Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
July 3, 1997 9
awum toot ummun
service
(503) 553-3238
Arlene Boileau
4-H St Youth
Norma Simpson
Home Economics
Bob Pawelek
Livestock
Sue Ryan
4-H Assistant
Clint Jacks
Staff Chair, Madras
Bodie Shaw
Ag it Natural Resources
The Oregon Stale University Extension Service staff is devoted to extending research-based information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs
in agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States
Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exension Service offers Its programs
and materials equally to all people.Worid Wide Web Address change for Warm Springs Extension: http:vvww.orst.edudeptwsext
The Clover speaks-
by Sue Ryan
The 4-H office is a'hummin with activity
this week as we ready our way towards the
1 997 4-H Culture Enrichment Camp at Peter's
Pasture. A big thanks to the W.E.D.D. crew
for all of their help on getting the site ready
for Warm Springs youth to romp and play as
well as learn. We've had a lot of questions
about who all is working at the 1997 camp so
here is our 1997 Camp Staff:
Arlene Boilcau-Camp Director
Wilson Wewa, Jr.-Camp Director
Sue Kyan-Arlcnc's Assistant Registration
Van Shuttle Driver Lifeguard
Bodie Shaw-Ecology & Compass Teacher
Keith Baker-Hike Leader
Mary Smith-Camp Nurse
Radine Johnson-Office Secretary Con
tracts Sam Culps, Sr.-Boys Counselor
Christopher Barney-Boys Counselor
Jessica Parrish-Girls Counselor
Michelle Haynes-Girls Counselor
Nicole Charley-Girls Counselor
Lcroy Allen, Jr.-Hclpcr
Rosemary Charley-Arts & Crafts Director
Tracey Miller-Lead Girls Counselor
Bruce Jim-Lead Boys Swcathouse
Sarah Thompson-Recreation Director
Lois Smith-Baskctmaking Teacher
Effie Culpus-Camp Elder
Julie Johnson-Girls Counselor
Alice VVyena-Bcadwork Teacher
Hilda Culpus-Camp Elder
Natural Resource Notables-
Priscilla Blackwolf-Camp Cook
Harold Blackwolf-Boys Lead Camp Coun
selor Agnes Wolfe-Female Swcathouse Leader
Kathy Crane-Girls Counselor
Rex Robinson-Boys Camp Counselor
Dana Smith-Fishing Instructor
"Fat Replacers" to be seen July 17
by Norma L. Simpson
The Nutritionists at IHS andtheOSUWS
Extension home economist will join Cheri Jo
Carter's Satellite program on July 17. It's the
wonders of satellite and video tape when we
learn about the fat replacers used in many of
the commercial prepared foods that we eat.
It's a free event, so ya'll come!
We scheduled the special event at the
Warm Springs Health and Wellness kitchen
from Noon to 4:30 so that more people could
bring their lunch and join us for as much as
possible during the afternoon.
On May 2 we were not able to schedule the
satellite program from LaGrande due to the
Honor Seniors Day. But like during the East
ern Oregon OSU telecast we will sample
some of the foods with replacers that are
available in Madras, we talk about ways to
reduce the fat in recipes we prepare at home,
and ways we can use ordinary fat replacers
from your refrigerator.
Mary Kelsey, OSU nutrition professor
talks about the "Practical Aspects of Fat
Replacers" followed by Cheri Jo Carter,
Area Home Economists with'Trends and
Tips Using Low Fat Products." Floyd
Bodyfelt , OSU Food Science and Technol
ogy professor will talk about "Low Fat and
No Fat Dairy Products."
For more information, contact NormaL.
Simpson at SS3-3238 or Lillian January at
553-1196. Again that's July 17, Noon to 4:30
pm and It's free.
by Bodie Shaw
Fishing and Poisonous Plants
We recently have had some people in
quire about poisonous plants encountered
while fishing. High on the list of encounters
were members of the Rhus Family; Poison
Ivy, Poison Oak and Poison Sumac. The
following information should be helpful for
any future encounters one may have.
Causes: Poison ivy, oak and sumac rashes
are caused by an allergy to the resin of these
plants, called Rhus plants. You don't have to
come in direct contact with the leaves, roots,
or branches of Rhus plants to get the rash.
The plant resin can reach your skin indirectly
when you touch clothing or a pet that carries
the resin.
Like other allergies, Rhus allergy is ac
quired; you're not born with it. While some
lucky people never become allergic to Rhus
plants, most persons become sensitized at
some time and remain allergic. Unfortunately,
there's no way to desensitize persons allergic
to Rhus plants. These types of Allergies are
forms of allergic contact dermatitis.
