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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (March 16, 1883)
JjMoch. Ihe Best Feed for Cows to Produe the LargeBt Profits In Milk and Butter. Undoubtedly the most milk and from which the finest quality and largest quantity of but ter can be made, is found in the fresh and luxurious pastute, where ltho cow can get an .abundant supply without much toil, com I nosed of sweet, succulent grasses that abound fin old meadows, Kentucky blue grass is the best of them all, and w here a good supply of this evcellent variety can bo obtiined no other kind need bo desired. It is very nutri tious, and all grass-eating animals are es pecially fond of it, and thrive rapidly with its use. Clover and timothy mixtd also makes an excellent pasture, which grows rapidly, renews itself very often during a favorable season, and produces a very fine quality of bulter. Stock of all kindi are fond of it; it is easily raise! and is, perhaps, the most re liable and successful grass crop known to this section of country. In the heay clay soils of Indiana it is a pretty hard struggle to get clover to remain long in the soil. The frosts of winter raise the ground and dis place the roots, and during the dry weather of the summer" following the plant is 'liable to die, so that it is rare that a crop of clover will amount to much after tho second year, and tho only plan to be provided with this excellent crop for pasture and hay is to sow a field every year. Timothy is much more hardy, and hosts and drouths seem to affect it but little, an 1 it can b3 depended upon without renewing for many yeifs. But as the seasons aro so uncertain, and tho mult of a very dry one is the partial or total destruc tion, temporarily or permanently, of the pas tures, the careful stock owner will see to it that he prepares a s iling crop of young corn, to be cut and fed during the hot, dry summer mocths, or whenever needed. A good plan is to plant the crop succesively in May and early days of June, say ten days or two weeks between plantings, which insures a fresh grain feed for the CCW3 at the times when the pastures are parched and dried. This plan should always be followed wherever cows aro kept for dairy purposes. Tho corn should be sown thickly, in rows two and a half to three feet apart. This admits of culti vation and promotes tho growth of the plant. I have found this green corn, during the months of July and August through a dry season to be immensely valuable in keepiog up the flow of milk when the pastures had failed. ',' It should be cut and fed to the cows in such a manner and in such quantities as to avoid waste. A good plan is t j feed it in the stables! $The adiitional labor of providing this crop U amply rewarded by the increased flow of milk and improved condition of the cows. Green oats, millet, cliver, barley or any of tha rapid growing grasses wi'l answer the purpose, but corn, a lartro BUgir i.irie-y, is best. If more is s wn than is needed for summer use, it makes an excellent food for winter when carefully dried and cured and kept dry. The cows always eat it with great relish. In winter the beat frod for cows is good, sweet clover or millet tint has bet n cut and cured before' becoming too ripe, combined with a liberal.supply of corn or linseed meal, and bran, about equal quantities as to weight, with roots fed generously at least once a day. The best are carrots, beets, or one of the many variet es of mangold wurtzels. The last named is esteemed highest, as it is more easily cultivated and produces very largely and keeps through tho winter well. Turnips and cabbages are not suitable for food for dairy cows, as an unpleasant taste and smell on the milk and butter follow thtir use. A ration of light corn fodder once a day is greatly enj iycd by the cows, though they may be well fed upon richtr and more nutri tious food. A variety and change of food is essential to prod tide the besVresults, both as contributing to the general health of the animal and as a means of stimulating the digestive organs, and thui iucreasing the secretion of milk. Hay, fodder acd other long feed should always be run through the cutting box. A ereat waste arises from fecdintr it any other way. A mixture of cut hay well ministered in connection with more concentrated food, as corn meal and bran, is especially beneficial, thus uniting the larger quantities of coarser and less nutritious with the richer food, and the complete assimilations of the whole may be better secured. The volume or bulk of the food contributes to the healtiy activity of the digestive organ, by exercising a stimulating effect on tho nerves which govern them. Thus the whole organization of ruminating animals necessitates the supply of bulky food to keep them in good condition. Feed sweet and nutritious food regularly and change it often, and