Image provided by: The Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs; Warm Springs, OR
About Spilyay tymoo. (Warm Springs, Or.) 1976-current | View Entire Issue (July 3, 1997)
Spilyay Tymoo Warm Springs, Oregon July 3, 1997 9 awum toot ummun service (503) 553-3238 Arlene Boileau 4-H St Youth Norma Simpson Home Economics Bob Pawelek Livestock Sue Ryan 4-H Assistant Clint Jacks Staff Chair, Madras Bodie Shaw Ag it Natural Resources The Oregon Stale University Extension Service staff is devoted to extending research-based information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs in agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exension Service offers Its programs and materials equally to all people.Worid Wide Web Address change for Warm Springs Extension: http:vvww.orst.edudeptwsext The Clover speaks- by Sue Ryan The 4-H office is a'hummin with activity this week as we ready our way towards the 1 997 4-H Culture Enrichment Camp at Peter's Pasture. A big thanks to the W.E.D.D. crew for all of their help on getting the site ready for Warm Springs youth to romp and play as well as learn. We've had a lot of questions about who all is working at the 1997 camp so here is our 1997 Camp Staff: Arlene Boilcau-Camp Director Wilson Wewa, Jr.-Camp Director Sue Kyan-Arlcnc's Assistant Registration Van Shuttle Driver Lifeguard Bodie Shaw-Ecology & Compass Teacher Keith Baker-Hike Leader Mary Smith-Camp Nurse Radine Johnson-Office Secretary Con tracts Sam Culps, Sr.-Boys Counselor Christopher Barney-Boys Counselor Jessica Parrish-Girls Counselor Michelle Haynes-Girls Counselor Nicole Charley-Girls Counselor Lcroy Allen, Jr.-Hclpcr Rosemary Charley-Arts & Crafts Director Tracey Miller-Lead Girls Counselor Bruce Jim-Lead Boys Swcathouse Sarah Thompson-Recreation Director Lois Smith-Baskctmaking Teacher Effie Culpus-Camp Elder Julie Johnson-Girls Counselor Alice VVyena-Bcadwork Teacher Hilda Culpus-Camp Elder Natural Resource Notables- Priscilla Blackwolf-Camp Cook Harold Blackwolf-Boys Lead Camp Coun selor Agnes Wolfe-Female Swcathouse Leader Kathy Crane-Girls Counselor Rex Robinson-Boys Camp Counselor Dana Smith-Fishing Instructor "Fat Replacers" to be seen July 17 by Norma L. Simpson The Nutritionists at IHS andtheOSUWS Extension home economist will join Cheri Jo Carter's Satellite program on July 17. It's the wonders of satellite and video tape when we learn about the fat replacers used in many of the commercial prepared foods that we eat. It's a free event, so ya'll come! We scheduled the special event at the Warm Springs Health and Wellness kitchen from Noon to 4:30 so that more people could bring their lunch and join us for as much as possible during the afternoon. On May 2 we were not able to schedule the satellite program from LaGrande due to the Honor Seniors Day. But like during the East ern Oregon OSU telecast we will sample some of the foods with replacers that are available in Madras, we talk about ways to reduce the fat in recipes we prepare at home, and ways we can use ordinary fat replacers from your refrigerator. Mary Kelsey, OSU nutrition professor talks about the "Practical Aspects of Fat Replacers" followed by Cheri Jo Carter, Area Home Economists with'Trends and Tips Using Low Fat Products." Floyd Bodyfelt , OSU Food Science and Technol ogy professor will talk about "Low Fat and No Fat Dairy Products." For more information, contact NormaL. Simpson at SS3-3238 or Lillian January at 553-1196. Again that's July 17, Noon to 4:30 pm and It's free. by Bodie Shaw Fishing and Poisonous Plants We recently have had some people in quire about poisonous plants encountered while fishing. High on the list of encounters were members of the Rhus Family; Poison Ivy, Poison Oak and Poison Sumac. The following information should be helpful for any future encounters one may have. Causes: Poison ivy, oak and sumac rashes are caused by an allergy to the resin of these plants, called Rhus plants. You don't have to come in direct contact with the leaves, roots, or branches of Rhus plants to get the rash. The plant resin can reach your skin indirectly when you touch clothing or a pet that carries the resin. Like other allergies, Rhus allergy is ac quired; you're not born with it. While some lucky people never become allergic to Rhus plants, most persons become sensitized at some time and remain allergic. Unfortunately, there's no way to desensitize persons allergic to Rhus plants. These types of Allergies are forms of allergic contact dermatitis. Contagion: Your poison ivy, oak or sumac rash is not contagious. The fluid in the blis ters does not spread the rash. Rhus rash doesn't appear immediately after exposure to the plant resin, but only after a time called the latent period. This latent period between exposure to the plant and appearance of the rash may be as short as four hours or as long as 10 days, depending on individual sensitiv ity and the amount of plant contact. Some times, more rash appears after treatment has begun. These new patches are areas that had a longer latent period. Treatment Rhus rashes are self-limited sooner or later they clear up without treat ment. Letting