Contagion: Your poison ivy, oak or sumac
rash is not contagious. The fluid in the blis
ters does not spread the rash. Rhus rash
doesn't appear immediately after exposure
to the plant resin, but only after a time called
the latent period. This latent period between
exposure to the plant and appearance of the
rash may be as short as four hours or as long
as 10 days, depending on individual sensitiv
ity and the amount of plant contact. Some
times, more rash appears after treatment has
begun. These new patches are areas that had
a longer latent period.
Treatment Rhus rashes are self-limited
sooner or later they clear up without treat
ment. Letting nature take its course with a
mild Rhus rash is reasonable, but severe
rashes need treatment to ease the misery and
Happy July 4th
Use fireworks
with care!!
disability they cause. Cortisone-type prepa
rations taken by mouth are dramatically ef
fective in treating Rhus rash. It's safe to take
these drugs for a short period (2-3 weeks). If
you have a peptic ulcer, high blood pressure,
or diabetes, you should take cortisone only
under close medical supervision. Improve
ment of your rash should be prompt and
steady. It depends on getting enough corti
sone. If your rash doesn't improve steadily,
telephone the office so we can modify your
treatment. When the swelling has gone down,
a cortisone-type preparation will help your
rash heal. Do not use this until the swelling is
down and blistering has stopped as it will not
be effective. You may bathe or shower as
usual. Keep the water as cool as you can, and
don't use soap on your rash since it may
irritate.
Prevention: The only way to prevent
Rhus rash is to avoid contact with the plant
resin. It's traditional advice to wash with
strong soap after exposure. This does no
harm, but is only effective if you wash within
15 minutes of exposure. You will need to
wash clothing, pets, and tools or you may
become re-exposed to the resin. Rhus plants
may cause rashes throughout the year. Roots
and stems can cause a rash just as much as the
leaves. If you can't recognize poison ivy or
poison oak plants, have someone point them
out so you can avoid them.
If you have any questions, or you want to
look at some better color photos, please stop
by and see me.
BPA Barriers
The Bonneville Power Administration
(BPA) is funding fencing activities along the
lower Warm Springs River as part of an
early-action watershed habitat program fit
ting under the Tribal Restoration Plan. BPA
is also funding some monitoring and evalua
tion work that will be accomplished by De
partment of Natural Resources fishery per
sonnel, range and agriculture personnel, GIS
personnel and Inter-Tribal Fish Commission
(CRITFC) scientists.
Watery -j Land
This month a BPA survey crew will locate
1 7 points on the ground and GPS them as the
first step toward aerial photogrammctric data
collection that BPA will generate from a
high and low level flight along the river from
Culpus bridge downstream.
Bank stability, riparian vegetation condi
tion and channel morphology are the moni
toring variables that have been selected.
Although this work is for 1997 only, we
anticipate continuation of flights made bien
nially since it will take the vegetation a
number of years to recover form livestock
use as well as from the recent floods. The
Tribal GIS staff will use ARC Info to gener
ate map layers the CRITFC staff will use to
analyze map data, create graphs and generate
a summary report.
Forfurtherinformation, call Patty O'Toole
at the Tribal Fish and Wildlife Department,
553-3233.
Horseradish-Tomato Relish recipe shared by OSU Master Food Preserver
ftengas Itco
by Norma L. Simpson, OSUAVarm
Springs Extension Home Economics
Agent
A lady called this week to get recipes for
canning horseradish. While we have a sheet
in the OSU Master Food Preserver hand
book, we only have one recipe for canning
horseradish and that is in a tomato relish
listed below.
Generally horseradish taproots are har
vested after several frosts.The roots are stored
in moist sand of sawdust in a cool dark cellar.
Sometimes they are mulched heavily in the
ground then harvested throughout the win
ter. Be sure to harvest all the tap roots, or they
tend to take over the garden.
The problem is that we do not have tested
recipes for horseradish except as an ingredi
ent in a high acid tomato relish. Remember,
horseradish roots come from the soil where
spores of Botulinum thrive. Since horserad
ish is a low-acid root and researchers have
not tested the length of processing and the
food safety, OSU cannot recommend can
ning horseradish.
Instead, OSU recommends that you grind
a small amount of the roots to make the basic
relish that will be stored in the refrigerator.
Horseradish fades and loses its pungency
with 1-2 months even when refrigerated.
Horseradish-Tomato Relish (yields 4-5
pints)
3 quarts peeled, chopped tomatoes
1 12 cups vinegar (5 acidity)
34 light brown sugar
2 tablespoons salt
1 teaspoon ground allspice
12 teaspoon cinnamon
12 teaspoon cloves
3 tablespoons mustard seed
1 tablespoon dill seed
34 cup freshly grated horseradish
1-2 hot chili peppers
1 cup chopped onion
1 cup chopped celery
Chop tomatoes. Combine vinegar, sugar
and spices, and bring to a boil. Add tomatoes,
peppers, onion, celery, horseradish and sim
mer 15 minutes.
