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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 19, 1883)
-WILLAMETTE PARMER: PORTLAND, -OREGON, JANUARY. 19, 1888. (Continued from Second pate.) .WESTERN jVAfjUINOTOS. Western Washington Territory had little or no open country, but with few exceptions was forest region Along the river bottoms are thickots of vine map!e, ash, alder and willow; on the uplands oak sometimes grows, but usually' fir, spruce anl cedar. Alone the Columbia' arc some rich- bottoms. The Cow ;iiti h'a'san extensive valley. AH the region from the Cascade Mountains to the sea and northward from the Columbia to l'uget Sound possesses much the same character. The up lands are fir forests and the bottoms tangled thickets. When cleared they make the rich est meadows and urain fields. The greater portion of this region of a hundred miles square is vacant. The Pacific Division of the Northern Pacific Railroad passes through it, from Knlama, en the Columbia, forty miles below Portland, t J Tacomarn Puget Sound, 105 miles, and is dotted with villages. The country presents a ruggul sppearance, but has good soil. In a few years, when immigra tion shall have rilled up the open wheat land East of the Mountains, this timbered region will be appreciated. It can be cleared as the forests of the New Kncland and Middle States have been cleared. When cleared these lands will have especial value from nearness to mar ket and mild climate. In time these western regions ot the North Pacific will be tho most valuable on these accounts ; meantime, they are partially neglected. They attract con tinual immiaration and witness constant im provement, but the great rush of new comers is towards tho open country that waits only for the plow to stir the soil to produce pro digious crops of wheat. To give some idea of Western Washington wo call attention to the Chehalis Valley, that lies between the N. P. R. R. and Gray1 Har bor. It was once so say geologists a sound covered by the ocean. Evidence exists that the whole' coast has risen f rem the sea. The Chehalis bottom has CO or 70 townships 1,500,000 acres of richest soil, covered with vine maple thickets and heavy forests, but of inexhaustible fertility when cleared. That is but one section of many. There are settle; ments all through that region, but not one man lives where there should Iso ttn. l'UllKT SOUND COBNTKV, Pugtt Sound is the moat remarkable water in the world. It is surrounded by continuous forests that reach back to tho summits of the Cascade and Olympic ranges. The streams that come down from the mountains on every side have fertile valleys. Some of them are already occupied and well cultivateJ. Puyf allup and Wnite river and their affluents are well settled, but there is abundant room for settlers on the Snrciualm'ic, Snohomish, Sqtiak, Skagit and Nootsack, as well as on a valley in Whatcom county where Fraser's river once flowed. Take the Sound margin, towards the Cascades, and thousands can find homes on rich valley land. It was onco bclieted the land around the Sound was worthless, that its forests stood on rock without soil, but timo has demon strated this as only true of a small extent of country near the Sound, and that all the up land between tho streams' and extending to the mountains is rich, deep soil that will pro duce anything that can grow in that climate. Such is the Sound country In brief ; covered with forests that the or!d needs and will soon furnish a market for, and possessing, deep down, exhaustless supplies of coal the world also needs. Betides these it has lime and iron ore, and so possesses in boundless supply elements of wealth such as established the creatness and supremacy of Great Britain, andjbave made New York and Pennsylvania what they are. There is every evidence that petroleum will soon be found in paying quan titv. In addition to all this, the ocean and Sound waters teem with valuable fish. Take all the resources of the Sound country, and the manufacturing interests that are already developing, and it is evident they require and can support heavy agricultural production. This it can have, for its soil can supply it. The resources of that section are not sur cassed bv any country, and exceed those of any other portion of the Pacific States. It is impossible to do more than briefly to allude to them. The great saw mills ana the thou sands of men. working tot-supply them with logs and to run the mills, make a commerce of their own ; the coal mines tributary to Seattle' can 'load a thousand ton ship every day.,, I ' a "P't'i Seattle is a growing and enterprising city 'of. 6,000 inhabitants j Tacoma, the present railroad terminus, has 