the results may confidently be expected. It is a source of great economy to cut all hay, straw aud fodder fed to cows, even thojgh there be no mixture of meal or bran with it. They will eat up very closely much that would otherwise be left and wasted if fed long. Dry corn stalks, that to many farmers leave neglected on the ground where they grow to become a nuisanco when preparing lor the following crop, if cut at the proper time 'and after curing stacked and kept dry. cut and crushed with a suitable machine, fed to the stock in winter, would become a source of great profit ,Pure, clean water should at all times be accessible to the dairy cow, and is as essential for health and profit as feed, and without both of good quality and liberal quantities, the best results will not be ob tained. The storing of ensilage is attracting a great deal of attention, and it is stated by those who have adopted the system to entirely fill a long felt want, and that the green crops of summer are so perfectly preserved in their general characteristics and nature as to possess about as much value as when first put into the air tight pit or silo, and that the peculiarities of the milk and butter produced from tbii kind of food partake very clearly of that made in summer from the growing crop, besides stim nUting a Urge fiow of milk. I have no per onal expjrienci in this direction, but all re Porte that I have heard about the feeding of ensilage are of the most favorable and enthu "astio character. Nearly all animals are ex tremely fond of it and eat it with good relish, the system which was first adopted in France ?y 11. Goflirt, is being extensively followed , "risus parts of the country, ai before vv ""ft much success, lo insure ine wt results and to be entirely successful with don 'yrtm ' Ceding requires that it be totv, - 5tt,ir hcur ,nd io qiat'tlea "uited Thi. ,nt' d capacities of each animal. enUili judgment and discrimination, tli.n J0.,'" consume regularly more food timw v?.her- nd eh n!mal should at all heahfcV iMhed with a liberal supply of luy diet, not merely enough to fill up the cons'ant wasto of the system, but enrughnml to spare of a food adapted to 'lie pionuction of n rich quality of milk. Ketp the cows at wa s in good condition should be tho key note of every dairy farmer. It is tho great secret of success, and the difference between success and failure turns upon it. Coivs giv ing milk require more food in proportion ti their siza and weight than any other working stock or f r iwing animals. It is a hard strug gle for a cow- reduced in flesh aud blood to Ml up the wast d sstem with the food that would otherwise have gone to fie secretion of milk, but if she is liberally fed, warmly stabled, and with a good ted, with plenty of pure, fresh water, roots and otten moist lood, and properly treated to a frequent carding, with constant kindness and gentle usage, she is ready at all times to respond abundantly in the production of milk. A good cow treated in tnis wav. under favorable circumstances. cannot fail to be profitable. Thoroughbred Stock Journal. Hogs Their Origin and General Character istics Selem, Or., March 1, 18S3. Editor Willamette Farmer: In my last I promised tj givomyiews about different breeds of sine, origin of Berkshire and mode of raising, selecting and general management. In 1S40, in Illinois, wo had the Woburn, also the Warren county hog, Uliio, and he was a great improvement upon tho Woborn, and a very good hog. Tho first great improvement is claimed for the hog of China, then the black hog from Naples, Italy, and above all -the Siameso hog with a white stripo on the face and tip of tail and fret. Essex is considered to be tho oldest es tablished breed. White Chester, raised in Chester county, Pennsylvania, is, by many, held in high repute. Poland China is to-day the popular breed, and held in high esteem. The Berkshire, fi'ty yean ago, was a Urge spotted hog, black and white, sandy and red, many weighing one thousand pounds. We are told the first cross was an Essex, next a hog from Naples, Italy, a black hog, light made, fine bone and head mouse shaped; and occasionally a pig comes of that typo, and some como with full Essex points. The next and most important cross is the little black hog of.Siam, with his white points. I prefer the Berkshire because he has the most lean meat, weighs well for his looks, has a very thin skin, and his meat is fine grained and of food flavor, and, if well fed, is a quiet hog, aud one of the best grass hogs extaut. Ches ter White possesses less lean meat than any other breed, and is a poor grass hog, lies around his pen for his feed, and there is no trace at all of his origin. Essex is said to be the oldest improved hog. I gave them a good trial, but found them slow growers. I bred the boar imported here by the late Joseph Holman to some very fiue sjws, and