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About Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 21, 1945)
Landing of Allied Occupation Forces in Japan to Begin Sunday 4 of Doolittle's Tokyo Raiders Freed at Peiping Paratroopers Release Prisoners But Are Interned by Japs Chungking, Aug. 21 U. Four members of Lt. Gen. James H. Doolitlle's Tokyo raiders have been liberated by Ameri can paratroopers dropped at Peiping, It was revealed today, but several other paratroop rescue operations encountered Japanese or Russian objections. The Doolittle airmen were among a group of 12 Americans liberated in the Peiping area by a group of paratroop volunteers of the office of strategic ser vices. Eight were Captured ', (Eight of the Doolittle raid iers were captured by the Jap anese in China and later Tokyo reported that "some" of them had been executed. Those cap tured were reported as: 1st Lis. William G. Farrow, Wash- ington. D. C; Robert L. Hite, Earth, Tex.: Robert J. Meder, Lakewood, O.; Chase J. Niel son, Hyrum, Utah and Dean E. Hallmark, Dallas, Tex., and 2nd Lt. George Barr, Madison, Wis.; Sgt. Harold A. Spatz, Lebo, Kans., and Cpl. Jacob Deshazer, Madias, Ore. Rescue of four of the Doolittle fliers would indi cate that four or fewer of the men were executed by the Jap anese.) A similar OSS team landed at Mukden but advised their headquarters that until the Jap anese received permission from the Russians, for the Americans to land they probably would be interned. Prisoners Well Treated Teams dropped at Shanghai and Canton reported they prob ably would be unable to take any steps to liberate Americans until the formal signing of the Japanese surrender. The Peiping group reported that they were staying at the Grand Hotel under "the cour teous protection of imperial Japanese army headquarters" of north China. They said they were getting every kind of co "k operation from the Japanese. fV' They foutta'12i:American.prl- ,'soners of war in the area, four ' at nearby Fengtai, seven in the Peiping prison charged with an attempt 'to escape, and one at Tsian, also charged with an es cape attempt. All were being transferred to the Grand Hotel. The team also located 317 in ternees in 10 different places in Peiping, all of whom were re ported comfortably quartered. (Concluded on Page 11, Column 5) Lend-lease to i Allies Ended Washington, Aug. 21 W Ter mination of lend-lease opera tions was announced officially i at the White House today. ( Press Secretary Charles G. J Ross said letters have gone out from the foreign economic ad ministration to most of the gov ernments that participated in the program. The formal no tices were transmitted through the various missions here. Ross said discontinuance of the pro gram is effective as of the time of receipt of the notification by the missions. The White House statement said President Truman ordered hat all outstanding lend-lease contracts be cancelled "except where allied governments are willing to agree to take them over or where it is in the in terest of the United States to complete them." The statement estimated un completed contracts for non munitions and finished goods in this country not yet transfer red to lend-lease beneficiaries total about $2,000,000,000. An other $1,000,000,000 to $1,500, 000,000 is tied up in lend-lease supplies in stockpiles abroad. The United States has spent about $39,000,000,000 in lend lease operations. Carrier Boys Aid In Bean Harvest If the carrier boy is late with your Capital Journal the reason is that he is helping the community meet the harvest emergen cy in the bean fields. If the subscriber can be patient under the circumstances it will be appreciated both by the carri' r and the news paper management. At the latest, the boys will leave the Capital Journal office with their papers before 5 o'clock. C apital jkt Jomunnial 57th Year, No. 197 Salem, Oregon, Tuesday, August 21, 1945 Russians Pose As Liberators Of Manchuria London, Auk. 21 (U.R The Soviet communique tonight reported thai 52,000 more Japanese prisoners have sur rendered to advancing Sovicl far eastern forces in Man churia. London, Aug. 21 (U.R) A Sov iet broadcast said today that red armies had entered the "for eign country" of Manchuria as liberators, not conquerors a broad hint that Russia has sub scribed to the Cairo pledge to return Manchuria to China. . . . The broadcast came as three Soviet armies completed the oc cupation of Mukden, Harbin and Changchun (Hsinking), Manchuria's three most impor tant cities, and began mopping up scattered, disorganized units of Japan's beaten Kwantung army. Japanese Surrendering Japanese troops were surren dering by the tens of thousands. Radio Khabarovsk, voice of the Soviet near eastern com mand, was heard broadcasting an order to Russian troops to "respect the independence of the foreign country" which they were liberating from the "Jap anese yoke." "The local population must be given the assurance that their rights will not be infringed," Khabarovsk said. "Treat the in dependence of their country with respect." Return to China The broadcast suggested that Russia, first at the Potsdam con