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Spilyav Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
June 15, 1990 PACK 7
Helping your youngster develop independence
Developing Sense of Initiative
Rather than Guilt
Like adults, children aged 3 to 6
have work to do; to develop
their personal capabilities, to
learn that their world is reliable,
to build relationships, and to
learn responsibility.
Children perform these tasks
through play. Parents help their
children accomplish all their tasks
by setting positive guidelines for
behavior and activities.
Task HI: Discovering Personal
Capabilities
' Three to six year old children are
actively interested in the world
around them. The almost limitless
energy of the young child makes it
impossible for them todo anything
just half way. A puddle of water
must be explored-first with the
toe, then by jumping in, and even
by sitting down. Total involvement
in his or her world is the rule for the
young child.
Helping a child maximize their
unique capabilities also means
helping them establish limits.
Limits are usually discovered by an
individual when goals cannot be
achieved. It is also possible to
establish limits by setting goals
which help a child reach for the
edge of their abilities but not fall
over that edge!
Including a child in preparing a
meal can begin with putting the
napkins and cups on the table or
helping the child spread the jelly on
the bread. As the child shows both
an interest and the ability, addi
tional responsibilities can be add-ed-clcaring
the table, pouring the
milk, or stirring the pancakes for
breakfast. Helping our children
reach for new skills which are
stretched but do not exceed their
ability level is a tool they will use all
of their lives.
Task 2: Learning that the
World b Reliable
The world of the child is one
characterized by learning new in
formation and building skills on a
daily basis. Certain outlines add
stability to the child's daily life. For
example, times for baths, dinner,
naps and bed can all be established
routines which both the parent and
the child can come to expect as a
regular part of daily living.
Following a flexible timetable
helps the child adapt to unexpected
changes which always occur! Set
ting bathtime for the half hour
between 6:30 and 7:00 establishes
more continuity than trying to fit
the bath in sometime during the
evening. When unexpected chang
es occur, the child is better pre
pared to adapt when times are
flexible.
Task 3: Learning How to Build
Relationships and Learn Responsi
bility The rich world of the 3 to 6 year
old is sometimes overwhelming!
One important task that children
learn is to mold roles they will
assume in adulthood. Playtime can
be filled with pretending to be the
mother or lather ol a make-believe
family. Toys, adult clothing for
dress up and other materials will
help the child practice the behavior
he or she will need to be a suc
cessful adult. Spending time with
older adults is good experience for
the young child who is busy ab
sorbing information about the be
havior of others.
Setting reasonable goals for the
young child helps teach the child
responsibility. When the parent
helps the child set a goal the child
can accomplish-such as a five-year
old taking out the garbage-then
the child learns to be responsible
when the task is completed. Since a
child is less skilled than the adult in
setting goals, it is important that
the parent help the child pick a task
that is not too difficult to do.
Remember! It is easy to set limits
whichare negative. Forcxample.a
small child who wants to ride a
bicycle may be told"No, you are
not big enough to ride that bike."
On the other hand, a positive
guideline could be established
when a parent says, "That bike will
be ready for when you are about 8
years old. Let me help you get
ready for that bike by working with
you to learn to ride this tricylce.
Information Provided By:
OSU Warm Springs Extension
1134 Palute Street
PO Box 430
Warm Springs, OR 97761
(503) 553-32383239
Gardens need water
Don't let theample rains lull you
into thinking your home garden
will have little need of water over
the next several weeks.
Plan ahead when grocery shopping
Deal with death in advance
The time to deal with a death in
the family is before death occurs
because decisions made under emo
tional stress may not satisfy any
one, points out Vicki Schmall,
Oregon State University Extension
gerontologist.
That's why the OSU Extension
Service has published the circular
called "When Death Comes." The
publication, EC 1243 , focuses on
funerals and alternate arrange
ments. Written by Schmall, Extension
gerontologist, and Clara Pratt,
director, Program on Gerontolo
gy, College of Home Economics,
the publication stresses that plan
ning "allows for better decisions,
reduces confusion and uncertainty
at the time of death, and results in
arrangements that best fit the emo
tional and financial needs of a
family."
The circular, reviewed by the
Oregon Funeral Directors Associ
ation and the Oregon Cemetery
Association, gives information a
bout why and how to plan for
death, financing funeral and other
services, alternatives to the tradi
tional service and burial, planning
a funeral, and planning a cemetery
burial.