those pigs ran with others of my own stock, but did not do nearly as well. I also had some full bloods, but I did not consider them a profitable hog. There has bjen more discussion about Poland Chinas than about any other hog, and they have been bred more extensively than any others, and it is hard to tell how they were bied; and is thought that the name was given by those claiming to establish them. Mageo wanted them named after him, and I believe the name was given by the Illinois Hog Con vention, held in Coicago. It is not denied that they have a combination of blood, such as the Berkshire, the big China, the Ru sian hog and others, and their breeding gives evi dence of it, and by selecting according to dif ferent fancies a number of distinct breeds can in time be established from them; and it is very observable that they are fast taking the type of the Berkshire, the color being the fac simile, but retaining the lop ear and coarse hair; they are my next choice; I htve seen some good ones The herd of J. A. Country man, of Kochelle, Illinois, is the best herd I ever saw, not excepting my fancy Berkshire, but I must see them dressed aLd test their quality in that way. But this herd of about 300 head is made to my mind, only the hair is a little coarse, and the ears lop too much, but these in time can be set up. Mr. Countryman has only been breeding twelve years, and he has excelled all old breeders. As a proof of this, at the last Chicago Fat Stock Show he took every premium tut one, a second prize; aUo 'the rjrize given by Marshall, Field & Co. of 8125 for the five best hogs on tho ground of any breed; also, he has taken the special prize given by the Chicago Stock Journal Company, for the best ten fat hogs on the ground, winning this three years in suc cession. No man has ever won so many hon ors. Now I ask, how has he accompli htd this ? By good selection and proper manage ment and possessing a very superior judg nient; and I have taken a little credit in selecting from this herd. They show more uniformity, a striking family resembance, and possess a very superior ham. Mr. Country man evidently had in his mind what a hog ought to be, having the most profitable points in view, and using care in only selecting such as he d sired; and probably he would not find more than one in fifty up to the full stand ard. I selected from alwut fifty sows, and he said I had chosen his choicest pig, and she was not for sale. Then I took a second choice; this proves his mind and mine ran on the sime kind of a hog. Now I think the Poland a dangerous kind of a hog for an in experienced person to handle, as he is moBt likely to select the largest and coarsest, tak ing for his motto, a hog is a hog, and the coarser he is the more he weighs, and thinks if he has to buy shoddy goods he might as well sell shoddy pork. . I have been much pleased with the remarks from the pen of Hon R. C. Geer upon but ter, bacon, wool, etc., nothing being bought upon its merits; and to-day many are buying fine stock from unprincipled breeders in order to save a few dollars. Peter Ssxe made more money than all the breeders in Oregon, and sold at higher prices than any one living here could, and to ray certain knowledge sold grades as pure and pedigreed them. I had his own admisson to that. Parties in Linn county paid him big prices and got fine pedi grees as descending from prize winners, which proved to be bogus. One honorable breeder sold Saxe a Jersey bull for one hun dred dollars, without pedigree. Saxe gave him a good pedigree and sold him for five hundred. . . The question now comes up, which is the btst farmer's hog! and I have no doubt that many would like my opinion. I believes cross of Poland and Berkshire is much to be Preferred. I think the Berkshire needs an infusion of new blood, and as the Berkshire are the best mothers, i wouiu urceu u.auu I boar upon a Berkshire sow. The hisex will not mil. l nave nu umc ; .u.w.v. ,.., from choice sows and an hssex boar, showing scrubby appearance and poor feeders. But, according to an article 1 saw in the Sa'em ST-, from G. W. Hunt .one few weeks azo, there is a new breed of Kssex. with laws so constructed that they answer I the purpose of a pair of burrs, as they gnnu WILLAMETTE FARMER: PORTLAND, OREGON, MARCH their feed much finer, and lie siys they aro a grain and grass hoir. I wonder if they arc not like the Dutchman's horse tlist was very fat upon s raw, and ho emphasized it was only half thrashed. It is so, probably, with Mr, Hunt's Esex, the inrio crnin the better; I would not wonder. Now, Mr. Editor, there is much talk of a litter of Essex pigs exhib ited at our late State Fair as under nine weeks old, as Mr. Hunt's neighbors say they were much older, and competent judges pro nounced them over threo months. I mention this to give Mr. Hunt a chance to explain, and others will be ctlled upon