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About Spilyay tymoo. (Warm Springs, Or.) 1976-current | View Entire Issue (Nov. 9, 1995)
SpilyayTymoo Warm Springs, Oregon November 9, 1995 7 Arlene Boileau Bob Pawelek 4-H & Youth Livestock Clint Jacks rOMatWftTI UMWWTY bcttension Staff Chair, Madras Sue Ryan 4-H Assistant SGRVICE Norma Simpson Home Economics (503) 553-3238 The Oregon Stale University Extension Service staff is devoted to extending research-based information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs in agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm .Z"",'i!-Nl' Springs cooperating. The Excnsion Service offers its programs and materials equally to all people. The Clover Speaks: Tips on 4-H Leadership & teaching techniques by Sue Ryan 4-II Program Assistant (and adapted from O.S.U. publication 4-H 0274L) The Warm Springs 4-H program has been sharing tips on 4-H leadership in this column the past few months- through a se ries of publications titled "Letters to New Leaders". This issue its time to tackle the subject of "Leadership and Teaching Techniques". A wise teacher once observed, " If a child isn't interested, you can't teach him. If he is interested, you can't keep him from learning." Most 4-H leaders don't think of themselves as teachers. However, through volunteer leaders, 4-H members learn skills in their projects that help develop self-esteem, sound decision-making, effective communication skills, responsibility, and rrrC ,nnnn. 4-h clubL- -y Cooking made easy by Norma L. Simpson During the Novermber 16 Healthy Cooking Class at the Wellness Kitchen, I be demonstrating the way to cook your first turkey, make stuffing from scratch, make asian pear salads from fresh and canned asian pears, and finaly make holi day pies from home canned pie filling. We have canned these items during previ ous Healthy Cooking Classes where we put the emphasis on less fat, less salt and less sugar without sacrificing the taste. Beginners will learn a lot during the class, and overcome some of the anxiety of having to host your first big dinner. People in the class have been great to share their ways of cooking traditional meals and traditional foods. Come and share some of your ideas with us. We sample things so you will know if you will like the dishes prepared and know how much time it takes to prepare. We will also talk about cost and preparing for a small family on a budget. FREE HEALTHY COOKING CLASSES ARE HELD EACH THURS DAY NIGHT FROM 5:30 TO 7:30 pm give or take a few minutes. Stockman's Round Up oy bod raveieK OSU Livestock Agent Beavers often get a bad wrap for what their cousins are really guilty for. Since beaver damage can be confused with damage caused by muskrats and nu tria, it is important to accurately identify the species involved. It may be necessary to secure the help of experienced people in doingso. Firstof all, beavers and muskrats are rodents, as are nutria. All three are resi dents of Oregon. We're pretty familiar with beavers, and some individual beavers are not as benefi cial as others. However, whether a beaver is bad or not really isn't the question. It's whether or not the individual animal is in the proper location. A particularly persis tent beaver who's been damming up the canals at Sidwalter is definitely in the wrong place. But the beaver who dammed the 4-H pond on Tenino Creek should be receive an award at 4-H Volunteer Day. it cooperation with others. 4-H leaders are successful teachers because they establish a personal relationship. A 4-H project is the tool by which the leader takes hold of a child and becomes a teacher. Learning takes place through the expe riences a 4-H member has. ..not what a leader does. Leadership styles and how they affect your club What you do, and the results you get, depends a great deal on how you and your members relate in the club. In the following pictures, the shaded figures represent the members and the light figure is the leader. What kind of relation ship would you like to find yourself in? Us-and-our club. The leader knows the individual members well and is interested in them and in what they do. The club be longs to all the youth and the club will be the most successful when it exists for the member's benefit. The leader say's "Let's go", "Let's find out", "How shall we best do this ?". The leader takes an active part in club affairs but does not control them Leader-alongside-club. The leader moves along beside the club and with it. The leader watches the progress, offers suggestions, and actively helps do the work. The leader is genuinely interested and enjoys being a leader, but does not have a feeling of owning the club. He or she sees that the job is done. Leader-out-in-front club. The leader is out in front and draws the club behind. Soon the leader speaks of "my club," which may make it appear to others that the club belongs to the leader. Programs may be planned, but they only reflect the leader's wishes. Hands-off club. The leader sits back, makes no decisions for the group, and forces the group and the individuals to chart their own course. Good as well as bad de cisions, plans, and programs are permitted to develop. Strong clubs get stronger un der this type of leadership. Weak clubs may fall apart. Which relationship is right ? No one relationship is the "right" one. In fact, depending on the situation each one could be "right". The trick is to find the one that works best for you in your group. - You'll probably find yourself most com fortable and the members happiest in one of the four types of relationships. However, . as interests and experience change, so does the club. Christmas advice: Think ahead by Alice Mills Morrow - OSU Extension Family