Family communication is impor
tant in making plans and arrange
ments, the authors stress. Survi
vors should know what plans have
been made, where important pa
pers are kept and the names of
people to contact, the plans
should also be sensitive to the
feelings and wishes of the survi
vors. Contact the OSU Extension
Service for your copy. 553-3238
Plan ahead. If possible, plan
menus for a week at a time. Buy
staples such as flour, sugar and
corn meal monthly or bi-monthly;
check what's on hand before shop
ping. Remember, most grocery pro
ducts cost less per serving when
you buy larger packages.
As you plan menus, check news
paper ads for weekly specials and
sales. You can save money at sales
if the food store is near you, if the
food is of a good quality for your
needs and if you have enough good
places to keep it. Check your local
papers to find out which days
supermarket ads appear. Hand
bills and circulars handed out at
the store also list sale items.
Make a shopping list; write
down items as you think of them
through the week. Group the items
bv the way you find them in your
store; this will save time and steps.
Take your pencil along and check
off items as selected. Usually stick
to the list, but if you discover a
better buy at the store, substitute.
Write down prices and add them
up as you go through the store so
you don't spend more money than
you planned.
Prices of fresh fruits and vege
tables change with the season. Buy
seasonal fresh foods when most
plentiful in your area.
Compare costs of different
forms of foods (fresh, frozen,
canned, dried, etc.). To find the
best buy, divide the price by the
number of servings. The lower
price per serving is the thriftiest
choice. And don't forget, if you
want to buy foods that are already
pre-pared by the manufacturer,
like a frozen pizza, you'll usually
have to pay considerably more
than if you made the pizza your
self. Read labels to learn quality, size
and weight. You do not need to
buy fancy grades of fruits and vege
tables, especially for use in stews,
soups, fruit puddings or pies. Nu
trition is the same and flavor is
often just as good in lower grades.
Remember, non-food items are
not part of the food bill. You might
buy laundry supplies, hose, cos
metics or magazines in the super
market, but you should keep these
things separate from your food
budget.
Buy enriched, whole grain or
restored cereals, bread, corn meal,
grits, flour and macaroni products
for extra nutrition. You get more
vitamins and minerals in these pre
ducts and the cost is usually the
same.
Buy fortified milk for its extra
vitamins and minerals.
Shop for foods rich in Vitamin
C, such as orange juice, grapefruit,
tomatoes, cabbage and green pep
pers. Many fruit juices and drinks
also contain added Vitamin C.
Shop for foods rich in iron, such
as liver, eggs, raisins, greens, dry
beans. This is important for all
women, paritcularly for young
mothers and pregnant women.
Shop for foods rich in calcium,
such as milk, cheese and greens.
. When you reach home, put food
away quickly and properly to a
void spoiling and waste. This is
especially important for refrigcr
atc 'terns such as meat, fish, poul
try ggs, milk and frozen food
Wear gloves
when spraying
It's pesticide season again and
here's a safety bulletin. Wearing
the right kinds of gloves in the right
way can greatly reduce your expo
sure to pesticides. Don't wear cot
ton or leather gloves plastic, rub
ber or vinyl ones are best.
, If you're in a drenching spray,
sleeves should extend over gloves
to prevent funneling pesticide inside
them. However, for mixing and
loading where splashes are apt to
come from below the hands, gloves
should extend up oversleeve-cuffs.
;. And when you're done, rinse
gloves off before taking them off.
This helps prevent inside contamin
ation. Now, you're ready for the next
game and more dirt and mud!
Winners, losers are different
1. A winner says, "Let's find out." A loser says,
NODoay Knows.
2. When a winner makes a mistake, he savs. "I was
...... ' '
wrong. When a loser makes a mistake, he savs, "It
wasn't my fault."
3. A winner isn't nearlv as afraid oflosina. as a loser is
i - , , . . -"
secreuy airaia or winning.
A winner works harder than a loser and has more
time. A loser is always "too busy" to do what is
necessary.
A winner goes throuah a problem. A loser aoes
... . ..
arouna n, ana never gets past it.
6. A winner makes commitments. A loser makes
promises.
A winnner savs. "I'm aood. but not as aood as I
ought to be. " A loser savs. "I'm not as bad as a lot of
other people. "
8. A winner listens. A loser just waits until it's his turn
to talk.
9. A winner respects those who are superior to him and
tries to learn from them. A loser resents those who am
kupei ior to him and tries to find chinks in their armor.
10. A winner explains. A loser explains away.
1. A winner feels responsible for more than his iob. A
loser says, "I only work here. "
12. A winner savs. "There ouaht to be a bettor wav tn
do it." A loser says, "That's the way it's always been
aone nere.
13. A winner Daces himself. A loser has onlv two
vspeeds hysterical and lethargic.
