Image provided by: The Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs; Warm Springs, OR
About Spilyay tymoo. (Warm Springs, Or.) 1976-current | View Entire Issue (June 15, 1990)
1 rriyirinni w "'"" iTf "I" M"1'"" r i yr'Tn i '"'"""i i """ i t '"i p p i i 1 1 'f1 1 ) 1 p i 1 y p p-p- y-y w ywpi r -"tp f jm Spilyav Tymoo Warm Springs, Oregon June 15, 1990 PACK 7 Helping your youngster develop independence Developing Sense of Initiative Rather than Guilt Like adults, children aged 3 to 6 have work to do; to develop their personal capabilities, to learn that their world is reliable, to build relationships, and to learn responsibility. Children perform these tasks through play. Parents help their children accomplish all their tasks by setting positive guidelines for behavior and activities. Task HI: Discovering Personal Capabilities ' Three to six year old children are actively interested in the world around them. The almost limitless energy of the young child makes it impossible for them todo anything just half way. A puddle of water must be explored-first with the toe, then by jumping in, and even by sitting down. Total involvement in his or her world is the rule for the young child. Helping a child maximize their unique capabilities also means helping them establish limits. Limits are usually discovered by an individual when goals cannot be achieved. It is also possible to establish limits by setting goals which help a child reach for the edge of their abilities but not fall over that edge! Including a child in preparing a meal can begin with putting the napkins and cups on the table or helping the child spread the jelly on the bread. As the child shows both an interest and the ability, addi tional responsibilities can be add-ed-clcaring the table, pouring the milk, or stirring the pancakes for breakfast. Helping our children reach for new skills which are stretched but do not exceed their ability level is a tool they will use all of their lives. Task 2: Learning that the World b Reliable The world of the child is one characterized by learning new in formation and building skills on a daily basis. Certain outlines add stability to the child's daily life. For example, times for baths, dinner, naps and bed can all be established routines which both the parent and the child can come to expect as a regular part of daily living. Following a flexible timetable helps the child adapt to unexpected changes which always occur! Set ting bathtime for the half hour between 6:30 and 7:00 establishes more continuity than trying to fit the bath in sometime during the evening. When unexpected chang es occur, the child is better pre pared to adapt when times are flexible. Task 3: Learning How to Build Relationships and Learn Responsi bility The rich world of the 3 to 6 year old is sometimes overwhelming! One important task that children learn is to mold roles they will assume in adulthood. Playtime can be filled with pretending to be the mother or lather ol a make-believe family. Toys, adult clothing for dress up and other materials will help the child practice the behavior he or she will need to be a suc cessful adult. Spending time with older adults is good experience for the young child who is busy ab sorbing information about the be havior of others. Setting reasonable goals for the young child helps teach the child responsibility. When the parent helps the child set a goal the child can accomplish-such as a five-year old taking out the garbage-then the child learns to be responsible when the task is completed. Since a child is less skilled than the adult in setting goals, it is important that the parent help the child pick a task that is not too difficult to do. Remember! It is easy to set limits whichare negative. Forcxample.a small child who wants to ride a bicycle may be told"No, you are not big enough to ride that bike." On the other hand, a positive guideline could be established when a parent says, "That bike will be ready for when you are about 8 years old. Let me help you get ready for that bike by working with you to learn to ride this tricylce. Information Provided By: OSU Warm Springs Extension 1134 Palute Street PO Box 430 Warm Springs, OR 97761 (503) 553-32383239 Gardens need water Don't let theample rains lull you into thinking your home garden will have little need of water over the next several weeks. Plan ahead when grocery shopping Deal with death in advance The time to deal with a death in the family is before death occurs because decisions made under emo tional stress may not satisfy any one, points out Vicki Schmall, Oregon State University Extension gerontologist. That's why the OSU Extension Service has published the circular called "When Death Comes." The publication, EC 1243 , focuses on funerals and alternate arrange ments. Written by Schmall, Extension gerontologist, and Clara Pratt, director, Program on Gerontolo gy, College of Home Economics, the publication stresses that plan ning "allows for better decisions, reduces confusion and uncertainty at the time of death, and results in arrangements that best fit the emo tional and financial needs of a family." The