ference and again in conclud ing a friendship treaty with Chi na, had confirmed her willing ness to return Manchuria to China. Chinese sovereignty over Manchuria first was affirmed .iiV'the Cairo declaraiton of 1943 by the late President Roosevelt, former Prime Minister Church ill and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek. When Russia first entered the far eastern war, there was some speculation that she might have territorial designs on Manchu ria. After Kharbarovsk broadcast reported that a heavy all-day battle preceded the fall of Har bin, northern Manchuria com munications center, to the Sec ond far eastern army after a 300-mile advance from the Sov iet border. There were no details yet of the capture of the big indus trial center of Mukden or the fate of American war prisoners in a camp there, Kharbarovsk said. Canceled Contracts Worth $112,285,700 Portland, Ore., Aug. 21 lP) Kaiser shipyard officials said to day dollar value of maritime contracts canceled at the three Portland-Vancouver yards to tals $112,285,700. The officials said the pay rolls at all yards have been slashed to about 36,000, and that men are quitting as rapidly as others are being laid off. Other yards 'reported men leaving voluntarily, but not on the scale as at the three war built Kaiser yards. Japanese Told To Obey Orders Of Conquerors (By the AMtoclated Press! The Japanese were told to day by two of their most pow erful dailies, their future poli tical activity must follow a path midway between past "power politics" and contemptuous "currying of favor" with the allies. The people also were told, for the first time, the mikado had sent surrender emissaries to General MacArthur's headquar ters in Manila. The disclosure was made in an imperial an nouncement of the return of Lt. Gen. Takashiro Kawabe's party to Tokyo. The announcements invariably are made public. Face Cold Facts The Tokyo newspaper Main ichi in an article entitled "Be prepared to face cold facts," said that Japan's affairs in the fu ture will be ruled by the "one sided voice" of the allies, and that "even if Japan's wishes are overruled, she cannot make a single complaint." The article explained that "unconditional surrender means the defeated nation accepts all of the conqueror's terms." "We must quietly realize the tragedy that Japan has been stripped bare and must begin anew," Mainichi concluded. Atomic Bomb Pictures Mainichi carried on its front page three pictures of the devas tation caused by the second atomic bomb at Nagasaki, im portant southeastern Kyushu naval staging base. Radio Tokyo reported one showed "the cen ter of the once thriving city has been turned into a vast devasta tion with nothing left except rubble as far as the eyes could see." A second photograph depicted "the tragic scene 10 miles away from the center of the atomic air attack where farm houses are either crushed down or the roofs torn asunder. The third showed "the ghastly scene" at Nagasaki with a horse crushed beneath a wrecked building. "Nagasaki is now a dead city, all areas being literally razed to the ground. Only a few buildings are left, standing con spicuously from the ashes," the photographer was quoted as saying. Mainichi and the Nippon Times were the two newspapers which outlined for Japan its political course. "Since our endeavors to build up a Japan based on sheer might met with complete failure, we must henceforth tread the path of a peaceful nation," observed Mainichi. Auto Registration Now Totals 408,406 Motor vehicle registration In Oregon at end of July totaled 408,406, Secretary of State Ro bert S. Farrell, Jr., disclosed to day. That is an increase of 3400 over the number registered at the same time last year. , Passenger cars represen'ed a slight decrease with 323,383 last year. There were 1142 buses, 35,385 light trucks and 45,448 heavy trucks. Registration fees totaled $3,454,443.07 as compared with $3,345,292.94 a year ago. Captured Nazi Documents Brand Quisling Arch Traitor Oslo, Aug. 21 (U.R) The prosecutor in the treason trial of Vid kum Quisling today introduced captured German documents branding the Norwegian puppet as an arch-traitor who persuaded the nazis to invade his country- in 1940. Chief Prosecutor An naes Schjoedt began the second day of the trial by reading from a mass it documents and sworn statements obtained from such top nazi war criminals as Her mann Goering, Joachim Von Ribbentrop and Alfred Rosen berg. The highlight of the new evi dence came with the reading of extracts from a diary taken from Rosenberg, in which the notorious nazi Jew-baiter wrote that Quisling offered German bases in Norway and talked Hit ler Into invading the country, against the fuehrer's judgment. Henrik Bergh, head defense counsel, offered a half-hearted objection to the diary, but yield ed when the court pointed out it would be impossible to have Rosenberg now an allied cap tive at Nuernberg testify per sonally. Schjoedt followed with a doc ument found by British police in the German admiralty in Berlin. The paper recorded a conversation between Quisling and German Grand Admiral Erich Raeder on December 11, 1939, in which Quisling offered his services to Germany. Quisling was quoted as say ing that Norway had made a secret treaty with Britain guar anteeing the latter a safe land ing on Norwegian soil in the event of war, and that he was ready to pave the way for a German invasion. $ . 