Frothing berries could be
plagued with pesky bugs
Strawberry plants "frothing"
about the leaves and stems are
victims of a small pest insect called
the spittlebug.
Spittlebugs are small, hopping,
torpedo-shaped insects similar in
appearance to leafhoppers but larg
er and stockier.
These pests feed on the leaves of
the host plant, causing the leaves to
appear distorted and stunted. In
addition to strawberries, spittle
bugs also like to feed on many
types of ornamental plants.
The spittlebug overwinters in the
egg stage, attached to leaf stems
and leaves. The nymphs hatch in
April and secrete a white froth, or
spittle, over their feeding place on
new growth. On strawberries spit
tlebug injury causes reduced yield
and inferior fruit.
The pesticide Sevin can be used
for spittlebug control.
A non-chemical alternative is to
hose the plants with water to wash
away the froth spittlebugs use for
protection. Without this cover,
spittlebugs are susceptible to insect
predators and hungry birds.
We had a good amount of rain,
particularly in western Oregon. In
fact, some home gardeners have
had to delay planting because of
excessively wet garden soil.
However, as temperatures in
crease in June and rains slack off,
home gardens may dry out quickly.
Established gardens should be
watered thoroughly every five to
seven days with at least I inch of
water. In most cases, watering with
a garden sprinkler is the best way
to provide water for the garden.
Most garden sprinklers deliver
about one-fourth inch of water per
hour. Check to see if enough water
is being applied to the garden by
waiting a day or so after watering.
Then dig a hole in the garden to see
how deeply the water has pene
trated into the soil. The moisture
zone should be 6 to 8 inches deep.
If not, more watering is needed.
Watering thoroughly every five
to seven days is better than fre
quent light watering, which causes '
vegetable plant roots to grow near
the soil surface. Shallow roots are
more susceptible to damageduring
hot, dry days or when weeding.
Todetcrmine when another thor
ough watering is needed, scrape
back the soil near the plants. If the
moisture level is within an inch or
so of the surface, more water is not
necessary.
If water starts to puddle during
irrigation, the sprinkler is putting
out water faster that the garden soil
can take it in. If crusted soil is
preventing penetration, break the
soil up with shallow cultivation.
A good time to irrigate the gar
den is in the early morning, when
less wind and lower temperatures
keep evaporation to a minimum.
Also, an early watering lets the
foliage dry out before tempera
tures cool down in the evening.
Trees, shrubs can be pruned
during hot summer months
Strictly speaking, summer prun
ing isn't necessarily a no-no.
The summer is as good a time as
any to prune home landscape trees
and shrubs. The pruning of shrubs
and both ornamental and fruit
trees follows a basic guideline. If
you have a plant that needs prun
ing, prune it.
Prune during the summer to
train trees and shrubs, and to con
trol disease and insect problems in
home landscape plantings.
Most gardeners prune woody
plants during the dormant season
because dormant plants won't
Make sure those items can be recycled
Keep the environment in mind
when you go grocery shopping.
Consider the recyclability of pack
aging material as you make your
food selections.
You can help reduce solid waste
by buying food products in pack
aging that can be recycled. Because
some other plastics may create a
solid waste problem, buying foods
Planning helps avoid those
terrible budget busters
If expenses were the same every
month, budgeting would be easy.
But every family has budget bus
tersunusual expenses that occur
only one or two times a year.
Budget busters may be gifts, auto
insurance premiums, back-to-school
expenses, vacations, prop
erty and income taxes or unex
pected repairs. These are irregular
expenses.
Irregular or non-monthly ex
penses should be budgeted for just
as regular monthly expenses. This
helps you avoid surprises and gives
you more control over your fi
nances. Have every member of the fam
ily write their less than routine
financial needs on a calendar
Record total expenses for each
month. Then determine the total
yearly cost of non-monthly expenses
for your situation.
Divide the yearly cost of each
item total by 12 to learn the aver
age monthly cost. Total the aver
age monthly amount. This will give
you a more realistic idea of your
average monthly expenses.
Use this information to develop
a savings plan that will make money
available to meet those needs when
they occur.
Ideally, you should have enough
money set aside to cover basic liv
ing expenses for a three-month
period. If you replenish it each
month with the set-aside amount,
your yearly average monthly irreg
ular expenses, you should be able
to promptly pay all your bills each
month, still have your "emergency
fund" at the end of the year and
avoid financial stress at bill paying
time.
(such as peanut butter and catsup)
in glass jars may be a more envir
onmentally sound option. Glass
jars can either be recycled or else
reused for storage and microwav
ing of leftovers.