nature take its course with a mild Rhus rash is reasonable, but severe rashes need treatment to ease the misery and Happy July 4th Use fireworks with care!! disability they cause. Cortisone-type prepa rations taken by mouth are dramatically ef fective in treating Rhus rash. It's safe to take these drugs for a short period (2-3 weeks). If you have a peptic ulcer, high blood pressure, or diabetes, you should take cortisone only under close medical supervision. Improve ment of your rash should be prompt and steady. It depends on getting enough corti sone. If your rash doesn't improve steadily, telephone the office so we can modify your treatment. When the swelling has gone down, a cortisone-type preparation will help your rash heal. Do not use this until the swelling is down and blistering has stopped as it will not be effective. You may bathe or shower as usual. Keep the water as cool as you can, and don't use soap on your rash since it may irritate. Prevention: The only way to prevent Rhus rash is to avoid contact with the plant resin. It's traditional advice to wash with strong soap after exposure. This does no harm, but is only effective if you wash within 15 minutes of exposure. You will need to wash clothing, pets, and tools or you may become re-exposed to the resin. Rhus plants may cause rashes throughout the year. Roots and stems can cause a rash just as much as the leaves. If you can't recognize poison ivy or poison oak plants, have someone point them out so you can avoid them. If you have any questions, or you want to look at some better color photos, please stop by and see me. BPA Barriers The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) is funding fencing activities along the lower Warm Springs River as part of an early-action watershed habitat program fit ting under the Tribal Restoration Plan. BPA is also funding some monitoring and evalua tion work that will be accomplished by De partment of Natural Resources fishery per sonnel, range and agriculture personnel, GIS personnel and Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (CRITFC) scientists. Watery -j Land This month a BPA survey crew will locate 1 7 points on the ground and GPS them as the first step toward aerial photogrammctric data collection that BPA will generate from a high and low level flight along the river from Culpus bridge downstream. Bank stability, riparian vegetation condi tion and channel morphology are the moni toring variables that have been selected. Although this work is for 1997 only, we anticipate continuation of flights made bien nially since it will take the vegetation a number of years to recover form livestock use as well as from the recent floods. The Tribal GIS staff will use ARC Info to gener ate map layers the CRITFC staff will use to analyze map data, create graphs and generate a summary report. Forfurtherinformation, call Patty O'Toole at the Tribal Fish and Wildlife Department, 553-3233. Horseradish-Tomato Relish recipe shared by OSU Master Food Preserver ftengas Itco by Norma L. Simpson, OSUAVarm Springs Extension Home Economics Agent A lady called this week to get recipes for canning horseradish. While we have a sheet in the OSU Master Food Preserver hand book, we only have one recipe for canning horseradish and that is in a tomato relish listed below. Generally horseradish taproots are har vested after several frosts.The roots are stored in moist sand of sawdust in a cool dark cellar. Sometimes they are mulched heavily in the ground then harvested throughout the win ter. Be sure to harvest all the tap roots, or they tend to take over the garden. The problem is that we do not have tested recipes for horseradish except as an ingredi ent in a high acid tomato relish. Remember, horseradish roots come from the soil where spores of Botulinum thrive. Since horserad ish is a low-acid root and researchers have not tested the length of processing and the food safety, OSU cannot recommend can ning horseradish. Instead, OSU recommends that you grind a small amount of the roots to make the basic relish that will be stored in the refrigerator. Horseradish fades and loses its pungency with 1-2 months even when refrigerated. Horseradish-Tomato Relish (yields 4-5 pints) 3 quarts peeled, chopped tomatoes 1 12 cups vinegar (5 acidity) 34 light brown sugar 2 tablespoons salt 1 teaspoon ground allspice 12 teaspoon cinnamon 12 teaspoon cloves 3 tablespoons mustard seed 1 tablespoon dill seed 34 cup freshly grated horseradish 1-2 hot chili peppers 1 cup chopped onion 1 cup chopped celery Chop tomatoes. Combine vinegar, sugar and spices, and bring to a boil. Add tomatoes, peppers, onion, celery, horseradish and sim mer 15 minutes. Pack into clean hot pint or half-pint jars and process in boiling water bath canner for 15 minutes. For a complete copy of'Horseradish," ask for special publication SP 50-793 by calling Norma at (54 1 ) 553-3238 or 553-3535. Poison Sumac Poison Ivy Cashew Nut 01 ft f ft ' 1 F&Vr.f&r1 i P6fe6n Oak India Marking Mango Lacquer Tree Nut Tree ELDER ABUSE: Part 9 Physiological Changes Related to Aging- by Office of Victims of Crime, US Department of Justice Normal