1 t JL xi 4 !.. (t,iU..--MM. ' ' Exact Units and Landing Plans Not Announced But Include All Branches of Armed Service Jap Surrender Group Arrives at Nichols Field VP) This is a general view as members of Jap 16-man surrender delegation arrives at Nichols, Manila, and debarked from a C-54 transport plane after flight from Ie Shima. (AP wirephoto from signal corps via radio from Manila.) Housewives Urged to Help Save Bean Crop Appeals to stale and federal agencies to insure a sufficient number of bean pickers to save 40 percent of the $l,750,-u0 bean crop in the Salem area were coupled today with an urgent pica for 250 housewives to enlist in the job of harvesting food vitally needed for the armed forces and civilians. Telegrams to Secre- Vtary of Agriculture Clinton P. Anderson and General George Finland Gets Recognition Washington, Aug. 21 (U.R) The United States was ready to do business again with Finland a former axis satellite which has established a democratic form of government through. free elections." But the prospects of similiar action in other eastern Euro pean governments were "riot "'so': good. The-problem5 "of postwar elections in former occupied nations and other axis satellites is just beginning to plague this country. Secretary of State James F. Byrnes announced last night that the U. S. representatives in Finland, Maxwell Hamilton, has informed Finland of U. S. willingness to restore diploma tic relations. The United States, after careful study, has con cluded that the March, 1945, elections in Finland were ''free ly conducted and expressed through secret ballot the demo cratic wishes of the Finnish people." : UNRRA to Send Italy, Austria Aid London, Aug 21 W Dele gates to the third UNRRA con ference today approved the con troversial U. S. backed vote coming from Yugoslavia. Russia previously had Indi cated objections to helping Italy and it was understood that the change in the Soviet position was due to a reported compromise in which aid assured for the Ukraine and White Russia. Yugoslavia objected to treat ing Italy on the same basis as other liberated nations. P) U. S. Pontiff Receives 11 Congressmen Vatican City, Aug 21 Pope Pius told the 11 representatives in congress at an audience today that he hoped the post-war world would be based on justice and charity. Rep. Horan (R-Wash) was one of the delegation. The congressmen flew here from Moscow, via Berlin. They will tour Italy and the Balkans 10 days, checking on how Am erican money is being used. Queen Mary Brings 16,653 Troops Back New York, Aug. 21 (U.PJ The Queen Mary and three other transports, carrying 16,653 troops, dock here today. Many members of the 30th division arrive aboard the Queen Mary which carried 14,809 sol diers who will go to Camp Kil mer, N. J., for processing. Other ships arriving were the Hawaiian Skipper, with 1813 troops diverted from the Paci fic; Occidental Victory, 29 troops, and the Sarah J. Hale, with two aboard. C. Marshall, army chief of staff, were dispatched last night by Governor Earl Snell calling for immediate assistance in obtain ing 1000 workers to meet the critical emergency facing the bean harvest. "Bean growers in the Willam ette valley stand to lose forty per cent of this year's crop un less additional harvest workers can be immediately assured," the officials in Washington were told, "cannerl- and, - growers planned thisyeai!'s pack on the basis of fifty per cent being con tracted for purchase by the army and remaining fifty per cent for increased civilian demand. Com placency of civilian population makes it impossible to recruit sufficient labor to harvest this crop at a time when food is so urgently needed." Meanwhile the Salem Cham ber of Commerce joined with canners and growers in urging housewives to go into the fields. A "housewives special" pickup at the Farm Labor office, 361 Chemekela, has been scheduled for 8 a. m. to carry housefives to the bean yards. "Women who have sons re turning from the fighting fronts should keep faith with those who have given their lives," asserted one war mother whose boy Is not coming back. Earnings in the bean fields yesterday reached the highest figure so far this season. One 16-year-old youth picked a to tal of 728 pounds during' a ten hour day to earn $18.20. Wom en were averaging from $7.50 to $10, and children in family groups were earning proportion ate amounts. Slow Down by Bus Drivers Called Off Portland, Aug. 21 M") Grey hound buses were traveling at normal speed today after some drivers slowed down purposely over the week end in protest to enforcement of. the 35-mile speed limit, a union official said. The speed limit now has been lifted. The drivers, declaring they could not maintain schedules at the 35-mile rate, staged the "slowdown" after the ODT and and ICC threatened to penalize them. Ted Beguin, union repre sentative, said some drivers also limited the number of "stand ees" and refused to pick up those waiting on the highway. Wesley T. Egger, Greyhound division superintendent, admit ted a slowdown had occurred but said the union gave no notice. 