circular, reviewed by the Oregon Funeral Directors Associ ation and the Oregon Cemetery Association, gives information a bout why and how to plan for death, financing funeral and other services, alternatives to the tradi tional service and burial, planning a funeral, and planning a cemetery burial. Family communication is impor tant in making plans and arrange ments, the authors stress. Survi vors should know what plans have been made, where important pa pers are kept and the names of people to contact, the plans should also be sensitive to the feelings and wishes of the survi vors. Contact the OSU Extension Service for your copy. 553-3238 Plan ahead. If possible, plan menus for a week at a time. Buy staples such as flour, sugar and corn meal monthly or bi-monthly; check what's on hand before shop ping. Remember, most grocery pro ducts cost less per serving when you buy larger packages. As you plan menus, check news paper ads for weekly specials and sales. You can save money at sales if the food store is near you, if the food is of a good quality for your needs and if you have enough good places to keep it. Check your local papers to find out which days supermarket ads appear. Hand bills and circulars handed out at the store also list sale items. Make a shopping list; write down items as you think of them through the week. Group the items bv the way you find them in your store; this will save time and steps. Take your pencil along and check off items as selected. Usually stick to the list, but if you discover a better buy at the store, substitute. Write down prices and add them up as you go through the store so you don't spend more money than you planned. Prices of fresh fruits and vege tables change with the season. Buy seasonal fresh foods when most plentiful in your area. Compare costs of different forms of foods (fresh, frozen, canned, dried, etc.). To find the best buy, divide the price by the number of servings. The lower price per serving is the thriftiest choice. And don't forget, if you want to buy foods that are already pre-pared by the manufacturer, like a frozen pizza, you'll usually have to pay considerably more than if you made the pizza your self. Read labels to learn quality, size and weight. You do not need to buy fancy grades of fruits and vege tables, especially for use in stews, soups, fruit puddings or pies. Nu trition is the same and flavor is often just as good in lower grades. Remember, non-food items are not part of the food bill. You might buy laundry supplies, hose, cos metics or magazines in the super market, but you should keep these things separate from your food budget. Buy enriched, whole grain or restored cereals, bread, corn meal, grits, flour and macaroni products for extra nutrition. You get more vitamins and minerals in these pre ducts and the cost is usually the same. Buy fortified milk for its extra vitamins and minerals. Shop for foods rich in Vitamin C, such as orange juice, grapefruit, tomatoes, cabbage and green pep pers. Many fruit juices and drinks also contain added Vitamin C. Shop for foods rich in iron, such as liver, eggs, raisins, greens, dry beans. This is important for all women, paritcularly for young mothers and pregnant women. Shop for foods rich in calcium, such as milk, cheese and greens. . When you reach home, put food away quickly and properly to a void spoiling and waste. This is especially important for refrigcr atc 'terns such as meat, fish, poul try ggs, milk and frozen food Wear gloves when spraying It's pesticide season again and here's a safety bulletin. Wearing the right kinds of gloves in the right way can greatly reduce your expo sure to pesticides. Don't wear cot ton or leather gloves plastic, rub ber or vinyl ones are best. , If you're in a drenching spray, sleeves should extend over gloves to prevent funneling pesticide inside them. However, for mixing and loading where splashes are apt to come from below the hands, gloves should extend up oversleeve-cuffs. ;. And when you're done, rinse gloves off before taking them off. This helps prevent inside contamin ation. Now, you're ready for the next game and more dirt and mud! Winners, losers are different 1. A winner says, "Let's find out." A loser says, NODoay Knows. 2. When a winner makes a mistake, he savs. "I was ...... ' ' wrong. When a loser makes a mistake, he savs, "It wasn't my fault." 3. A winner isn't nearlv as afraid oflosina. as a loser is i - , , . . -" secreuy airaia or winning. A winner works harder than a loser and has more time. A loser is always "too busy" to do what is necessary. A winner goes throuah a problem. A loser aoes ... . .. arouna n, ana never gets past it. 6. A winner makes commitments. A loser makes promises. A winnner savs. "I'm aood. but not as aood as I ought to be. " A loser savs. "I'm not as bad as a lot of other people. " 8. A winner listens. A loser just waits until it's his turn to talk. 9. A winner respects those who are superior to him and tries to learn from them. A loser resents those who am kupei ior to him and tries to find chinks in their armor. 