soon ts explain certain entiees at the State Fair in due time. Thomas Cross. In-and-in Breeding. An old Bhepherd who 'read an article that lately appeared in the Wool Grower, in which we said that tho danger from what is known as "in-and-in breeding is much over-estimated, writes as follows: ''Not only are you right in saying that the danger is exaggerated, but you might have gone further and have said that even if there weie more chances of kin breeding to kin, flockmasters; would not have any special cause for complaint. Little as most of them seem to think it, it is never theless true that by a regular course of sys tematic breeding of kin to kin our best sheep have been secured. Iudeed, 1 very much douVt if in any other way can distinct types or breeds (so to speak) be established. I have, in the course of my breeding, had to breed stock of the same family together in order that I might correct an inclination to untrue breeding in certain 'points. I doa't Unow what the books say on this point, but my ex perience leads me to determine that the much dreaded "in-and-in breeding, as it is called, is rather to be commended, to some extent, than to be condemns d, I can easily Beo how it might be carried too far, but there is not much chance for such results in our system of breeding sheep by flocks. I can understtml that all animals have their weak points, and I believe the rule will hold good generally that the animals which are specially strong in cci tain good points aro very apt to bo specially weak in certain bad points. Naturally, there fore, by breeding kin to kin, or by breeding animals that have a vigorous development in a certain good direction, you may strengthen the disposition to breed true iu these good points, but you run tho risk, also, in strength ening the disposition to breed true in tho bad points. Hence the danger, (and here lies the danger, in my opinion) of continuous in-aud-in breeding; a danger, by the way, which must be met to secure the best results. The trouble is not in breeding kin to kin, in the abstract, but it la t j know when to stop. I think, though, that the averago Texan shep herd need not bo alarmed on this subject, for, as you have already shown, the chances for a sire breeding to his offspring, or of a brother breeding to a full sister, or even of a brother or sister ot the nan uiooa inter-Dreeuing in flocks numbering up into the hundreds, are too small to be worth gravely considering." For the benefit of Mr. Howard, who says he don't know what the books say, we will give him the opinion, on this subject of Mr. Kaadall, which he will notice is, in a measure, confirmatory of his views. We will also, in this connection, say to our readers generally that the subject discussed by Mr. Howard, while of little practical value to those flock masters who breed their ewes in flocks and by flocks, is nevertheless of value to those who aro now breeding or contemplate Dreeaing line sheep in small numbers. Says Mr. Randall in his work entit'ed "Fine Wool Sheep Husbandry:" "The re sult of my experience and investigation is em bodied in the conclusion that, to attain very eminent success I would piefer to breed from a single family having within it all the elementt of improvement, if it could be done without breeding in and-in too closely. And some persons are quite too easily frightened on the latter Bubject. What can bo made an evil by being carried too far has, by much talking and writing on the subject, been made an indis criminate bug bear at every stage of its progress. It is by no means true that it is either unsafe or improper to inter breed ani mals of any degree of relationship. If it is, what has saved the Spanish cabanoa for ages? Or, to to take a specific instance (where there is no latitude for conjecturing impossihilties), what has kept up, nay increased the i. i and vigor and improved the form ot Fvrdiuand and Louis Fischer's flock for fifty years, when that flock started with a hundred t wes of one family and four rams of another family? And these families have since been interbred without the admixture of a drop of fresh blood. Mr. Atwood's sheep present a still stronger example. Acccordmg to his state ments, his entire flock, now scattered by colo nization in nearly all the stages of the Union, originated from one ewe, and neither she nor any of her descendant in his hands was interbred with other sheep not descended ex clusively from Col. Humphrey's flocks." Mr. Randall here gives a number of instances where breeding in and-in have not only proved not injurious but beneficial, and then, by way of summing up, he says: '"In terbre?ding between near relatives becomes fatal to physical impsrfection; but the drift of testimony goes to show that it is inocous to periection. 