3,000, and is makintr great progress J Olympia is the State capital, a beautiful place with several thousand peo ple. Port Townsend, near the ocean, is an important point. The immigrat.on towards the Sound country sets in the direction of Whatcom county near the British )iue, a sec tion that possesses unrivaled agricultural ad vantages and is rapidly developing them. Puyallup Vallty, east of Tacoma, is famous for its hop yards. The year 1882 saw half a million dollars go into that little settlement as payment for the' products of a'few hundred acres. The soil.of the Sound country is well adapted to this branch of production and yields large returns. rnonrcTH. All of Western Oregon and Washington has similarity of climate and products. Wheat is the staple of agriculture in the western valleys of Oregon, and oats and hay and potatoes are the chief products of the Sound country. They are also the chief re source of fanner along .the Columbia and the Cowlitz. Wheat does "'better on drier soil, away from salt water. The farmer of the Willamette grows wheat for his chief income; has a flock of sbeep to glean his stnbble and clean his summer-fallow; has some cows and probably some mares; .keeps a few hogs to fatten, and makes garden to answer home demand. He sows oata for his own use and has bis meadow and clover field for hay, and perhaps has some to sell, His garden may yield a surplus, and so may his orchard. Sometimes he has a few acre in hops. Take all things together, and with 330 acres he may, with rood cultivation, have 2,000 to 2,500 bushels ot wheat on 8o acres of summer fallow; his woo), 1,000 pounds, will bring him $250; the increase of hU stock counts for something. He makes one turn and another, supplies his want chiefly from the farm, and sell) from SI, 500 to (3,000 worth off the land, according to his success and management. That it what any man can do who buys a farm in good order and farms it well The well established fsct seems to be that the farmer who makes grass play an important Dart in his husbandry, succeeds best. Hon growing 'is now an established industry in parts of the' Willamette Valley. -.They are also grown extensively in Yakima county, Washington Territory, and succeed well in every locality where they have been planted. Corn can be grown anywhere. It was long considered doubtful, but of late, with the best varieties aod proper care, it is possible to make a fair crop. Apples do well all through the region west of the Cucades; so do.poars. This' region is particularly favorable for growth and per fection in pears; cherries do remarkably well here, and cannot be excelled in any country. Plums and prunes succeed in the best man ner. There is no reason why the fruits of this region should not go to the markets of the civilized world. All small fruits do a well as possible. Grapes are grown, but they ripen late, and some varieties occasionally do not ripen at all; some varieties mold; peaches are excellent where they dowell, but the climate is not favorable for their perfect development, except in Rogue River valley, where prime peaches and grapes are Rrown. That will be a famous region lor fruit whenever the con struction of the railroad shall bring it within reach of the world, which will Tbe accom plished in 1883. HEALTH, All the region West of the Cascades is healthy and gives no occasion for specific dis eases. Of course, it has tho sea air to contend with, and its haviturl moisture may not suit all systems. It is not free from disease, but free from the tendency to encourage disease some countries possess. The climate is so mild that occasional winters experience no hard frosts. The rains come in October, and are sometimes oppressive for a few days at a time. Frequently the winters are delightful, the rains bcinp easy and not stormy, and not lasting continuously. Tho summers are apt to be dry for three or four months, but are not oppressively hot, the nights are cool and pleasant all through the summer. The gen eral health of this portion of the country is certainly good. Tbe 'fall of 18S2 has been a fair.examp!e"of the seasons. Rains came in October to give the farmer chance to sow his summer-fallow. They also revived the pastures, so that st'ck all over the Paciflc Northwest actually fat tened through the fall months. Occasional rains through November, without frosts, kept all nature green, and brought on th tall sown wheat. December was very rainy and even stormy, but there were no frosts in Western Oregon. East of tho mountains tho weather was favorable, and farmers ran their plows all the month. Chriitmas day was like April, and we ate dinner with doors open. On the approach of New Year's, we had a