10. A winner explains. A loser explains away. 1. A winner feels responsible for more than his iob. A loser says, "I only work here. " 12. A winner savs. "There ouaht to be a bettor wav tn do it." A loser says, "That's the way it's always been aone nere. 13. A winner Daces himself. A loser has onlv two vspeeds hysterical and lethargic. Frothing berries could be plagued with pesky bugs Strawberry plants "frothing" about the leaves and stems are victims of a small pest insect called the spittlebug. Spittlebugs are small, hopping, torpedo-shaped insects similar in appearance to leafhoppers but larg er and stockier. These pests feed on the leaves of the host plant, causing the leaves to appear distorted and stunted. In addition to strawberries, spittle bugs also like to feed on many types of ornamental plants. The spittlebug overwinters in the egg stage, attached to leaf stems and leaves. The nymphs hatch in April and secrete a white froth, or spittle, over their feeding place on new growth. On strawberries spit tlebug injury causes reduced yield and inferior fruit. The pesticide Sevin can be used for spittlebug control. A non-chemical alternative is to hose the plants with water to wash away the froth spittlebugs use for protection. Without this cover, spittlebugs are susceptible to insect predators and hungry birds. We had a good amount of rain, particularly in western Oregon. In fact, some home gardeners have had to delay planting because of excessively wet garden soil. However, as temperatures in crease in June and rains slack off, home gardens may dry out quickly. Established gardens should be watered thoroughly every five to seven days with at least I inch of water. In most cases, watering with a garden sprinkler is the best way to provide water for the garden. Most garden sprinklers deliver about one-fourth inch of water per hour. Check to see if enough water is being applied to the garden by waiting a day or so after watering. Then dig a hole in the garden to see how deeply the water has pene trated into the soil. The moisture zone should be 6 to 8 inches deep. If not, more watering is needed. Watering thoroughly every five to seven days is better than fre quent light watering, which causes ' vegetable plant roots to grow near the soil surface. Shallow roots are more susceptible to damageduring hot, dry days or when weeding. Todetcrmine when another thor ough watering is needed, scrape back the soil near the plants. If the moisture level is within an inch or so of the surface, more water is not necessary. If water starts to puddle during irrigation, the sprinkler is putting out water faster that the garden soil can take it in. If crusted soil is preventing penetration, break the soil up with shallow cultivation. A good time to irrigate the gar den is in the early morning, when less wind and lower temperatures keep evaporation to a minimum. Also, an early watering lets the foliage dry out before tempera tures cool down in the evening. Trees, shrubs can be pruned during hot summer months Strictly speaking, summer prun ing isn't necessarily a no-no. The summer is as good a time as any to prune home landscape trees and shrubs. The pruning of shrubs and both ornamental and fruit trees follows a basic guideline. If you have a plant that needs prun ing, prune it. Prune during the summer to train trees and shrubs, and to con trol disease and insect problems in home landscape plantings. Most gardeners prune woody plants during the dormant season because dormant plants won't Make sure those items can be recycled Keep the environment in mind when you go grocery shopping. Consider the recyclability of pack aging material as you make your food selections. You can help reduce solid waste by buying food products in pack aging that can be recycled. Because some other plastics may create a solid waste problem, buying foods Planning helps avoid those terrible budget busters If expenses were the same every month, budgeting would be easy. But every family has budget bus tersunusual expenses that occur only one or two times a year. Budget busters may be gifts, auto insurance premiums, back-to-school expenses, vacations, prop erty and income taxes or unex pected repairs. These are irregular expenses. Irregular or non-monthly ex penses should be budgeted for just as regular monthly expenses. This helps you avoid surprises and gives you more control over your fi nances. Have every member of the fam ily write their less than routine financial needs on a calendar Record total expenses for each month. Then determine the total yearly cost of non-monthly expenses for your situation. Divide the yearly cost of each item total by 12 to learn the aver age monthly cost. Total the aver age monthly amount. This will give you a more realistic idea of your average monthly expenses. Use this information to develop a savings plan that will make money available to meet those needs when they occur. Ideally, you should have enough money set aside to cover basic liv ing expenses for a three-month period. If you replenish it each month with the set-aside amount, your yearly average monthly irreg ular expenses, you should be able to promptly pay all your bills each month, still have your "emergency