1 uo nor recomirenu it ycr ae, lur who shall decide what perfection is? There comes a time generally when close in-and-in breeding between the artificial tjifcies which have been partly moulded tj nan produces Iobs of vigor and degeneracy, and sometimes this fatal overthrow is but one step away from the pinnacle of apparent success. But I would quite as sedulously abstain from run ning round from family to family and indi v.dual to individual to obtain a perpetual recurrence of disturbing and unnecessary crosses." On the whole, we believe that where a ram, for instance, develops in a marked degree a particular excellency, and no very marked defects, he can be safely bred to his own get even for one or more generations, and that the tendency of this breeding where the ewes are also exempt from strikingly bad points re ferred to we know of no better way to secure the nsjlts desired. Of course where there are bad points in the family they, too, will be perpetuated, but when such prints begin to develop themselves, then is a good time to shut down on the in. and-in breeding. Texa Wool Growtr, Value ot "Improved" Live Stock. The live stock of civilized man includes all domesticated animals quarupeds, fish and fowl. Eicep'.ing the dog, cat, etc., they are n.d for flesh, clothing, and motive power. To speak of the value of improved stock is simply to say, in other words, that some animals are more valuable than others of the same genus, spscies or family. This superior value is jounu iu n iw.,.wm. . ...- if : .l In .l.litinn imrirnvement mil; aivitiuui, Kin, - .r------- - -- j be made upon them by selection, food, shelter and judicious oreeumg, n .iuic e.,....o will illustrate my meaning. IU we wish to produce beef? Then we must select the brei d that takes en flesh and fat of the best quality, in the shortest time; and then, following the laws of health, we must use ceuerous feed and shelter. In breeding, however, the tasto for the bcautilul is not to he ignored, and nenco form, size and color assume importance. HltST (JUALITlFS OK MEAT ANIMALS, The first quality of animals bred for food is great assimilating power tho capability of converting food into flesh more rapidly thau other breeds. Tims the Short-horn breeders contend that a given quantity 'f food will make more beef in that animal than in any other of the cow-kind. Another hrst-rate duality is early maturity; for, as a greit portion of all the food of animals goes to keep up tho vital heat and tho wasting tissues of tho body, it is important that the animal should develop its whole capacity of flesh pro duction in as short a time us possible. Sj tho Short-horn, which takison 2,000 pounds of flesh in three years, is a great improvement upon the scrub which tikes five years to ma ture and reach the same weight. The gain by tho Improved stock is the total expenditure i f food thus saved for two years in in dntaiuing hetf and the tisucs. as well as tho making of more flesh for a given sum of feed. Another of the first quality is that the animals to be eaten ehouli takn on tat most where fat is most valuable. Thus tho rumps and tender loins aro more valuablo than the shoulders and necks; and the rounds aro preferable to the fore-legs. Other prime qualities are health aud vigor, ability to resist cold and heat and diseases. Minor qualities are size, form and co'or, which are to be judged in sulordination to the highest qualities. TH0RCOHBREDS. As a general law, running through all aui mal life, "like begets like;" and yet thtro is another law of nature which admits of "sport ing" or variety; otherwise there could bo no improvement, but all the races would main tain the one dead level of their original tvii-' It is not neccsary here to discuss tho subject whether all the sp, cies came of the original cenus. or all ot tile (amines ot the same species. It is sufficient for our purposo to claim that certain types, gojd or bad, are more apt to be reproduced from maintaining the blood ot those types unmixed with other types; in other words, pure or thorougnurcils, The long experience of the most sagacious breeders is oppns'd to mixed bloods as the means of improvement, because tho progeny of the two or more types used tend always to back to the original types. SrORTI.NO IN WILD LI1E is very rare, and the return to tho original type is almost sure; now and then you may Mad a white crow; but the return to tho black is certain. Under man's manipulation, when tho Burroundines are continually chanced sporting or variation is very common; but I imagine that climate, food and shelter being the same, but little is the chanco of new hxed tvnes. It is frequently said, and I have said so, that tho Short-horns manipulated by the Collins and Bates were a mixed breed; but of this we have no certain proof. On the con trary, there aro proofs of the Short-horn, existing long before their day; and whether Hie original type was luouuuai nim biiu xuivii cattle and improved by them, or whother those crosses, on e mixed with the Short-horns were bred out and the oneiunl type restored, is not susceptible of proof; but it has a pre ponderance of testimony and reasoning in its favor. IMPROVEMENT UPON ORIGINAL TVPE-". It is safest, then, to select the types best suited for the climate and food and ends desired, and then by the selection of the best of any type to advance it. Thus beef may be improved in quality and quantity, anu wool and milk also advanced by proper selection, food and shelter. I conclude by saying that "improved stock" is a reality, and shall deter further discussing to a future article. 