Economics Specialist Between Halloween and December 24, the toy industry will spend a billion dol lars influencing your kids about what they want for Christmas. And soon your child will tell you what he or she wants, and then what he or she really wants, and by Mid December what he or she really, really wants. The Oregon State University (OSU) Extension Service advises you to take a minute to reflect on last year's holidays. What was the most fun for you and your family? Were there things you wish have been different? Were there activities or expenditures which, as you think back, just didn't seem worth it? Was the item that your child really, really wanted soon for gotten? If so, do you want to make some changes in your 1995 celebrations? If you want to make changes, now is the time for the fam ily to think of ways to bring them about. Pond pests: Beavers, Muskrats range from near the Arctic Circle in the Yukon and the Northwest Ter ritories, down to the Gulf of Mexico, and from the Aleutians east to Labrador and down the Atlantic coast into Georgia. This critter has been introduced practically all over the world, and, like most exotics, has sometimes caused severe damage as well as ecological problems. It spends its life in aquatic habitats and is well adapted for swimming. Its large hind feet are partially webbed, stiff hairs align the toes. It does have a flattened tail, but the flat part is laterral and narrow, com pared to the beaver's horizontally wide tail. The tail is almost as long as its body. It has a stocky appearance, with small eyes and very short, roundeed ears. Its front feet, which are much smaller than its hind feet, are adapted primarily for digging and feed ing. The name muskrat, common throughout the animal's range, derives from two musk glands found beneath the skin at the ven tral base of the tail in both sexes. Nutria are native to South America and were successfully established in North American in the early 1930's as a new furbearing species. Many were released into Louisiana marshes. A hurricane in 1941 aided in scattering nutria through Louisiana and South Texas. Nutria are large, stocky, brown-furred rodents that resemble large rats. They are semi-aquatic like beaver, but instead of broad, flat tails, nutria have long, round, scaly tails sparsely covered with bristles. They have webs between the inner four toes of their hind feet. They have large front teeth which range from yellow to dark or What to do when kids act up (O.S.U. Publication 4-H 0274L) Sometimes kids do act obnoxious. ..admit it., don't feel guilty. The important thing to remember is that the action is obnoxious, not the person! It's a very important distinction. The behavior is not okay, the youth is. Young people virtu ally never act up for the sheer pleasure of it. Youth usually have a reason for what they do. Chances are, a member acting up has a problem, and if you're perceptive (and patient), you might be able to discover the problem and help solve it. Stop a minute before you let yourself get upset and ask yourself, "Why is he or she doing that ?" Some common reasons why people act up. I, They want attention. If they disrupt a meeting, they get not only your attention, but attention from other members as well. How about giving the member some re sponsibilities during the meeting ? That way, shehe gets needed attention in a posi tive way. 2.They might be uncomfortable in the situation. Maybe they don't know what's expected. A few quiet words to ex plain what to do will probably do the trick. If it doesn't work, a quiet talk while others are occupied might clear the air. 3. They may be afraid of failure. Closely related to number two above is acting up because of fear of failure. If a person feels they can't do what is expected, it may be less embar rassing to be called a "troublemaker" than to be called a "failure." 4. They don 't like Sign up now for 4-H Kids & Parents ! ! !- You can sign up now for 4-H clubs. Current 4-H clubs include: Culture of all peoples, Rainbow Dancers, Search and Rescue cadets, Public Safety cadets, Timbercubs basketball, Co-ed bas ketball, Columbia River bears basketball, and the Livestock club. Call 553-3238 for more information !!! Pick up lost items at OSU Extension Boo-hoo-hoo. Lost camp items can be heard crying for their owners. If you left behind anything at the 1995 4-H Wilder ness Enrichment camp at Trout Lake, come to the O.S.U. Extension office and check our barrel of lost and found items. tHave a safe & Happy Veteran Day Holiday. We appreciate & thanfcattxjoii veterans! Muskrats & Nutria ange. Nutria are relatively docile, and often play similar to otters. Beaver and nutria damage can be quite similar, and may occur simultaneously at the same location. By sitting quitely near ponds in the early morning or at dusk, it is often possible to identify each of the spe cies present as they move about. Nutria and muskrats do not construct dams, nor do they plug drainage pipes, ditches or canals. Also, beaver leave chips at thir feeding areas, both on land and in water; nutria and muskrats do not. Since both beaver and nutria peel twigs with their incisors to feed on the inner bark, the width of tooth marks, droppings and other signs usually are helpful in determining which species is responsible. Damage caused by muskrats and nutria is primarily due to their burrowing activ ity. Nutria have also been known to girdle fruit and shade trees. All three species can have either posi tive or negative values. They are economi cally important furbeares when their pelts provide income to trappers. Conversely, they are considered pests when they dam age property. The value of the resource must be compared with the cost of control. Most people will not control beaver, musk rat or nutria if costs exceed the value of the resource being protected, or if control will adversely inpact income derived from trapping. Of course, there are exceptions, especially when the resource has a high sentimental or aesthetic value to the owner or user. I guess I'rn !uoky to have the beaver on my side. what the group is doing. The activity or project may be too easy or too difficult. It's probably necessary to sit down, one-on-one, and help this member set some goals that heshe would really like to reach. 