fund" at the end of the year and avoid financial stress at bill paying time. (such as peanut butter and catsup) in glass jars may be a more envir onmentally sound option. Glass jars can either be recycled or else reused for storage and microwav ing of leftovers. Look for alternatives to polysty rene which does not degrade as readily as paper in landfills. Buy eggs in cardboard cartons. For picnics, use paper plates and cups or reusable durable plastic ware. Some companies are marketing their products in recycled packag ing (sometimes labeled with a sym bol). You can support their efforts with your pocketbook. If you aren't able to buy foods in packaging that can be recycled, it's better to choose products with less packaging. Many microwavable products have multiple layers of plastic and carboard packaging. Individually packaged foods (such as cheese slices or single servings of foods) also contribute more solid waste. Getting the most food in less packaging is best. Buy food (such as tea) in bulk when feasible. Fro zen concentrated juice has less packaging than juice in jars or small cans. Reusing packaging material can be a form of family recycling. Plas tic bags (such as bread bags and those used to bring produce home) can be washed and reused. Alumi num foil can also be washed and reused to cover pans in the oven. Re-use plastic margarine tubs rather than buying new plastic containers for food storage. Other food-related decisions can affect the environment as well. For example, cloth towels and napkins are better choices than paper pro ducts to both save trees and reduce solid waste. Waxed paper is a bet ter choice than plastic wrap from an environmental perspective. Use glass dishes with lids in the micro wave rather than plastic wrap. Even the way that we dispose of food can affect the environment. Re-use paper bags for trash dispo sal rather than buying plastic bags that don't degrade. Consider whether you need to acquire all those bags. Try carrying a cloth tote bag for small purchases. Being conscious of environmen tal concerns as you shop is a good first step toward making changes. bleed when cut, McNeilan says. Also the landscaper may feel more secure about cutting limbs out of a dormant plant because its struc ture is easy to see. However, landscapers go ahead and prune when they see a need. Don't be afraid to cut. Your trees and shrubs will be the better for it. Plants that grow a lot of suckers and water sprouts especially need attention during the summer. Apple, willow and plum trees all will grow suckers, epecially if pruned back hard during the win ter. Suckers and water sprouts left in place will make a tree look more like a shrub and rob the tree's upper portion of growing vigor. When suckers are just beginning, simply pull them off. If they have grown too large for pulling, cut them back flush with the trunk. Pines can be kept in bounds by trimming back the new "candles," or shoots. To let the pine grow slowly, cut these shoots back to about one-fourth their original length. "IT SHOULDN'T HURT TO BE A CHILD" Stains can be removed Yes, dirt, mud stains and base ball go together. But there are ways to get most of the stains out. First shake off any dry soil or dirt particles, then soak overnight in cold water. The next step is to rinse the uniform or socks under the cold water faucet. Then, pretreat stained areas with heavy-duty liquid detergent. It's best to wear gloves when doing this. Put detergent directly on the stain and scrub material together. Wash with the regular laundry with heavy-duty detergent in warm water. If the stain isn't out, the next step is bleach. Soak no longer than 15 minutes in a diluted solution, then rinse thoroughly and dry. Seal breakfast cereals tightly Jefferson Count Fair July 25-29, 1990 Keep cereals, crackers and other crisp foods on a cool, dry shelf. Fold down the inner wrapping of Add vitamin C Adding a serving of vitamin C rich foods to each meal can help absorb more iron from plant foods. Many women have difficulty getting enough iron in their diets. A recent study showed that border line anemic women who added vitamin C to each meal for SVi weeks improved in several tests for iron status. The best way to add vitamin C to your meals is by eating a vitamin C rich food. O ranges, tomatoes, strawberries, cantaloupe, broccoli, potatoes and cabbage are good sources of vita min C. cereal packages bctore closing the box top to keep cereal fresh and crisp. Keep potatoes and onions in a cool, dark place in the kitchen or pantry where air can circulate around them. Do not keep pota toes and onions under the sink because it is too warm and damp. Keep sugar, flour, corn meal, rice, spices and other dry foods in a dry place at room temperature. Always use the oldest of these foods first when you buy a new supply. For expamle, empty the flour can completely before filling again. If possible, keep coffee in the refrigerator. Keep foods like jelly, pickles, peanut butter and mustard in the refrigerator only if the label says "refrigerate after opening." Other wise they take up refrigerator space you could use for something else. m,mm m m m