Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (March 10, 1882)
$$r ... iirnrrtf"'"'l,'wl'!lw'll'""l'WtE'WM''"'' m I TA .1' If 1 H t N fcf. hi grange department. THE FARMER AND THE ORANGE. When uecoMM.hr nil the prok-vhilitic of tho futiitc, in connection with the improve menta of the eondition of tin great ch? of producers, in whosci success lies the sucees of tho nation, we must accept s a frt f.Ktor in such injpif vciuent education of f.irme s f r their specific dutie. And tin includes vciy much more tli.ui mere schools ami book for the young. Lvpen nco is practical edueitiuu, ami every fin. er ine.ls to ii.spii.e, io mvosti gate and to expei uncut on his own .icvou t, and to compare his experience wi.h that of nthvrs. It is true that .the school should pro. arc the boy or girl in many respects lor success in the pro cution ot agiioultuie. but a per son's whole lite mint alo be devoted to study aud progio-s. The p-vfiwsion.il man has to read and ii.vetiLnte to keep up with the dis covenes ot science. The Judge upon tho bench is licccssanly a lurl student: the phy soiian or surgeon must read and study hard to keep hiuuclf qualified for Ins dutiei; the preacher is of tic-ceity " student, and so thruui-li nil the me chauieal trades. In every departino. t of life success is dependent on hard stuis), as well as a tegular labor. The fariiitx has a wide range of objects to understand ti secure his own success. Kveiy locality presents its ow uMitinctiv e feature; every branch f production from the soil his its own secrets to be lea"icd, and the practi cal man who follows agncu ture in an) of its diversified forms, must also study continuali) to know w hat obstacle" there are to o erconio and how t overcome them. Agriculture must look to science to work out its permanent sucjets, and when the farmer is educated to his proie.-siuti as he should be, then he will rank among the citizens of the world as worthy of its highest honor.', as well as of its highest rewards. The agricultural journal is to be a great force in working up the destiny of those who till the soil. The tune must come w hen such a journal -vill have an important place to fill as an educator, far more imp rtaut even than it fills now-. The time is coming when the farmer must understand much of chemistry and philoophy to prosecute his busmess to advantage. When that time ccms an epoch of production will clewn t at will make small farms grow great crops. The world is becom ing more deiiaeh populated, and its fertility will, before many centuries, be taxed to givo support to its swarming millions, but the po: sibilities ot production are only dimly under stood. With g-eater progress, the fannin? class -must have organized power. Denser commu nities w ill come soon, and organization and co-operation must be effected to secure per manent well being. The only way to grow is to make continued ad ancetntnt. The press and the pulpit and all mental forces must toil and faint not, perhaps for ages, but the end will bo achieved at last. Whenever we view this field o: tf'e future, tho fait of the Grange as an educator comes proinii.catly before tho mind. V.j confidently be.ieve that if t'.ose who belong to the Order sustain it3 principle as they should, the result will be that it will grow to grand proportion, and, in time, com-m-iud the confidence of all the farming popu lation, and do great good m assuring to work ouc 'he problem of the future of agn -Ilaie. "Confidence is n plant of slow sruwtn," BOiuo wise man his sa-d, but thefutuseoi agncnltuic -lid of those who follow it depends much on tueir being able to have coi.Cdeiio in th nissrlves and m eacu other. 1 he name. farmer should lie the symbol of honor and of the highest integrity, whereas now, many who own it are neither mindful ot one or the ether. Waat of confidence makes them prac tically wanting in fairness, and for want of it they cannot co operate, and refuse to associ ate with ti o:e who meet to work for the best good of the great class they represent. THX CLAIMS OF AGRICULTURE (The. fo lowing essay was read before the Orange at Klleiioburg, Curry county, by its late Master, Dr. F. O. Von der Green, and we publish it v. ith pleasure, because it is a con cise but .mote than commonly g'-od exposition of the claims of agriculture and the objects of the Grange. It is not oft n that we care for essays of this length a.id not often that we receive one that cowrs so much ground in such an interesting manner.) l'AKT I. " The pr 'ducts of the soil are the basis of wealth, and tlie pro-perity of a nation depends on the intelligence of the farmer." Agriculture was the principal occupation of thosn alien nt nations which reached any de gree ot civi ization. Egypt, for instance, un der l'haraoh, had already in the days of the patriarch Jacob produced and stored up enough grain not only to support during a lereu year's famine her own population, which must have amounted to moro than five mil lions, but was able to sell to the surrounding nations. The products of agriculture, her gruiu, linen, etc., caused the manufacture of thousands of commercial articles and enriched her government. The fertilizing water of the Nile which yearly inundated its Delta, awakened