Changes in Aging Old age is not synonymous with disease and disability. Most older people are active and healthy throughout their lives. There are, however, a number of physiological changes that almost everybody experiences who lives to a certain age. These are regarded as normal changes related to age. They include changes in sense perception and musculoskeletal systems. In addition to these normal changes, the chances of acquiring certain diseases increase with age. Families andPolicemust be aware of these changes, but be careful not to assume that all older persons have these impairments or the same levels of impair ment. Sensory Changes Visual Loss. Visual loss usually begins when an individual is in his or her 40s, As the lenses of their eyes begin clouding, the size of their pupils decreases and light is pre vented from entering. Depth and distance perception also deteriorate with age, as the eye lose their ability to converge on images. Failing vision may also be the result of sev eral illnesses or conditions, including glau coma, diabetes, hypertension, or lack of oxy gen. Visual loss can be extremely traumatic for those experiencing it. It can limit mobility, increase the likelihood of accidents, impede recreational activities, and lead to fear and isolation. Because vision has been shown to compensate for other sensory losses, the ef fects of its loss are far-reaching. Adjusting to visual loss requires learning new self-care skills, which many elderly fail to accom plish. Most, for example, do not learn how to read Braille. Hearing Loss. Some hearing loss is com mon to everyone and usually begins during the individual's 20s. Changes in hearing that the elderly experience include the following: Loss of ability to hear high frequencies. For this reason, it is often easier for the older person to understand a male than a female, as the pitch of men's voices is usually lower than that of women. Ringing in the ears. Hypersensitivity to very loud speech that would be acceptable to a younger per son. Loss of the ability to localize where sound is coming from. This makes it difficult for many older people to discriminate among STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP: Watering cattle J, by Bob Pawelek OSU Livestock Agent Several ranchers from Montana have been part of a Grazing Lands Conservation Initia tive project that has helped answer the ques tions of w hether cattle prefer higher quality drinking water and whether they will avoid muddy watering sites and allow vegetation to increase. Gene Surber, Montana State University's Extension natural resources specialist, said water was provided in a tank by either pump or gravity flow from a dam or pit of water 60 to 150 feet away. The pit or dam water sites were not fenced. Cattle were given the op portunity to drink from the tank or pit. Preliminary results from the 1996 graz ing season showed that nearly 80 of the cattle preferred to drink water of the the tank rather than the dam or pit water, said Surber. Cattle that drank at the tank stayed at the watering area from five to 15 minutes, with most leaving the area about eight minutes after arrival. Those animals watering at the dam or pit sites stayed at the water site from 10 minutes to three hours, with most loiter ing for more than one hour. This could be a significant contributor to feed consumption and animal productivity. According to Dale Veseth, a Malta, Mon tana rancher, there "seems to be some degree of learning curve with the herd. Calves dem onstrated the most interest and consistency of tank use." Water quality, on the Veseth ranch, was most significantly different in total suspended solids. The water in the tank, compared to the pit water source, was two miligrams per liter and 49 miligrams per liter respectively. In addition, photo stations monitored veg etation near the watering sites. Monitoring data will be collected for three to five years to determine if there is a vegetative change in the areas. First year photo monitoring indicates more shoreline vegetation on pits near water tanks than near similiar pits not near tanks. Anthrax cases may increase Anthrax is likely to kill more livestock this year because of recent blizzards and flooding. "History tells us that we're likely to see an increase in anthrax," says Ivan Berg, a veteri narian and animal disease specialist at North Dakota State University's Veterinary Diag nostic Laboratory. "But we usually see only one or two cases a year, so even if we triple the number of cases, we're not talking about a large outbreak." Anthrax is a generalized bacterial infec tion that attacks internal organs of animals. The bacteria produce toxins that kill victims by kidney failure or shock. It only takes a few days for the disease to kill its host. Research indicates that livestock may in gest the reproductive spores while they graze very short grass when forage is short. Once the spores are in the system, the bacteria proliferate and it's only a matter of days until the animal is dead. Anthrax is not usually spread from animal to animal, al though it is infamous because it can kill humans. But Berg says that's