few frosty days when the mercury stood at, early morn ing, 24 degrees above zero, followed by a few inches snow that went off tho next day before south winds and a warm rain. That was our touch of winter. Wo may expect considerable rain and some light frosts until April, but may enjoy excellent weather mucli of the time. The probability is, that farmers can Jrosecute outdoor work most of the time from anuary on until spring, without loss of time. It is a well favored fact that our healthiest season is during the rains of wi Jter. The middle of January finds our Northern Pacific region prosperous in the extreme. The winter is mild and favorable forstcck men and farmers alike. Prospects for the coming year could not be more favorable. Through all this Northwest country every man who has labored, ha reason to expect in the coming season the highest reward for thatlabor. Remainder ot Public Lands. Gen. F. A. Walker, of the Census Bureau, who is pretty well informed on statistical matters, concludes from the data before him, that the remaiu.ng area of public lands avail able for ordinary agriculture i not large, and that most of it will be taken up before the end of another year. It is true, indeed, that a Urge part of the remaining area is of lees value than the best land, and much of it is quite worthless. This side of the Mississippi 1,200,000 square miles are not settled by white men, and of this area 240,000 square miles, embracing much of the best land, are included w-ithin Indian reservations, while much of the remainder consists of mountain ous tracts, lands inaccessible or sterile, and arid regions which cannot be irrigated. Still alter all these lands are deducted, tnere re main vast tracts which will serve for agricul tural purposes, in which are millions of acres of as good lands as can.be found on the conti nent. But undoubtedly the choice locations will soon be getting scarce. We shall, how- aver, have on this coast land enough to ac commodate all who may come for twenty years Or more. It is singular' to observe that each succeeding year we are finding excellent farms in places which had 'always hitherto been re ft irded as worthless for agriculture. No small of the vast expanse known as the "great part American desert" has thus been settled already, and every year witnesses new and extensive encroachment upon it. In the light of experience it is now hard to siy what is desert land and what is not. We get our best crops now from lands which ten years ago no one supposed there would ever be an attempt to cultivate. The Wasco Vigilantes. The Dalles Timet-Mountaineer has the fol lowing concerning the l)nching at I'rinnville, furnished by a correspondent at tbe latter city; For several years the stock raisers of that section and of Beiver creek have com plained bitterly of the frequent raids of horse thieves. During the last two years it has been estimated that nearly 500 bead of horses have been stolen. About two weeks aco a drove of about thirty head was taken from Prineville past Mitchell and turned over to accomplices in the John Day country1. This stealing ha been done by organized bands of thieves whose member are scattered through" out Eastern Oregon. Their mode of opera tions is for the resident thieve to gather up a band of horse, drive them thirty or forty mile and turn them over to confederates, who In their turn would drive them to the next station, and so on, while tbe first would return home and be able to show that they had never left the neighborhood. As they are so well organized and so perfectly acquainted with tbe country, capture and conviction have been almost an utter impossibility. But the stock men, it seems, have organized little by little and hare picked up evidence show Inn who the thieve were. At last a capture of some of the weakeit of tbe band a judicious use of the rope ha brought out a full confes sion a to who the member are. A starch that will make linen look as good s new, Is made of one quart of well boiled corn starch, three ounces of gum arabic, and two ounces of loaf sugar. To clean oilcloth, wash with warm milk. Once in six months scour with hot soapsuds; dry thoroughly and apply a coat of arniih. They will last a long again. Jfatlt. Economy In Feeding Pic. Economy in feeding, as well a all else, Is necessary if we would realize the greatest profit in making pork. More Beth and fat can be extracted Irom food when put into its most digestible form, by cooking, than when fed raw; the assimilation is easy and more perfect and there is very much less waste. Some kinds of food are comparatively valueless when fed taw, but when cooked become excel lent and decidedly fattening. Raw potatoes nay