thought and eutei prise among the Egyptians. A sys tem of canals was established, by which those waters found their way to the more remote parts of the Kile. The building of canals en couraged the study of mathematics, engineer ing and architecture. Boon that remarkable people, from which all Western civilization originated, erected temples, palaces, obelisks, pyramid, etc., a large portion of which are standing yet, and show by their hieroglyphic inscriptions, carved on hard granite, what civilization, supported by intelligent agricul ture, could accomplish 3,000 years ago. From the oldest and most sacred records we e the Jewish commonwealth was based on agriculture. David, a shepherd, was anointed W 1LLAMETTE King while hording the Hods ol his father. Grangu is established on a linn basis trans -The agricultural piodtiet,, grain, o'ivo oil, jmrtation will bp reasonable, and coniinorco wine, etc., enabled King Solomon to Mipport .ni l, encouraged. To aeeouiplidi this our tho thoimuds of men employed in building ( Ord-r uses houorablo and lawful means, thii temple of Jerusalem, and to pay King1 'ho result of co-operation means, to use tho llirvm and his l'ho uici in arciutect", for Sol- . 0rds of Worthy Master Hoiio of the State onion paid annually to Hiram, until the teni- j pie was completed, 20,000 nifasuios ot wlieat, 20 000 of wmo aim -o.uuu measures m n....- oil. Palestine, at the time of Flavins Josephus, though small m territory, supported b) htr agriculture a largo and dense population. The religious feasts of the Jews Iiait a ten dency to in .ko fanning respected. Tho first fruits of the fields, uf tho oi chard and gar- dm, and fie firstlings of the. link weio brought to Jerusalem to b otl'cred up in tho temple as sienlice to the Most High At the tiineof taster, Jeiusalem must hav e resembled a treat nurieultur.il fair, where the best of the flocks and the choicest of fruit wereollered for sale, to be dedi ated ns offering in the house of God. Resides the religious import ance attached to such feasts and saenficc. they had a tendency to promote tho improve ment f sto :k and produce. The wealth of a countrv . and its progress of civi'iirition, depends moro on the agricultural resources and development than on gold mines. We hav can example of this in the history of California. Hefore tho introduc tion of farming, though gold was plentiful, only few made permanent fortunes, whilst vice and crime abounded; but as soon as farming in its various branches was introdu ced, permanent homes were established, fam ilies settled down, the purifjiug inlluencts of church and -chool weie felt, a commerce was built up. which ex ends to the principal e.a pjits of the world. To day thatStatt occupies an eminent position in manufactures, p.uut im, -culpture, and ev ery branch of art, sci ence and literature. Her ships carry her pro ducts to Kurope aud Asia and bring back more money thn her mines produce. Xo, when the experience of the past thou sands of years, a well ua the history of our own time so plainly point out to agriculture as the piiucipal source of national prosperity, we should think that every person wielding power or influence in the State would encour age ami defend those engaged in this necessa ry employment; jet history tells the reverse of it. In E,ryi't, the 1'hara 'lis, whilst gath ering the golden fruits of ttade with grain, reduced these very producers of their national prosperity to the condition of serfs. This example of that eaily history was fol lowed even in modern times and in enlight ened countries. Sovereigns, during the mid dle ages, rave to the nobility large tracts of land, already settled by families; the noble men became the monopolists- of that time. There would be no land Itaitues to day, nor riots among the people of Ireland and Great Britah', if the farmers during the mi Idle ages could have combined for tho protection of their inteiests. PAHT It. We live in a Republic, w hero we arc all equals before the law, where w e elect our law makers, whi re thousands of farmB may yet be taken up by the actual settler. Truly, we enjoy the great boon of living under a free government. We feel grateful for the pnvil oges of homestead right and pre-emption. Our greit navigable rivers, lakes, and two oceans, with their bajs aud harbors, the rich soil, the mild and healthy climate, the thou sands of mile ot railroads, on whieh the cars tly to and fro from State to .State like shuttles in a gigantic loom, carrying prodn'P to the ea-board, all combine to make the UniUd States the richest farming country in the world. The export of cereals, of pork, of beef, of cotton, and other raw materi lis, 1 as put the balance of tiade to cur favor. Yet there is much to be (.orrecttd to eecure the prosperity of the farmer. The farmer, by the very na tuie of his occupation, is a conservative citi zen a..d a brave soldier to defend 1ns couu'r; he constitutes an element which insuies sta bility to our government. The tanner, though securing for himself and family a home and means of support, is individually not wealthy enough to invest much in means of transpor tation, and depends to a great extent on the capitalists, to the injury of both the producer