40 Hour Week Rules Navy Washington, Aug. 21 P.i All civilian employes of the navy outside of Washington will be working a five-day, 40-hour week by September 15. Under order of Secretary of Navy Forrest al, the shortened work week also is being exten ded to cover all workers on na val ordnance, including those in private industry. Civilian workers employed in Washing ton will continue to work 44 hours weekly. The navy also announced yes terday that its ordnance pro curement will be cut about $1, 500,000,000 through termina tion or partial cancellation of 1200 contracts and modification of anpther 500. Some 500 con tracts will be reviewed and ap proximately 1600 will be con tinued without change. The navy said most of the contracts were not scheduled for completion for several months acid the Immediate impact will not be as severe as the dollar volume might imply. MacArthur Silent But Japan Announces Tokyo Area and 5 Prefectures to be Occupied First Troops to be Airborne De Gaulle Due Wednesday Washington, Aug. 21 (U.R1 Gen. Charles De Gaulle arrives here tomorrow for a conference with President Truman at which he is expected to press France's claims for "Big Five" status and ask American support of France's demand for $60,000, 000,000 reparations from Ger many and Italy. De Gaulle and his foreign minister, George Bidault, will bring with them the official doc ument by which France ratifies the United Nations charter. This delivery by hand of France's approval of the San Francisco charter was expected in French circles to lend weight to France's insistence on equal status with the United States, Britain, Russia and China in the settlement of world affairs, in cluding negotiations for the capitulation of Japan. De Gaulle also is expected to explain France's delay in ac ceptance of the Potsdam plan, which the Big Three asked her to approve and adhere to. Manila, Aug. 21 P Landing of allied occupation forces In Japan will begin Sunday around metropolitan Tokyo and in the Chiba, Kanagawa, Yamanashl and Shizuoka prefectures, Japanese imperial headquarters and the imperial government announced today in a joint communique. General MacArthur's headquarters continued silent as to occu pation plans. Exact units and landing plans for ground forces will not be announced until after the occupation. It was known, however, that every branch of the American armed services would be represented. Virtually all ot the hundreds of transport planes throughout the Pacific will be used to transport the first landing troops and Mac Arthur and many of his key staff personnel to Japan. They will be covered by every type of aircraft, possibly including the giant B-29s. The communique broadcast by Domci news agency ap pealed to the Japanese people f- to "remain calm and continue their business as usual." It specified an area from which im perial troops will be withdrawn immediately "to avoid any strife arising from this landing." Earlier, the information min istry had announced that the first occupation troops would be airborn, landing at Atsugi air field, 20 miles southwest of Tokyo. The airborne landings will be followed on Tuesday, August 28, with "further land ings from warships and trans ports in the Yokosuka area," the ministry said. Police to Guard The joint communique said that in the area from which im perial troops are withdrawn the regular police will be augment ed by the gendarmerie and two divisions of navy police. Withdrawal of Japanese arm ed forces in the territory "with in a line linking the east band of the Kamo-Gawa river. Chiba city, the estuary of the Tamag awa river. Fuchu, Hachioji, Ot- suki and the southern end of the Izu peninsula" as "promptly as possible" was ordered by the imperial communique. The communique added that two allied fleets will enter Sagami bay, which is the outer waters off the Tokyo area, with "one unit entering Tokyo bay if conditions are favorable." Actual time of the beginning of the fleet movements was not given in the somewhat vaguely worded text but the communi que specified that "on August 28, using warships and naval transports, troops will be landed in the vicinity of Atsugi and Yokosuka." The Japanese announcements wore the first disclosures of plans for Ihe triumphal entry by allied forces which will lead to the formal surrender to Gen. MacArthur as supreme allied commander. MacArthur had announced only that the occupation would be carried out by the end of the month. Tokyo's disclosures followed an imperial announcement that the mikado's surrender envoys had returned to Tokyo with ex plicit Instructions of what the Japanese must do to prepare for occupation. The Imperial an nouncement, which Is tradition ally made public, was the first word the Japanese people had that their envoys had gone to Manila at MacArthur's order. Envoys Return to Tokyo Japanese general headquar ters radioed MacArthur that both while-painted envoy planes had returned to