be very good as a regulator, but as a food are poor in fattening qualities. Cooked, they become digestible, the starch in them being put into an assimilable form. Uncooked or raw, it is other ise, and they are among the poorest kinds of food for fattening purposes. Cooking them pays, especially when mixed with ground and cooked grain. The nutritive value of grain is very gTeatly increased by cooking. When fed raw and dry, a consider able portion passes through the stomach with out the least chemical change, and quite a percentage is lost by not being digested. So also if meal is fed uncooked and dry, or mere ly wet with water. Where grain is cheaper than labor and fuel, it may pay best not to cook the grain. Wheth er, therefore, corn should be cooked or fed raw, depends upon circumstances rather than upon any arbitrary rules. The nearer to an assimilable form any kind of grain is put for feeding purposes, the more economically it is fed, so fir as grain, flesh and fat are con cerned. For this reason, grinding and feed ing the meal is better than feeding whole or unground. Pigs and other animals are apt to feed greedily aid not properly masticate grain, and of course it is not all digested. Hunger may be appeased, but fat is not gained. A less quantity put into a condition to be lully digested, would add more to the gain of the auimal. As farmers usually feed pigs, it may be set down as an assured fact that there is a loss of from one-third to one half of the food, unless we reckon the in creased value of the manure, which is an ex pensive way of adding valuo to it. In feeding meal, the miller's toll must be taken into account; also the expense of taking to and from the mill, bo that tho value of the food is relative, and must bo determined by circumstances. As a substitute, under adverse circumstances, soaking the grain in hot water to a condition of softness will save the miller's toll, and make it profitable. But in soaking it reference should be had to weather, cold and clear weather allowing of the longest soaking; hot and bad weather favors early fermenta tion. In the first degroe of fermentation an acid is formed which is most palatable, and healthful for the pigs. B-yond this fermenta tion it is not healthful, and when the vinous condition is reached it is unfit for feeding IK. . White, in Country Gentleman. Jersey Cattle. Jerseys have a weak point in their small de velopment of bone and muscle. The limited area 'of the Channel Islands is too heavily stocked to admit of allowing them to ream over the fields for grazing. They were teth ered out, and prohibited, by such confine ment, from the exercise necessary to develop large, bony frames aud heavy muscles. Mus cular power is not much called for in such a state of confinement; and Nature, declining to waste energy in producing it, builds up only such structures as are adapted to the situa tion. Use determine size and power. Hence the diminutive frames and muscles of this va riety of cattle. Other conditions being equal, small muscles indicate a small quantity of blood and a feeble constitution, with inability to endure hardships and cold. An inspection of Jersey cows betrays at onco to a physiolog iBt, their inferiority in these respects, and their inability to compete in lugged pastures and cold climates with hardier stock, which, like the Devons and our common cattle, have, for long periods, been accustomed to run at larce and "rouah it." under circumstances of ten pretty severe. Imported Jerseys and their immediate descendants must ue snnjwr in mib effects of the habits under whiUi u.i.j and their ancestors have been raised. Timo will change them. Raised in this country, where they have the freedom of the fields for exer cise, they are gradually improving in size, muscular development and hardines. Lincoln Sheep. Tbe Lincoln sheep U comparatively a rare breed in the United States. They are tho largest breed known, under exceptional cir cumstances dressing up to ninety pound per quarter. At two years old they are recorded to have dressed one hundred and sixty pounds. They require good care and succu lent food. They have been introduced in some sections of the West and Canada, and ore re ported as being well liked, but further time is needed to fully establish their complete adaptability to our Western climate. Other lonp-wooled sheep, as the Cotswold and the larger of the Downs, are giving good satiifac fattion, and there seem no good reason why these will not on our flush pastures, with sonio succulent food in winter, do exceed ingly well. In Kncland fourteen pounds of wool aver age has been cleared, as a firtt clip, from a lot of thirty yearling wethers, the same averag