Pack into clean hot pint or half-pint jars
and process in boiling water bath canner for
15 minutes.
For a complete copy of'Horseradish,"
ask for special publication SP 50-793 by
calling Norma at (54 1 ) 553-3238 or 553-3535.
Poison Sumac Poison Ivy
Cashew Nut
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ELDER ABUSE: Part 9 Physiological Changes Related to Aging-
by Office of Victims of Crime, US
Department of Justice
Normal Changes in Aging
Old age is not synonymous with disease
and disability. Most older people are active
and healthy throughout their lives. There are,
however, a number of physiological changes
that almost everybody experiences who lives
to a certain age. These are regarded as normal
changes related to age. They include changes
in sense perception and musculoskeletal
systems. In addition to these normal changes,
the chances of acquiring certain diseases
increase with age. Families andPolicemust
be aware of these changes, but be careful not
to assume that all older persons have these
impairments or the same levels of impair
ment. Sensory Changes
Visual Loss. Visual loss usually begins
when an individual is in his or her 40s, As the
lenses of their eyes begin clouding, the size
of their pupils decreases and light is pre
vented from entering. Depth and distance
perception also deteriorate with age, as the
eye lose their ability to converge on images.
Failing vision may also be the result of sev
eral illnesses or conditions, including glau
coma, diabetes, hypertension, or lack of oxy
gen. Visual loss can be extremely traumatic for
those experiencing it. It can limit mobility,
increase the likelihood of accidents, impede
recreational activities, and lead to fear and
isolation. Because vision has been shown to
compensate for other sensory losses, the ef
fects of its loss are far-reaching. Adjusting to
visual loss requires learning new self-care
skills, which many elderly fail to accom
plish. Most, for example, do not learn how to
read Braille.
Hearing Loss. Some hearing loss is com
mon to everyone and usually begins during
the individual's 20s. Changes in hearing that
the elderly experience include the following:
Loss of ability to hear high frequencies.
For this reason, it is often easier for the older
person to understand a male than a female, as
the pitch of men's voices is usually lower
than that of women.
Ringing in the ears.
Hypersensitivity to very loud speech
that would be acceptable to a younger per
son. Loss of the ability to localize where
sound is coming from. This makes it difficult
for many older people to discriminate among
STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP: Watering cattle
J,
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
Several ranchers from Montana have been
part of a Grazing Lands Conservation Initia
tive project that has helped answer the ques
tions of w hether cattle prefer higher quality
drinking water and whether they will avoid
muddy watering sites and allow vegetation
to increase.
Gene Surber, Montana State University's
Extension natural resources specialist, said
water was provided in a tank by either pump
or gravity flow from a dam or pit of water 60
to 150 feet away. The pit or dam water sites
were not fenced. Cattle were given the op
portunity to drink from the tank or pit.
Preliminary results from the 1996 graz
ing season showed that nearly 80 of the
cattle preferred to drink water of the the tank
rather than the dam or pit water, said Surber.
Cattle that drank at the tank stayed at the
watering area from five to 15 minutes, with
most leaving the area about eight minutes
after arrival. Those animals watering at the
dam or pit sites stayed at the water site from
10 minutes to three hours, with most loiter
ing for more than one hour. This could be a
significant contributor to feed consumption
and animal productivity.
According to Dale Veseth, a Malta, Mon
tana rancher, there "seems to be some degree
of learning curve with the herd. Calves dem
onstrated the most interest and consistency
of tank use."
Water quality, on the Veseth ranch, was
most significantly different in total suspended
solids. The water in the tank, compared to
the pit water source, was two miligrams per
liter and 49 miligrams per liter respectively.
In addition, photo stations monitored veg
etation near the watering sites. Monitoring
data will be collected for three to five years
to determine if there is a vegetative change
in the areas. First year photo monitoring
indicates more shoreline vegetation on pits
near water tanks than near similiar pits not
near tanks.
Anthrax cases may increase
Anthrax is likely to kill more livestock
this year because of recent blizzards and
flooding.
"History tells us that we're likely to see an
increase in anthrax," says Ivan Berg, a veteri
narian and animal disease specialist at North
Dakota State University's Veterinary Diag
nostic Laboratory. "But we usually see only
one or two cases a year, so even if we triple
the number of cases, we're not talking about
a large outbreak."
Anthrax is a generalized bacterial infec
tion that attacks internal organs of animals.
The bacteria produce toxins that kill victims
by kidney failure or shock. It only takes a few
days for the disease to kill its host.
