten today. They will
leave to live in the village of Wyoming, Pennsylvania.
killed, and 72 head of livestock are seized,
according to Army reports. The surviving
Indians head toward Mexico.
April 29th
7 70O. Lemoyne d'lberville today visits a
PASCAGOULA Indian village, one day's walk
from the French post at Biloxi. The
1802: Today, the State of Georgia will cede PASCAGOULAs have been hit hard by disease
its western lands to the United States, with
the proviso that the Federal Government
obtain the title to Indian lands as soon as "can
be peaceably obtained on reasonable terms.''
April 25th
7547: Coronado leaves Alcanfor en route to
Quivira. While in Quivira, Coronado had killed
many of the inhabitants of TIGUEX PUEBLO.
7 774: Michael Cresap is one of many "fron
tiersmen" in Kentucky who wishes to instigate
a war with the local indians. He hopes that the
Indians would lose the war, and be forced off
their highly coveted lands. Today Cresap, and
a few friends, come across a SHAWNEE and a
DELAWARE Indian traveling through the
woods. Cresap's group kills them both.
April 26th
1872: Captain Charles Meinhold, and Troop
B, 3rd Cavalry, encounter an Indian war party
on the South Fork of the "Loup" River, Ne
braska. A fight ensues, in which, 3 Indians are
killed. Scout William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody,
Sergeant John H. Foley, Privates William
Strayer and Leroy Vokes will be given the
Congressional Medal of Honor for "gallantry in
action" during this engagement.
V " . " I "'
Ii(.iii.iih1).i. .Jl HSffl M'nryryS1'S?
ft n firing u-1" ttthttttt ,
Hi H B& 'MM B B B
brought by the Europeans. D'lberville is im
pressed by the beauty of the PASCAGOULA
women.
7657: One in a series of treaties with Cali
fornia Indians will be signed today at Camp
Barbour. These treaties promise to set aside
lands for the Indians and to protect them
from Americans.
7662: Lt.George Morgan, and 6 men from
Troop K, 3rd Cavalry are ordered to arrest
"Ute Jack", a Chief of the White River UTEs.
Jack has a knife and he resists. He is shot in
the arm by a soldier. Escaping to a nearby
teepee, Jack finds a rifle, and shoots the
detachment sergeant. Major Julius Mason, 3rd
Cavalry arrives, and according to Army re
ports, "measures are taken resulting in the
capture and death of the Indian."
April 30th
1682: La Salle stays with the TAENSA Indi
ans for 4 days, starting today, on Lake Saint
Joseph in Louisiana. He will sign a peace
treaty with them.
I860: Fort Defiance, in northwestern Ari
zona, was the first fort to be build in NAVAJO
country. Built near land used by Manuelito's
NAVAJOs to graze their horses, an inevitable
conflict begins when the army claims the
grazing land for their own mounts. A series of
raids on both sides leads to a full scale attack.
On this date, Manuelito, and nearly 1 ,000
warriors attack Fort Defiance. The NAVAJOs
capture a few outbuildings, but the soldiers
soon regroup and volleys are exchanged
throughout the rest of the day. The NAVAJOs
will leave that night considering the message
delivered. The Army will eventually retaliate.