ing one hundred and forty pounds each, live weight, at fourteen mouths old. They have been known in the United State since 1835, and their long, lustrous fleeces, measuring nine incbea in length, are the perfection of combing wool. The Lincolns originally were large, coarse, and with ragged, oily fleeces and hard feeders. Tbe improved Lincoln were made by judi cious crosses of Leicester rams, careful selec tion and good feeding, and in England their wool has now a separate class at the fairs. Jfa&rillt Southern Indiutriet, Oats for Pit. Present indications point to a large crop of oats through the Middle and Western States, while the corn crop is likely to he short in all but Nebraska and Kaniai, and a a result oata are likely to bring 12 cent per bushel, while corn will probably stand at fifty cents per bnshel, in which case oat are much the cheaper feed. This is the reasoning of a paper called Farm and n'orkthop. When oat are worth twenty-five cent nd corn fifty cents, one is as cheap as the other to feed two bushels of oats being considered equal to one of corn; so with prospective dilference in prices for tbe season, oats will be the cheaper feed. The beat way to secure the most pro fitable result from oats for hog is to grind and allow them to remain twelve hour in the slop from the house, water or skim .milk of Course the milk is preferable. A good plan is to add a small amount of cake, and, where vegetables can be had, they may also be ued to advantaee. and all the better if boiled. The paper above alluded to ha known young pigs to be raised in mis way mac were very fine. It should certainly be the object of every feeder to study economy in feeding; when one kind of grain is high and another low, to substitute the cheaper kind as far as possible. Rural New Yorker. Distribution ot Wool. About twenty-five per cent, of tho entire production of domestic wool during the census year 1880, came from two States, Ohio and California, the former with 25,000,000 pounds, and the latter with 17,000,000 pounds; in 1870 the product of the former was 20,000,000, and of the latter 11,000,000 pounds. The next States in the orJer of importance as wool crowers in 1SS0 were Michigan, with 12,000,- 000; New i'ork witli 0,000,000;" Pennsylvania with 8,000,000; Missouri with 7,000,000, and Wisconsin with 7,000,000. Tex 8 produces nearly as much as tho latter State; in 1870 it produced only 1,250,000 pounds. The total product of the Union in 18S0 was 155,000,000 pounds, clipped from 35,000,000 sheep. Jisttllaittong, Straw Lumber. There can be no question that straw lumber is admirably adapted to many kinds of finish ing work, barrels, table and counter tops, fine doors and ornamental work; and we are as sured that it can be produced and sold id cam petition with wide walnut at about one-half the price of the latter. The standard manu facture is in widths of thirty two inches, a length of twelve feet, and a thickness corres ponding to that of surfaced boards. These dimensions may be varied to suit such orders as may be given, and embrace any width, length or thickness, Unliko lumber, how ever, narrower widths are tho most costly. The straw lumber may be ripped with the hand saw or the buzz saw; may be run through the sticker for the manufacture of mouldings, and takes a nail or Bcrew about the same as oak. It may be finished with varnish or with paint, and is susceptible of a high polish. It is practically water and fire proof, being man ufactured under 500 degrees of heat, and we are assured has betn boiled for some hours without any apparent chance of structure. Its tensile strength is greater than that of walnut or oak, ami its weight about one fifth greater than tho former when dry. It is made from any kind of straw, including hemp and flax gber in fact, from any material that will make pulp and a ton of straw will pro luce 1,000 feet of boards. The pulp is rolled into thin sheets, a number of which, correspond ing with tho thickness of tho lumber desired, are placed together with a peculiar cement, which is claimed to bo water proof, and arc then rolled under a pressure suflioient to amalgamate them into a solid mass, which may be worked with a piano if desired. When it ia remembered that it takes 100 years to grow a tree to maturity, suiting it to commercial purposes and a treo producing 32-inch lumber will require fully twice that time while 20,000 feet per acre is a large yield under the most favorable circumstances, it will at once bo realized that where 3,000 frp.t can be taken from an acre of urouud for an indefinite number of years, the process whirfi enahlea Buoh a result to be accom plished, and which will yield really valuable