Tokyo, after being delayed by air mishaps. The text of the credentials carried by Lt. Gen. Takashiro Kawabe, head of the negotiators, was released by MacArthur's general headquarters today. It IConrludfd on Page 11, Column 8) Ultimatum To Burma Japs London, Aug. 21 W) Japan- I cse troops continued to fight all along the 300-mile Burma front today as Admiral Lord Louis Mountbattcn awaited a reply to his radio message directing the Japanese southeast Asia com mander to send surrender en voys to southeast Asia, directed his broadcast order yesterday to Field Marshal Count Julchl Ter auchi, commander of the Japan ese southern army, and advised him that the Japanese envoys should be empowered to arrange for complete land, sea and air surrender in the theater. (The Japanese radio at Saigon in a mossage to Mountbatten recorded by the FCC said Ter auchi's answer would be broad cast at 9 p.m., eastern war time today). The order, broadcast by the. New Delhi radio, was in accord ance with the surrender pro cedure outlined In Manila yes terday by Gen. MacArthur, who said "Responsibility for that portion of the southwest Pacific area which lies south of the Philippines will be assumed by British and Australian com manders." Mountballen's order did not specifically define Tcrauchl's command area, but presumably it includes Burma, Indo-China, Singapore, Thailand and the Malay States. The Japanese In Burma, who have lost approximately 12,000 men in bloody fighting in re cent weeks, are continuing the struggle, apparently under the pretext that they do not know the war is over, said Rangoon dispatches, Six prisoners taken near Nyaungbcbin were quoted as saying they had not heard that the allied surrender terms had been acccpled In Tokyo. Four survivors of a force which was virtually wiped out In a desper ate attempt to escape from a Pegu hills trap said the same thing, the Rangoon advices declared. The Weather (Released by the United States Weather Bureau) Forecast for Salem and vicin ity: Clear tonight and Wednes day except for a few low clouds during the morning. Tempera tures will be a few degrees cooler Wednesday. Lowest tonight, 61. Max. vesterday. 91. Mln. today, 47. Mean temperature yester day. 68, which was 2 above nor mal. Total 24-hour precipita tion for the month, trace, which Is .31 Inches below normal. Wil lamette river height, -4 ft. Jap Air Defense Measures Including Blackout Lifted San Francisco, Aug. 21 (u.R) Japanese air defense mesaures, including the blackout, "light control and sound control will be removed effective at midnight today," an imperial defense an nouncement broadcast by radio" government had authorized re tooling of Japanese national economy and governmental con trols to fit the coming peace. A finance ministry office charged with formulating post war finance plans began to func tion today, the broadcast said. Purposes are to: 1. Reorganize government institutions, 2. For mulate provisional measures for control and disposal of army and navy property, 3. Advise on debts guaranteed hy govern ment, 4. Revise policies of eco nomic control, 5. Dispose of special Japanese corporations abroad, 6. Continue banking, 7. Advise on monetary questions pertaining to occupational army, and 8. Settle reparation!. Tokyo said loday. "As a result of the decision national life will be restored to normal as far as air defense is concerned," Tokyo said in a broadcast recorded by United Press. The broadcast praised "gal lant activities of those engaged in air defense works who de fended the land against air raids at the risk of their own lives as well as the general pub lic who also battled air raids courageously." Presumably lifting of the air defense precautions was to pave the way for esrly anticipated landings by American airborne troops on the soil of Japan. Earlier Tokyo broadcasts re corded by United Press said the Jap Surrender Envoys in China Chungking, Aug. 21 (H Ja panese envoys arrived at Chih kiang In Hunan province today to arrange with Chinese authori ties details of Ihe surrender of Japanese forces in China. The envoys, who came by plane, were headed by Gen. Ky oshi, deputy chief ot staff to Gen. Yasuji Okamura, the Ja panese commander-in-chief. Troops of Generalissimo Chi ang Kai-Shek moved Into addi tional territory in the Yellow river seclnr of east central China as the generalissimo put up to Chinese communist leader the responsibility for peaceful settlement of China's pressing internal problems. The high command announced In Chungking that troops of Gen. Hu Chung-Nan and local militia units had occupied five more lowns in Honan province, including Jungyang, on the Lunghai railway 10 miles west of C'hcnghsien. and Changko, on the Pciping-Hankow railway 33 miles south of Chcnghsicn. Oth ers restored to Chungking con trol in this strategic zone south of the big river were Kungchen, Yuhsion and Mhsien. In the ad joining province of Shansi north of the river. Gen. Yen Hsls-Han took over Juichcng, 1B0 miles west of Chcnghsicn. Chunshim Island, at the month of the Min river below Foochow, was reported to have been occupied a week ago by the command ot Gen. Ku Chu-Tung.