Research indicates that livestock may in
gest the reproductive spores while they graze
very short grass when forage is short.
Once the spores are in the system, the
bacteria proliferate and it's only a matter of
days until the animal is dead. Anthrax is not
usually spread from animal to animal, al
though it is infamous because it can kill
humans. But Berg says that's not likey to
happen.
"As long as the carcass remains intact and
is burned or buried properly, the spores will
remain in the carcass and there's little danger
of spreading the disease," he said.
"This is a scarious disease and must be
reported to state authorities by law," Berg
says. A vaccine is available by oreder of the
state veterinarian to protect other animals on
farms where anthrax has been diagnosed.
"That's why it's so important to get a
quick, accurate diagnosis," Berg says.
the sounds heard in a noisy environment.
Many people who have hearing loss com
pensate for it by relying more heavily on
visual clues such as facial expressions.
Touch and Pain. The elderly have re
duced tactile sense. As a result, they experi
ence less pain and may be less likely to
notice injuries or conditions such as heart
attacks. Declines in the sensation of touch
mat result in a loss of balance and may
increase the risk of falls.
Older people are also especially suscep
tible to the adverse effects of weather, in
cluding hypothermia (a sometimes fatal drop
in internal temperature), heat stroke, and
hear exhaustion. Conditions that may make
older people even more susceptible to tem
perature extremes are chronic illness, inabil
ity to afford enough heat or cooling, inactiv
ity, obesity, alcoholism and use of certain
medications.
Symptoms of hypothermia include some
times irregular heart beat; slurred speech;
shallow, very slow breathing; sluggishness;
and confusion. Signs of heat stroke or ex
haustion include faintness, dizziness, head
ache, nausea, loss of consciousness, rapid
pulse, flushed skin, weakness, heavy sweat
ing, and giddiness,
Musculo-Skeletal Changes
Up to the age of 30, people's bone content
increases. It remains constant until about the
age of 45, and after which it falls progres
sively. While this is true for both men and
women, bone content falls rapidly for women
after menopause.
Osteoporosis refers to a reduction of the
total amount of bone in the skeleton. It is
characterized by loss of height and down
ward inclination of the head. While it is a
natural effect of aging, it become"clinical"
osteoporosis when the total bone is reduced
below a critical level at which fractures are
more likely to occur and bones become more
painful when stressed. Musculoskeletal
changes such as osteoporosis make it diffi
culty for older people to perform some daily
tasks such as reaching or getting up from a
chair or a bed. They also make falls more
dangerous, frequently resulting in broken
hips.
Cognition
Cognition is a composite term that refers
to intelligence, ability to learn and memory.
Whit it has been observed that some changes
in cognition are a normal function of the
aging process, they effect of these changes
do not significantly impair social function
ing. Significant declines are usually the
result of disease. There is evidence to sug
gest, however, that the speed of cognitive
processing declines with age. This means
that it may take older people longer to recall
or process information.
Diseases and Chronic Conditions of the
Elderly
The elderly are more susceptible to cer
tain acute and chronic illnesses than other
segments of the population. Chronic condi
tions are long-term (more than three months),
are often permanent, and leave a residual
disability that may require long-term man
agement or care. Some are acquired earlier in
life and are never cured, while others are
more likely to acquire in advanced age.
The most common chronic conditions that
cause limited activity in individuals over 65
are arthritis, which affects 50 percent of the
elderly; hypertension, which affects 39 per
cent ; hearing impairment, which affects 30
percent. More than 80 percent of the over-65
population have at least one chronic condi
tion, and many have multiple conditions.
Common conditions of the elderly include:
Arthritis: A variety of types of inflam
mations and degenerative changes of bones
and joints, resulting in limited functioning.
Hypertension (highbloodpressure):
While blood pressure often increases some
what with age, significant elevations pose a
serious healthy problem. They can damage
the heart ,lungs, and kidneys and contribute
to the development of heart disease.
Stroke (cervovascular accident): A
blockage of blood from the brain. The sever
ity depends on the particular areas and amount
of brain issue involved,
Congestive heart failure: A set of symp
toms related to the impaired pumping perfor
mance of the heart. The result is that the more
chambers of the heart do not empty ad
equately during t he heart's contractions.
Parkinson's disease: A neurological dis
ease that results in tremors, rigidity, lack of
expression and difficulty walking.
Diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes): A
disease associated with deficient insulin se
cretion,, leading to excess sugar in the blood
and urine.. This type of diabetes begins in
adulthood and develops slowly. It occurs not
frequently in obese elderly The retinas of the
eyes are often affected.
In Part 10 of Elder Abuse, in an August
issue of Spilyay, the article will look at
"Other Physical and Emotional Problems
Associated with Aging."