lumber, is one cf vast importance. We look for valuable results in the future in the manu facture of lumber from what is practically a waste material, but which will be produced in endless quantities so long as the United States maintains its character as a grain-producing country. Conquering a Mule. "Ben Appleby, of St. Louis, had a mule,' said the stableman, "which was one of the knowingest cusses you ever Saw. I dunno where Ben found him, but one day he came dnvin' home with this mule hitched ter the tail end of his wagon. He was an innocent lookia' animal, plump an' fat, and looked as if he was goin'to be good fer suthin'. Well, the next day after Ben got 'im home ho tried ter hitch 'im up, but he wouldn't bo hitched. He jest everlastin'ly kicked the wagon inter splinters, He kicked one eend outer ther sta ble and kicked ther stall down, and kicked everything in sight. Ben took 'im out in the corn-field one day and hitched 'im to a plow, but he, up and kicked that plow over inter ther next lot. He was all right under saddle, but the minit Ben tried ter hitch 'im ter anything he jest kicked it outer sight. No matter where he was, if things didn't suit 'im he jest let himself out an' kicked. Nobody but Ben daat go nt-ic 'im. Well, he finally diakivered that everybody was scared of 'nn, an' ho cot the idee that he was the greatest mule in that section of tho country. Ho had a way of cockin' one ear forrard and the other backards, nn' winkin' ouo tyo w hen any one came near 'ini, as much as to say; 'Git on to me ; I'm Ben Appleby'n kickm' luulo and don't yer forgit it.' When Ben would be ridin' 'im 'long ther road an' they'd pass an other mule, he'd jist git his cats hi positiou an' wink an' gnn as much as ter says 'I'm the only mule in this country. I'm a kicker, I am " He seemed to umlerstau' that he had the dead wood on Jlen, au' that nobody could hitch 'im to no sort o' vehicle. He got chuck, ram, jam full of conceit, and use ter parade aroun' the barnyard like he owned tho place. Ben made up his mind as how the mule wouldn't never bo no 'count tell he was broke to drive in harness. He tried all sorts er ways. He hitched 'im to a mowin' midline, and the result was he had ter git a new ma chine. The mule kicked it all out 'er shape. He broke up everything that Ben tried ter hitch 'im to. Bimeby Ben got mad. He wore he'd take the conceit out o' that animal if it tuk hi whole farm. Then he begun to tudy up the case, till one day a man came along with one o' them farm engines what they run thraahin' mersneen with. Ben say to ther man, 'I'll give yer five dollar if you'll let me hiUh my mule ter that mershcen. 'Git out yer mulesez the man, an' Ben led 'im outer the stable. 'He can't pall it,' sex the man. 'Never mine,' ez Ben, 'he kin try it.' So he led the mule out in the road, an' the mule he knowtd iu a minit what was goin'on. He cocked hi ears backards and forrards, and grinned, and se. to hUselst "They're Jgoln' to hitch me to that thing. Doc-gone my akin, III kick it inter the next county. I'm Ben Appleby's kickm mule, I am. Watch me now an' see how I doit.' "Well, lien an' the man got 'im hitched up to the inersheen an' he began to kick agin the boiler head. 'He kicked, an' he kicked, an he kicked, but the mtrsheen never budged, Ben an' the man tat on the fence a watchin' the job, an' tho man a-laughin' to kill hisself. Ben looked kinder satisfied, but he never fetched a smile. Bimebv the mule settled down on his four legs an' swunp his head aroun' an' said to hl'Belf: " 'Wat kino of a dog-gone vehicle is this, any how ? She don't fetch worth n cent. Jiaybo somethm s the matter with my legs. I'll go for it agin, anyhow.' "An' he set his teeth together an' liegan to kick agin. Well, sir, he hammered his heels agin that boiler head till he was black in the face, but she never weakened. Then he'd stop an' take breath an' swear, an' then he'd kick agin. Well, s!r, he ken' that up fur full half an hour, till he was weak as a cat ; then he stopped an' flopped both ears fnrrard and cried like a baby. Sen let 'im stan' there a little while, an' then he onhitched im' rtV took 'im back to the stable. The next dav ho hitched 'im up to a buggy, an' he trotted off without say in a word, an to-day lies as de cent and respectable a mule as they is iu the county. Ben's wife drive 'im to town mos' every day in a fayton". St. LouU Republican. Chestnuts. Why will yon plant trees that are of no intrinsic value, but simply a nuisance and bore ? Tho trees that are principally planted in Colorado at present may grow quicker, aud afford shade sooner than chestnuts, but of what value aro they when grown? Chestnuts are selling very readily in the East at $10 per .lar'rel, wholesale. Chestnuts seem to possess a flavor which is alike agreeable the old and young, and are, in fact, bought almost by everybody. The chestnut tree affords a beau tiful shade, and is one of tho prettiest trees crown. What looks nicer than a house and lawn in the midst of a beautiful clump of trees, and what is more pleasant than to ga ther chestnuts in the fall ? Who cannot ap preciate tho pleasant time to bo spent crack ing nuts and eating fruit during the long win ter evenings around the happy hearth stone. Let us plant more trees that will repay for the labor and caru in raising them, and life in fu ture years will be a pleasant delight. Ex. Cheney Tribune . It transpires that Spokan is the banner couuty in the Territory in the way of population, the vote of this county at the recent election being 1,982. Walla Walla comes next with 1,118, and King, 1,803. Now as Cheney is tho banner town of Spokan county, and Spokan is the banner couuty of the Territory, therefore Cheney is the boss town in Washington. Territory. This logic may not bo approved by all our contempo raries, and yet thoy will not argue the propo sition. That argument takes the cake. WM. WATSON, commission Agent for THE SALE 01' GALLOWAY and POLLED ANGUS: Or Aiitvum:. attij;. i iiavk for balk 200 head of imported untile. As an old resident of Oregon and Washington 1 know well tho require ments of the IVelflc Coast itock miser. .j.Aildfoss mo caru of Piatt & Evans, btock Yards, Kansas City, Missouri. tluSOif. Stock Breeders' Directory. atyUnder this head we wlllbublfsh small advir tUements, like tho following, for W per jear. Larger advertisements will be charged In proportion. AVM. ROSS, BREEDER OP SPANISH or AMERICAN MERINO Shuep, Pilot Rock, Umatilla county, Oregon, Send for circulars and descriptions of sheep, JIj pd JOHN M1NTO, B REEDER OP MERINO SHEEP, Salem, Marlon County, Oregon. DAVID GUTHRIE, R REEDER OK LONG-WOOL and SPANISH ME rlno Sheep. Iiaiins roik County, Oregon. Pure Bred Berkshire Swine IMPORTED STOCK YfV BOAR OIK tifl'MK WAS UROUUHT If I from England and hi dam was a famous prize winner. I hare tine trigs on hand and ready for sate. A Ipso I hate the hist brotds of Imported I'aliiud CUItm Hwlne, Imported from the best Eaktern herds. My sows will have pigs next r-prlng. THOMAS CROSS, d'c22tf Salem, Oregon. Spanish Merino Sheep. I OFFER A FEW THOROUOHIIHKD MERINO FOR sale. I Invite correspondence or will be glad to show customers my farm on Mill uriek, 6 milts south of Salem. THOMAS CROSS, Satem, Oregon. Grade Jersey Bull for Sale. I HAVE A VERY KINK GRADE (Ono-half) JERSEY Hull, one year old which I offer for sale. Call at iwy place, three-fourths of a mile wut of State Insane Asylum, Salem, or address for particulars, DEXTER FIELDS, dvcH 2t Salem, Oregon. Uaaa's White Metallic Kar Marking Ijibcl, tUrnipcd to order with name, or namo und address and num bers. It U reliable! rbeap and convenient. Bfllu st fight and gives peifucl utl.factkm. Illuetr&Ux iTlco-LlM and sample free. Agents wanted. C. II. DANA, West I.obnuou, N. II. Eastern Cranberry Vines fop. ham: khosi A. J. BURR'S BOG, OljiapiA, W. T. I.OOw tint, .1,000 lhm. 10,000 II nrs. t 7.00 :to.oo AO.OO Stnd ifiMiev by Reifisterid Letter, Money Order or WtTs, Karo A Go's , with directions for forwardimf. In 1 b77, 1 planted three 0 frrt U-.li of the Jtnt-y crunlerr vines. I pUnttd theui la Iiabtn apart, tacfi ws , .undid one btd six Inthes deep, one three Inches, and another 1 planted on the natural lo. The tmndbd Ud yleldul hut a few Urrles and are djlfiitout. In ISaO I ir-athtrtd from the natural bJ two lartfe su'ir burnl full cf berries, and only one barrel frrn Loth the sanded out. Mink or Het land that overflows until about the first of May Is the heat for the Cranberry, Keep tho water on the vine until the late frosts are ovtr, and you Mil have a good trop er year, Ilant b dropping- the vines t frt by 6 Inches, and forrinjf Into the muck with a forked stick or wedjfr shaped dibble. Ho) out the wctxls the first year; pull them out by hand the second, and the third ytur they will take care of themselves. A. J, BURR, Oljmpla, ThursUit Co , W, T. cctlml J M HAL.STKDS self rejfuUtlnif i.m rntiou. From f A) up. fitid for discrlp the price-1 lit. etc. Thoroughbred oultry and eifs. ... ---, r.P dtUtlijJ Cabeo tin tjl ''.mil' muid tM&Bm B mmmle j-"ittpTiwTT -yi &&&&r&! A NOTED BUT UNTITXKn WOlUsJ, rn Us Boatoa Wofe . JMrt of Th abore la ft food Ukeows of Krs. Lydla B. Ftfife hftiu, ot Lynn, Mass., who abore all other human belnfi nay be truthfully called the "Dear Friend of Woman," as oome of her eorrrt pondonts lore to call her. 8b9 b fcIoul j- deroted to her work, which Is