11 u ml New Yorker. Breeding the Trotter. The perfection to which trotting horses have been brought is doubtless owing to tho care which has been given to their breeding; to a much greater proficiency in training; to better made and prepared tracks, and tolighter vehicles. That the skillful conjunction of trotting families has been tho most potent ele ment will be conceded, and tho endeavor to intuse a new blood without losing tho requi site action has given more stamina and capac ity to keep up a high rate of speed over a dis tance. The improvement of the trotting horse has been somewhat similar to that of raco horse. One animal demonstrateil his su periority over a majority, and owing to fortu nate circumstances the Cioldolphiau Barb at once rose in high repute. Before his era the breeders of raco horses n England had learned that the surest way to produce win ners was to breed from winning blood, and, as high form usually accompinied first-class per formances, good development and speed wore oombtned in the offspring. The frame of a horse may be likened to tho machinery of a steam engine, Tho muscles, heait and lut'gs aro the power. Still an inferior shaped horae, with the aid of an immense muscular develop ment may be the victor in fields of his superiors; but that winner that is of faulty formation fails in tho stud, a'id when his procreative qualities ara tested his colts are inheritors of the form which is indispensa ble to speed without the muscular force of the Sarent, and he is uriven into less exacting utics. Messenger ranks in the trotting annals with the famous Barb in Euglish racing and Sir Archy on the American turf. 1 hough trotting sneed in his time was indeed not very highly valued, yet his sons and grandsons were the champions of their time, and as the sport ro (Tressed it was fouud that the descendants of Messenger still retained the supremacy established in the early histury of the track. The thoroughbred son of Messenger, Mam. brino, has been the most successful in perpet uatinx the capacity to trot fast. Ha was ths grandsire of Mambrino Chief and Ryad)k's liambletonian and the sire of Abdallah. The blood of Messenger is found in the Clays and the Bashaws, and there are very few of the really good performers which do not show more or less of the blood, J'hda Itecord. Split Hoofs In Horses. Oaklanh, Or., March 3, 16S3. Editor Willamette Farmer s If Mr. Niemackle will take a knife and cut an incision about an inch long and oie-eighth of an in:h deep, just above where the point of the split is visible, all trouble will be over as soon as the cut prows off. 1 am well pleased with your paper. The wheat is mostly all killed in Douglas county, especially the club; white wheat all right; oats and barley dead. Yours truly, A. T. Bhl'.n.vkr. Hew To Dry Cows 7 Wakiiocual, W. T,, Marsh 7, 1SS3. Editor Willamitte Farmer i What is the best and quickest way to dry a cow giving a full flow of milk, without dan ger to the animal. r, iv. i. Hi 18S3. lO&l o tl C )ir i. reentiouit riant. Shnl. tlotts. ltutb. MpiMfij vtnti. lnciuumif x.i kuun oi uio iVoirrronl yfablt fELnS. Api'l: rear. num. frarn. rit. f to, andallollicrlllfiTS. SI.VTV CT 1Kb I QfKo.cyWFl3laJWfrJW 1 altlaM,t.atol at rtwer ShU. 40 Strrft (Ji'nf, eta. to&h7QM?27 N I v('vS6 FORANVSEVEN SCTSWSrSaS r- HnnilrtsI" or ctlif r IWnmoheap; many new and ;-liil!2liSI JS"!" '(YeStttxtF THE STORRS & HARRISON CO. iiialgSIK cc T acx.,"u .ffTTTTTTTlllllll WAill il 1 I Plilfflffi. arc fall, rrgnilap aire a wit -ri a. - sit. iii..ih.iI..a. T lio alto to so LSk nr K tnllsktlnna f ntTiMsivetaui MOTH IIITK KUIII'KIHK is -.. in -. i. i.ii in.. iXS: JL . .. .1 I .-n,l .1... ...l.tl.llJ rllLCll...l Of ItS THklln AI.NOMOMCMS teilIM IIIUIWMI! rUnlV I ltauml I'urnk. Fee IMm, c.tHcl, uoreml. crrnohtrc. Ilounil tllowliHT Onlo".3.f lh"b?.l ..wTtnb.tJpc5m'lt C.-.r djll.lju. ,.lr.j ,r.JJ lllsij. I ..r. IHm lit Hill' llnor -'rrt. mnolh nl huulaomc HpMikh Mon.troii" l'ipprr. new. lug., t.bl. or rl.kHn. ' ItouSj Bark ltd IIo.ll.i. i ml,, In., rel "'' 'p.b '"''"""J-, Jf, a White Hal. ifr. .mll'-i.u.TCKrt.t.u.. Ww MujflowirTomiiti,crlT, .itiHlli,l rlelilrca. inc ''"i" "P11; w 'law : aim. nnatifiii inii iirifai urns nil pn . ......... LOO. .nlltl .imtlnn Will gl.n imi'. .n.