5. 's possible you have no idea why a par ticular member is acting up. The quickest way to find out is ...ask the member. For example, "Bob.from the kinds of things you have been doing, I get the idea you're not happy being in this group. I would like to work it out with you. How do you feel about it ?" Foods that do FOODS USUAL USE CONDITION AFTER THAWING Raw cabbage, celery watercress, As raw salad Limp, water-logged, quickly cucumbers, endive, lettuce, radishes develops oxidized cbfor, aroma - . and flavor Cooked creamed vegetables Side dish Loses flavor rapidly. Store only a ' few weeks for best Quality. Irish potatoes, baked or boiled In soups, salads, sauces or Soft, crumbly, waterlogged with butter mealy Watermelon As raw fruit Soggywatery ; Egg whites, cooked In salads, creamed foods, Soft, tough, rubbery spongy sandwiches, sauces, gravy or desserts Meringue In desserts Touohens sticks to wrnn Icings made from egg whites Cakes, cookies Frothy, weep Cream or custard fillings Pies, baked goods Separates, watery, lumpy, soaks into crust Milk sauces and gravies For casseroles or gravies May curdle or separate. Best to thicken with waxy starch (Clear Jet), ..less likely to separate. Sour cream As topping, in salads Separates, watery Cheese or crumb toppings On casseroles Soggy Cooked macaroni, spaghetti or rice When frozen alone for later use Mushv. tastes warmed over Mayonnaise or salad dressing On sandwiches (not In salads) Separates Fried foods All except French fried Lose crispness, become soggy Dolaloes and onion rings Potato salad, macaroni salad Salad Becomes watery and tough, mushv ' Unbaked biscuits Baked products Smaller and less tender Unbaked muffins Baked product Poor texture Gelatin In salads or desserts Weeps Fruit Jelly Sandwiches May soak bread, weeps Chocolate covered cherries Candy Expands during freezing causing I them to break by Norma L. Simpson In this page, you see a chart about "Foods That Do Not Freeze Well." I started to think about the last Food "Chocolate covered cherries." They "expand during freezing causing them to break." Then the bells began to ring in my head. I re membered cherries that had leaked all over or were sticky and hard a month later but I did not connect the reasons for the disap pointment. Perhaps you've had the same experience. Chocolate covered cherries are often gifts for Christmas, or at least an item that we usually buy when the weather is cold. I suspect that many of us have put the boxes of cherries in the trunk of the car after shop ping, and perhaps even left them in the car so the kids will not get into them before the holidays. When chocolate covered cherries freeze, they crack and the juice runs all over. If we don't eat them, the juice returns to the solid form, sticking to the paper cups. How Come? The answer is based on how chocolate covered cherries are made, and how the liq uid gets inside in the first place. When I was young, I thought that they inject the fluid inside, just like a vaccination. Ouch, I remembered some of the terrible shots we use to get from the big syringe and the big needles. That is not the way it happens. To make chocolate covered cherries, the cherries are wrapped in a candy called "Fondant." It's a soft white candy that we make much like we make fudge. Wc melt "dipping chocolate" either milk chocolate or dark chocolate in a double boiler full of hot water so it does not burn. BEAVER NUTRIA TOTAL 40-70 lbs. to 100 7-12 Weight Split nail . A All toes webbed not freeze well Chocolate burns easily when it is heated,"' I so start cooking in the slightly boiling;! double boiler. Test the chocolate to see if ,' it clings to the fondant. If all the chocolate i runs off, the chocolate needs to be cooked' ', more to drive off extra moisture in the chocolate. Test it frequently until the 1 chocolate is just right. '. Then we dip each wrapped cherry into" '. melted dipping chocolate and quickly place ; it on a cold marble slab, cookie sheet or ' cold counter top. When the cherries are ! properly dipped, there will be a small flat surface on the bottom on the marble. Some '. professional dippers dip each cherry sev- " eral times so that the chocolate will be thick enough to support the cherry and liquid that ' forms. : What's that? The liquid forms? Yes, J that's what happens in about four or six weeks. The white fondant candy turns to the redpink liquid that we associate with- ' cherry chocolates. If we buy the cherries in September or October and eat them right away, the fon- ' dant candy will still be white. The sugar in the fondant has not had time to "invert" or change from solid to liquid. As the fondant sits inside the chocolate, the sugar in the , fondant begins to absorb moisture from the . air through the chocolate. In the four-six weeks the white candy changes to liquid., No magic syringe and dreadful needle in ject each chocolate. Finally, cherry chocolates frequently are made with solidified coconut oil that gives the chocolates a high sheen. Coconut oil is one of the saturated fats that people with, heart disease should avoid. ..including Chocolate Covered Cherries. Sorry. MUSKRAT LENGTH lbs. to 20 1-4 lbs. ' alrtiCa''y Right Hind Foot