Look for alternatives to polysty
rene which does not degrade as
readily as paper in landfills. Buy
eggs in cardboard cartons. For
picnics, use paper plates and cups
or reusable durable plastic ware.
Some companies are marketing
their products in recycled packag
ing (sometimes labeled with a sym
bol). You can support their efforts
with your pocketbook.
If you aren't able to buy foods in
packaging that can be recycled, it's
better to choose products with less
packaging. Many microwavable
products have multiple layers of
plastic and carboard packaging.
Individually packaged foods (such
as cheese slices or single servings of
foods) also contribute more solid
waste.
Getting the most food in less
packaging is best. Buy food (such
as tea) in bulk when feasible. Fro
zen concentrated juice has less
packaging than juice in jars or
small cans.
Reusing packaging material can
be a form of family recycling. Plas
tic bags (such as bread bags and
those used to bring produce home)
can be washed and reused. Alumi
num foil can also be washed and
reused to cover pans in the oven.
Re-use plastic margarine tubs rather
than buying new plastic containers
for food storage.
Other food-related decisions can
affect the environment as well. For
example, cloth towels and napkins
are better choices than paper pro
ducts to both save trees and reduce
solid waste. Waxed paper is a bet
ter choice than plastic wrap from
an environmental perspective. Use
glass dishes with lids in the micro
wave rather than plastic wrap.
Even the way that we dispose of
food can affect the environment.
Re-use paper bags for trash dispo
sal rather than buying plastic bags
that don't degrade. Consider
whether you need to acquire all
those bags. Try carrying a cloth
tote bag for small purchases.
Being conscious of environmen
tal concerns as you shop is a good
first step toward making changes.
bleed when cut, McNeilan says.
Also the landscaper may feel more
secure about cutting limbs out of a
dormant plant because its struc
ture is easy to see.
However, landscapers go ahead
and prune when they see a need.
Don't be afraid to cut. Your
trees and shrubs will be the better
for it.
Plants that grow a lot of suckers
and water sprouts especially need
attention during the summer.
Apple, willow and plum trees all
will grow suckers, epecially if
pruned back hard during the win
ter. Suckers and water sprouts left in
place will make a tree look more
like a shrub and rob the tree's
upper portion of growing vigor.
When suckers are just beginning,
simply pull them off. If they have
grown too large for pulling, cut
them back flush with the trunk.
Pines can be kept in bounds by
trimming back the new "candles,"
or shoots. To let the pine grow
slowly, cut these shoots back to
about one-fourth their original
length.
"IT
SHOULDN'T
HURT
TO BE A
CHILD"
Stains can
be removed
Yes, dirt, mud stains and base
ball go together. But there are ways
to get most of the stains out.
First shake off any dry soil or
dirt particles, then soak overnight
in cold water. The next step is to
rinse the uniform or socks under
the cold water faucet.
Then, pretreat stained areas with
heavy-duty liquid detergent. It's
best to wear gloves when doing
this. Put detergent directly on the
stain and scrub material together.
Wash with the regular laundry
with heavy-duty detergent in warm
water.
If the stain isn't out, the next step
is bleach. Soak no longer than 15
minutes in a diluted solution, then
rinse thoroughly and dry.
Seal breakfast cereals tightly
Jefferson Count Fair
July 25-29, 1990
Keep cereals, crackers and other
crisp foods on a cool, dry shelf.
Fold down the inner wrapping of
Add vitamin C
Adding a serving of vitamin C
rich foods to each meal can help
absorb more iron from plant
foods.
Many women have difficulty
getting enough iron in their diets.
A recent study showed that border
line anemic women who added
vitamin C to each meal for SVi
weeks improved in several tests for
iron status. The best way to add
vitamin C to your meals is by
eating a vitamin C rich food. O
ranges, tomatoes, strawberries,
cantaloupe, broccoli, potatoes and
cabbage are good sources of vita
min C.
cereal packages bctore closing the
box top to keep cereal fresh and
crisp.
Keep potatoes and onions in a
cool, dark place in the kitchen or
pantry where air can circulate
around them. Do not keep pota
toes and onions under the sink
because it is too warm and damp.
Keep sugar, flour, corn meal,
rice, spices and other dry foods in a
dry place at room temperature.
Always use the oldest of these
foods first when you buy a new
supply. For expamle, empty the
flour can completely before filling
again. If possible, keep coffee in
the refrigerator.
Keep foods like jelly, pickles,
peanut butter and mustard in the
refrigerator only if the label says
"refrigerate after opening." Other
wise they take up refrigerator
space you could use for something
else.
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