-.r. i ......vr '"' "; , I - Vl..- !.. f . Il..n llnlln. br.ldljold.ll lrln Vh..ut.!!l L nnrLnir. -. A wmpUlj .pt Mot. !" ft' '' 'l 1 . " nmr.iNnTriHS .""'',:'. ;",w7v;sis .,;..,. ...-.., , ,lro..nap.rll,c.c.1,l.n,r.-n:.qu.nu.i. Y.riCliei. wo.rt, UIIIUMiniVIIW l""!""".. .. ft77S.OO .?nXA.'" I tlKawaTtrjour ftuiid.MSilthiml.iu(lllijou FLOWER SEEDS! lent, with full directions for r i itiiiFi.ii"M iji'.ii ' I I'hlnr. Vi.rbrnn.Nrw tic, with lull dlrrtuoiii for ruiiurr, iot ""J . . '" raiieB, the onlj comnifin vniaiocue piiuimnni, r..i.n .... -., ..... -,,,""-- t-( I. ?. . .. . '. ..-? ik...i i u.,k vn p.mHrc Xn. Iitiniirtant uviltlfft OT rial JlCTIl :nlhi. Small Ira Dill, 11IUUUUU V t'W l'lin. -".. . IV ATI EC HliUUbl. Af. I.ll- ' ... mm IT. Hibbb wyiii -- ww- Eastern Cranberry Vines rou s.i.i: Fiioii A. J. BURT'S BOG, Olympla, V. T. I.OflO lnr, ft.ouu lliim, . 10,0110 II lira. .1 T.OO ::ooo so 00 Send m wy hy ItpjrWrcil letter. Money Order or Wei's, r'argo 4 Co's , with dlrcttlona for lorwsrdinir. In 1877, 1 planted thrco Ml feet ticdi ol tho Jersey cranlicm lines. I jilnntcd tliem IS lm lies spirt, eaen j : sanded one bed six Indies deep, one tliree inches, and another I planted on the natural unit. Tho sanded beds Ichlid hut a few berries an aro dilwrout In 1880 I mthcrcd from the natural hod to lanresuirar harrela ful! ol herrles, and only one barrtl frra I oth the sand d ones. Miltk or Teat land thatoterflos until al c lithe Drat of May la tho bet for the Cranh rry. Ki ,1 tho atcr on the vines until tho late frot are ovtr, and jou lll hive a good irop Plant by dropping tho lines 2 feet by 0 Inche", and forclnu Intotlie muck with a forked stick or wedire shaiied dlbblo. Hoe out tho nerd, the first year; pull them out by hand the second, and tho third year thij will take care of t cinsclves. A. J. BURR. Olimpla, Thurston Co., W. T. octlln3 C. N. POTTER, NURSERYMAN, SALKM. OK. Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees, Shrubbery. Vines Etc. raJIas an especially fine lot oflM PLUM and PRUNE TREES, OK TUB VERY BEST VARIETY. AuMress C. N. I'OTTEIl, Novl2tt Salem, Oregon. GEO. F. SILVESTER, IMI'OlirKR ANU' Wholesale A Itctuil Iscaler in ! Fruit and Evergreen Seeds, Plants, Etc., Alfalfa, ntss ami Clover Seed, In lare iUautltles, ami offered in lots lo purchisers. IIEIX1K 8IIKAIW, I'UUNINO and HUIiIiINU KNIVES, (1HKKN HOUSE HYINOKS, ETC. SEED WAREHOUSE: NO. 817 WASIIINtnoN BT BAN FIlANflSW. feblinS REMOVAL THE OREGOfilEED DEPOT We hre fornul twn 1 It nwwiury to secure lwr quarttra to .u.cMDmoate our continually I( KKASIXJ HISI.MIKS. Bo we bate Itaif I one of those fine new stores on Beccnd .trett, oorner of Kolinon, where we will ke plea.ed to meet all of our old and new tu.tomirs Hew Heed, now arrlilnil. Krntl lr mIj loicar Ju.l oul, Heist tUt.f. on Appllrnllou. j.cij UII.LEK HKU3. EVERGREEN MILLET, ( ill, J0llNhos aiuSH,) MIILKK IIKItn.. CAN BLII'I.V ANV ANI) II demands AIM 14'ents lor ll. 'tlthrated UONARC1I ilE'.linC. Usbit WtrajM,, to.jJiw.txaj uj jm Mr tCKclnble iiml I lower fei1 Intnlogiie for lhS will te tcnl I ktlB to all who apiV luMomcrsof liit ifMcm need not m fir It. All kenl Bent from my eUb.Uhiiientwrr intcl to l both fnsh ami truct name, to fat, that liuuKl it itotc otlicrwisL. 1 Sirre. to tfill tin order (iriiii. My collection of lettable seedis one of i nit mum extensile iu ixj luunu in any American catalogue, nd a larcepirt of It it of my own erowinp A thp original I'ttroducor of 1 nrly Ol.ln nnllturbunk 1'olHtocn, MnrMrhrAil Tnrly Corn, Die Ilnbbnrd Sqtsttfth, Mnriilrhrnil Ctitibnsrr, J'hlnncy Melon, mi a ore of nther new exit's' its I Initte the j ttron Be of the public lrt the pirdcni anion the farms of tfioe lin (stint my teed will be found rn) le.t Advertise tncnt. James J. II. Creszorv. Mirt.lehe.vi. Mais. r? t ri t rsiisiliiiti,iti i . .1 i'rr. MJitutilijuiltitalvittitvfuuuMt iuig,j . TtltfnniOUB itfferllylrUI 'ear, 8 1 150 MMlli LtCvnta l'r r Jt Champion QKKl'9&ytnnce.'?fi IT.. ! Japnnta rhloxt!&riT7i.ivnrtchtt. r. fruit lm n n iffiiiiinsB'lfr nirnirlr l-mro, Bwut. Tft llant'i CiUalvattWSSiW UUtHswmii Jt 13 Vhrvmihmnmr.toA&&2berry,ilLTmuiQ Ivor.ltlnsiiiiltiirWllsl.SrKKlsOirfrr.II'iC. Hct RURPEE'SSEEDSAREWAR- mm raiilisl tlcatwlsiaa Iu f, rv rr snort ! Kqual Nomi llrttcr. To Induce thousands of iiaw H cuatomr-ri lu sire thcin a fair trial wo will icud for 60 cti. one racktt eaih of the following new and J ckolor.t Varlrtlmi Tho CUBAN JtRKN melons (rrin from our 8ol .last scanon, weight d re lSrAHll I'KIZi: fr IHH8, for the tiro largest , mi hull raised from our i-coulnt Herd. Montreal ' Urtxnnt me Melon, largest n record, oue mel on weighing tt&Tbft. the Tat scaon, and of luscious I In on 0 oiur UU aS VACIl mr inrrr laririi Montrf all grown litis tramn New 'o U Cabbac i very earlv, a sure header of Hne quality. Cllani VT 111 IV ii mi usi iiniuis( RiuKit iv "iiiu i v s !. i each mil 1 aod ilraant. We will pay f tt CAH1I M I'liJZI-.N for lamest ottnesc Unions. UUHs'J-.lVB rLlH AX TOM TOF8. the best of all Tomato. ttrtainly thtcttmaxvf) rrftrtion. .New I'rrpelaal kUf 1UP1 Ulirii st 1 1 nil- iui a in hi usi-, out mvm tug j will do for whole season. Jnnanrao NtF W licet, tamest, im. -"': -:::"",- ",--"-.. ns. .. m1 paritri" rir"w i Wotlllir.dlbo entire collection br mall pom inld.M any dlrca. for i inn. rrmi tt i niirrri. sa nnii if i bi art COKN, uJ iuple or the injirhil MT uc.. ".. "J .