the outcome of a life-study, and Is obliged to keep fdx lady raManta, to help her ansver the largo eorrcflpondenao which daily pour In upon her, each bearing Its special burden of ruiTerlntr, or Joy at release from It. Her Trtretablo Compound U a medic ino for (rood and not nU purposes. I hn.ro personally Inrcstlgatod it and am satisfied of the truth of this. On account of Us proven merits, tt Is recotnmeoaW and proscribed by the best physician in the country. One says i "It works Uke a charm and sates muck pain. It will euro entirely the worst form of falling of tho uterus, LrucorrhoM, irregular and painful Menstruation, all Orarlan Trouble, Inflammation and Ulceration, Hooding, all replacements and the ootv sequent spinal wcainces, and Is especially adapted to tho Change of life." It permeates ertfrr portion of the system, and grrer Dw life and Tlfer. It rcmores falntnees, flatulency, dstitroyaall crarlne; tor stimulants, toj roUcros veaW ens of the stomach. II cures nioatlna;. Headaches, Rcttous rrostratlon. General Debility, Sleeplessness, Depression and Indigestion, That feellns; of bearias; down, causing' pain, weight and backaoha, Is always permanently cured by Its use. It will at all times, and undtv all circumstance, act to harmony with the law that governs the female system, it costs only $U per bottle or six for .&, and la aold by druggist. Any ad rice required as to special cases, and tbe names of many who bare been restored to perfect health by the use of the Vegetable Compound, can be obtained by addressing Kr P, with stamp for reply, at her home In Lynn, Haas. Tot Kidney Complaint of ttttor sea this compound Is unsurpassed as abundant ttlmonllj .mow. "Mrs. rinkham's Uror nils," soya one writer, are fAs IWI in (at world for tho cure of Constipation, niUougncis and Torpidity of the lirer.' Her Blood Purifier orks wonders In Its special line and bids fair to fyjuol the Compound in Us popularity. AU mnst respect her as an Angel of Mrrcy whone sob ambition l to do cood to others, l'hiladeluhla, IX (2) Mr. A. U. D. NERVOUS DEBILITY A Sure Cure Guaranteed DW K. WESTS NEIIVE AND I1UA1N TREAT mnt a specific for llsterla, Dizziness, Convul. slot.s Ivcnou Headache, ilcntsl Depression, Loss ol Memory S ermatorrhea,Impotoncy, Involuntary Emla slons fteuiature Old Age, caused by over-exejtlon, Self-Aim) or Otcr-InduVcnce, which leads to misery, tlecaj anil death, Ono box will euro rtctnt case. Each lax o itatnsono month'B treatment; 91.00 a box, or six itoxe for ?5 00; sent by mall, prepared on rccclyt ofpr.ic, Vre guarantee six boxes to cure any case. With each order rccehed by us for six boxes, accompa nlcd with $5 00, wo will scud tho purchaser our guar antee to return the money If -tho treatment dots not effect a euro, (luarantecs Issued onh by woodaiu,cahke& Co, Wholosaloand Retail Druggists, I rtland. Or, Orders by mall at regular prices Jan27-ly FARMER'S EXCHANGE I AU Sorts ot HerihandlM Exchanged loifl COUNTRY PRODUCE. Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, Crockery, Roots and Shoes, Hats and Caps. Everything a Farmer wants for sale. Every thins; a Fas mer raises wsnted. S. HERMAN, Corner Madison and First Streets, Portland Opposite Beginan, Sabln tc Co's A(ricultural Ware house. oct8-t DRS. A. S. & Z, B. NICHOLS, Homeopathic Physicians and Surgeons. Rooms 69, 00, (II a Union Mock, Portland, O Herltiltlm, Dr .. II. N. Disunites of Women. UK. A. B. N. DlauiuicH ol K)o, for and Tbroat. USE ROSE PILLS. PCUTC UlUTCn KVEHYWIIKIlEtOMllt AutNIo nAliltUu.t tniniiv ummi. Itn naeninrt ever invented, win anna pair 01 iiocxjngi with 1IKKL and T0K complete In 20 lulnuUa. It will aluo knltairreat arlety of fancy wtrb for which there la alwayi a ready market. Hend for circulars and term, to the Twoiilly Knitting Mucntue (', 163 Trv mont Street, Itoiton, Mans. cp8m FRAZER AXLE GREASE. RF.HT III tlir World. Vet llir Urnnlae. livery imcknirr lum our IriKlr-innrk and Is aiirkrd I'mrr'a. Hold i:ter) vtlirrr. u2Sj Corbett's Fire Proof Stable 4h jnt LIVEKY, KKKD AND HACKS, COHNEK SECOND and T) lor street. 1'ortland, Ortjfou. lUasouabi iharKe. I'artlcular attention paid to tjoatdinif bore Hacks tn attendance at all trains and boats, dav and ulght. Connected by all Telephone Companies. Whe you tornu to 1'ortland Inquire for "Corbttt's Hacks." aplO L. II. MAOOON, Proprietor, E. O. SMITH, omCK: No. 187 Flrtt Street, between Woi jrtaon and Yamhill, 1'ortUnd, Oregoi Incorporated 1804. Home Mutual InsuranceCo Of CAMi'OUNIA. F1HK OMY. Lo88e8PaidorJ1:c,Lun9l,334,633.44 LossoHPaid Ogn .',, $1 G2.3G3.29 Oregon Itrunclt Oflice, GEO. L. STOHY, Manager Southuut cornerof tint and Btaik S'aceU, Opit l4J & 'lllton'l Uik, t vntTLANlUOtkEUON. aW h