not likey to happen. "As long as the carcass remains intact and is burned or buried properly, the spores will remain in the carcass and there's little danger of spreading the disease," he said. "This is a scarious disease and must be reported to state authorities by law," Berg says. A vaccine is available by oreder of the state veterinarian to protect other animals on farms where anthrax has been diagnosed. "That's why it's so important to get a quick, accurate diagnosis," Berg says. the sounds heard in a noisy environment. Many people who have hearing loss com pensate for it by relying more heavily on visual clues such as facial expressions. Touch and Pain. The elderly have re duced tactile sense. As a result, they experi ence less pain and may be less likely to notice injuries or conditions such as heart attacks. Declines in the sensation of touch mat result in a loss of balance and may increase the risk of falls. Older people are also especially suscep tible to the adverse effects of weather, in cluding hypothermia (a sometimes fatal drop in internal temperature), heat stroke, and hear exhaustion. Conditions that may make older people even more susceptible to tem perature extremes are chronic illness, inabil ity to afford enough heat or cooling, inactiv ity, obesity, alcoholism and use of certain medications. Symptoms of hypothermia include some times irregular heart beat; slurred speech; shallow, very slow breathing; sluggishness; and confusion. Signs of heat stroke or ex haustion include faintness, dizziness, head ache, nausea, loss of consciousness, rapid pulse, flushed skin, weakness, heavy sweat ing, and giddiness, Musculo-Skeletal Changes Up to the age of 30, people's bone content increases. It remains constant until about the age of 45, and after which it falls progres sively. While this is true for both men and women, bone content falls rapidly for women after menopause. Osteoporosis refers to a reduction of the total amount of bone in the skeleton. It is characterized by loss of height and down ward inclination of the head. While it is a natural effect of aging, it become"clinical" osteoporosis when the total bone is reduced below a critical level at which fractures are more likely to occur and bones become more painful when stressed. Musculoskeletal changes such as osteoporosis make it diffi culty for older people to perform some daily tasks such as reaching or getting up from a chair or a bed. They also make falls more dangerous, frequently resulting in broken hips. Cognition Cognition is a composite term that refers to intelligence, ability to learn and memory. Whit it has been observed that some changes in cognition are a normal function of the aging process, they effect of these changes do not significantly impair social function ing. Significant declines are usually the result of disease. There is evidence to sug gest, however, that the speed of cognitive processing declines with age. This means that it may take older people longer to recall or process information. Diseases and Chronic Conditions of the Elderly The elderly are more susceptible to cer tain acute and chronic illnesses than other segments of the population. Chronic condi tions are long-term (more than three months), are often permanent, and leave a residual disability that may require long-term man agement or care. Some are acquired earlier in life and are never cured, while others are more likely to acquire in advanced age. The most common chronic conditions that cause limited activity in individuals over 65 are arthritis, which affects 50 percent of the elderly; hypertension, which affects 39 per cent ; hearing impairment, which affects 30 percent. More than 80 percent of the over-65 population have at least one chronic condi tion, and many have multiple conditions. Common conditions of the elderly include: Arthritis: A variety of types of inflam mations and degenerative changes of bones and joints, resulting in limited functioning. Hypertension (highbloodpressure): While blood pressure often increases some what with age, significant elevations pose a serious healthy problem. They can damage the heart ,lungs, and kidneys and contribute to the development of heart disease. Stroke (cervovascular accident): A blockage of blood from the brain. The sever ity depends on the particular areas and amount of brain issue involved, Congestive heart failure: A set of symp toms related to the impaired pumping perfor mance of the heart. The result is that the more chambers of the heart do not empty ad equately during t he heart's contractions. Parkinson's disease: A neurological dis ease that results in tremors, rigidity, lack of expression and difficulty walking. Diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes): A disease associated with deficient insulin se cretion,, leading to excess sugar in the blood and urine.. This type of diabetes begins in adulthood and develops slowly. It occurs not frequently in obese elderly The retinas of the eyes are often affected. In Part 10 of Elder Abuse, in an August issue of Spilyay, the article will look at "Other Physical and Emotional Problems Associated with Aging."