- "- ,-- ,: -,,. .,. A - "...:.:....:.; - ... .:-.!. ..Mltlhrpff,,lr,i.toraer. 3 'imi,Iot. lullu Uilloclkni. ra.noa lot t.. a Nunll.mi r. dr. (U.nokil.), nit lirliiitiriil lurlr. m i.i'.i'i lip:. oi.Kirnfe .wi. ,, ...-...., "''",'''.;'"," " 1"i':'.",,V ,.;," ,A ,.,,.. KiiW. - - ...,, ..... - --- - ( iMiit titrfi :'V.itVX mkm.Va .ITtLmJ I'll II. ILL I I'll I " "v'Y-.tj i? J a -"-" ----. -- - . - m tmm a . lmlmmmmmm2mmmnZJmmmmmmmmmmmmmI' THE DINGEE & CONARD COS IlEAUTimi. KVEUaiUIOMLMl ROSES SPLENDID POT PLANTS, speolnlly pre pared for Immediate Bloum. Delivered atel bnuilll'uBtinJd.atiillioHtMlltiii.oiI'ku dld 1 aiictU'M, your choice, all lulxletl, for 1 1 a for 82) IOfnrS3: 20 fir 841 3SforS8; 78 for I0,ioor. 3i3 VJC CIVEullmdeome PrueontnicliolceandvnlUDbletiOSEUlrae wittiuvtiyc,r',er Our HEW CUIDE," tunijUn Trrnltie tin the Itoce, 70 IP. tletjantljf illuttraltilJ rx to all. THE OINOEE & CONARD CO. Ecso Oreweri, West Qrors, Chester Co., Ft. HowWeTesfSeeds. Protably from the fact ttiat cmr Ion,; cKterIcnce at ftactlcal Gardencri, mml us reallit the neceiiily more Uwinjly than inoit seal tlcalera, we very early In our career aj seedimen (naupurate th pratt'ee of teitinii tli irmU before aellinif, Vtoia the liuall c. evun in 1873, uui practke hat citeiuletl and ttciomc hu ivi teinatlzed that the iat teason It retuired the entire uae of one of our lartcekt ifrcenhouaes for our aercl tcli dur lnrtliefdll ami winter, and afterwards (nuprine In the oen Rrouml we had act out many thouaand ptants, rrt reneniiiis the stock In vegetable seeds alone of over growers. All these irt are carried nn under the tier lonal supervision of PI. U R HlNKIiRSON, anj as the auUioriiUardeiilnKrurIrontMhashadasluntaiul as varied an emeriti iila at moat nmn In niMiimni n. nected with the soil. It will l seen that we are placed in a position to Judi; e, not only u to the (ferrainatitii: pre p. ertles. but what is of far more Importance, the purity of and the kinds of seeds best suited for all gardening purines. If therefore you can buy seeds as cheaply from us, and we think It you will coinitare prices you will find that you canIt will certainly be to your inter et t do so. Our CTsitaloajue for i&hof Kvery thins for the tiiirtlvii Is now ready, and will be suaflcd free on application. PETER HENDERSON & CO., 3J&37 Cortlandt St., New York. TANGENT NURSERY. II. W, Sftttloiiiiro, Proprietor. Hlnrlfil IH.17. 30 learn 11 .NiirMI'jliiRU. AM, HOIITH OK l'lllll, OU.VAMI.M'AI. mill Mil A lit Trees, Vines and Shrubbery. tF Stud to Tin iiut, Oteyrm, for rIco lUt ami ilci tridlvu tutulcixitc. iludMl y- CHEAPEST""" LANTS SEEDS! mn nnn thrifty plants fUUvUUU FOR SALE. lawKlwl, (iunhar'anlullin ) Alllul.lml. Won II Ifllarve ilnViEVER-DLOOMINQ ROSE8roR$ lainwi.liowi-SillUAMl'.IIHf. rMI. I g ,' lli:i. Ill'I'lllil'O. Ml. 1-' liuiiU.mu I I (II- HlAH. HI. 12 cinialimuUl OI.I'.IIH, Ml, ami :":.'..!:. .....,.. ..11 ... n .U.,U ..,, ,.r n luauy Mfyrtt Nturlyallof our c-ilittlnii i ri Hewlii illinliliirn, an Qrnii, l.nilli'' Tollc-l fiiaCD. and a l.rirti uuliilTr d Win r viiIiihIiIk nmrm,)hstti orders i Our Kill nlldlrTllii.tnitMl HI kui; .1'aUUwili', enn blnlliK our In a u Uh tlmi nf 11ant and Hmb, andiiiirlvii ili-tl iirrmlu I'ltl'.i: to all. K-ry. onnw. Inif till, ulll ilnilaiojiy ti'iy liilrrrMlsm. lr-hi:MI I'Olt IT. .1linlli.il lliln 1'iipir. LEE08 & CO. Vn'T.'V.o'Nr.'.'fi'.fr;,: MCronva-2ti-7ro Ibnill Ofla' W&2& SUED ksrsav ibPbssJJ r'aw NNVAL tfOPt 883.iiZ I aT.Kie Lnaul aiitsliULiibs. xiiil Utuion ot iwt yer without ordfrtDtf it Itcontaine alxjut 176 j ik wt, on Illiutratlon. jtIkw, no. u rati dMcrii-tioiia aud valmblu d) ruction a fur UitttiiK iww varifii'-w uj tveuiwu aw rm-nir ntuw. Haute, r rult Trufji, tic. lualua)4 to ill, twi-ot-Tally to Marka flanUtjent. Heudforltl D. M. FERRY & CO. DETnoiT Mich. BEST MARKET PEAR l'rATll,-l.l'M,IT.Ajl, Ari'l.t. t I V4 t at ml -illu,str.iiai lUUsssili CTDiiiioroDirc1''" ttd j 1 nunoLnnitO"" , 'r MMM). ltaji It-Tticw.liUck. It rnrt, Oiirrwila, t w.ru(-f rta4. I ut t rok imett. tnl furtHutiJ4 J. K till I.l.NsMtMtmluHH.Ii. J USE ItOSE PILLS. IHI eprrii viirM-iMs tt'JIlll IN I'llVH VWVO fur,l,IIII OHIIKIIK, IjMMeaiiiiiUHCiMUBrtltkts urr In HriiMV Um l.iH ,"t lii4fci .....i...f..W., Ii.iss UnrLk. Illilil'iia i Olil ! ' s iiimi ' 1 "t - -" I- - . . - UlV mflw IjffJgi will IjoiuaUo? iu tu X lifl !1