and consumer. High freight raises the price of grain, wool knd other produce, without benefiting the farmer. Almost all trades in this country have formed some uniens for their protection, only the farmers were slow to form a society for the advancement of their interests, ui.til about fourteen years ago the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry, or as it is commonly called, the Grange, was established. Last year, at the meeting of the National Grange in Washington City, delegates of more than thirty State Granges were assembled. The Orange is founded on the principle that "the products of the soil are the basis of wealth, and that the wealth of a country de pends on tho intelligence of the producing clatses." Womeu are allowed to join the Grange. No Grange can be organized without at least four women, as at least four offices, "Flora, Pomona, Ceres and Lady Assistant Steward," must be filled by ladies. The decorum in our meetings is such that no Granger hesitates to take his wife, daughter or sirter to them. The instructions and exchange of ideas, the reading of essays, the lectures and sugges tions, ths practice of parliamentary rules and debates, improve intellectually such as are punctual in attending to the Grange. In our meetings information and assistance are given, and all members are encouraged to produce more and buy less. Our Order is a co-operative society, opposed to monopoly, but uot capital. When capital ists, by reasonable profits and freight rates, show a disposition to advance the interests of the community which enriches them, they will be encouraged by the Orange, and the Granger will export more and buy more, The judicious capitalist will have a clear con science, hav the good will of the people, and in th end make more money. Wherever tbe PARIMEK: POHTLOUKGON MA (Jr.mgo : "Higher piices for 'our product, juwer prices for our supplies; It means bolter nouses lor laiiuers, potter nirus, ooitcrseuci., better ediuatio.1 fu children, tiuuu books, nolo musical iiistiumeiits, and uverjwheio moro intelligent households, edue-teit in the advanced leal mug of our tiirc, whoso mem Per can go to and frn in tho. world, do their own bifines', find themselves equals and veers of mi) diss of people, ami if need he, discharge public duties with in'elliiur,"'! honor." ENSILAGE. .. I'tndnmitl llruMKv) llulletln. ' A "Fanner's Club" of over one hundred practie'.il men, assembled in New York City a few davs since and held what was teni ed an "Ensilage Congress," to compaio lesult-s in this new pr. cess (fur this countiy) of feeding, whish piomises to become geuur.it!) success ful nml mm that v. ill cluim-ei to a lame ex ...., ..... -- - - tent the maimer of feeding cattle both for the dairy and for beef Specimen of tho ensilagu fodder, and but ter made from it, and a large collection of fodder cutteis and other nnchiiiery for culti vating and preparing the fodder were on ex hiiition. Thu samples of butter were of the finest quality in every respect. toino of the samples of ensilage came from as far as Wis consin and Nebraska. Francis Morns, of Maryland, was chosen chairman. Ho was one of tho pioneers of the silo svstem in this country. There were six subjects chosen for d scuj sioii: "Tne most profitable crops to cnil.igi;" "Cultivition vtiel Cutting; ' "How to build and (ill bileu; "Uuw to feed ensilage;" "F.couoinio va ue e,f ensilage as compared with other fodder;" and "Improved farming methods." C. W. Wolcott, of Massaolreuiett, tias a farm of uOO ares; keeps SO cows, and selU in Uostou 4'JO pounds of butter weekly, v. Ci cents per pound, besido sending to iinikct large quantities of vegetables and p rk. Ho and corn are the principle crops ensilaged, and then two crops are produced from the saine ground in the same year, the rye being sown on the corn stubble, and the corn planted on tlie ryo stubble. The )e is ciu in June and the corn planted the same day; and as the com was cut and at one- hauled o!f u wagons, the j low w ent to work and r o was sown, with no loss of time. Tho rye yielded 0 tons per aero of green fodder, Wing cut be foie the grain was formed. The corn jiclded from 1 1 to "JO tons of fodder, green weight, and tho whole yield from one aero was eulli- cient to krep one cow duiing 21 mouths with the usual amount of grail feed added. About one ton Per cow is contumed monthly. IIu calculated that his crop cost $-J 5o per ton, incluiliiu: the cot of manure, lalor and every thing else. He had tao ensilage pits, 50 feet long, 15 feet wide, and 21 feet dfep, and had not been able to Mil them. """ William H. l--.,er, of Nebraska, gave a de tailed account of his method of raising eorn for ensilage and plating it in tli silos. He found the cost t ) be Di cents a ton fi the crop is it stood in the zilos. Orlando 15. I'ottcr gave it as his expe lencs that the ensilage feed should Ixi cut out ami left l)li.g exposed about a day while feeding. He to.d how his .V) cons, which had produced 15 cans of milk when fed on eusilag-, had fallen to 11 can when put upon grass in thu Summer. He described his Milin, and said that he had them built so that his stable) was lower than the silo, and tho food was ea ily taken out. Hi had alliitd t" fill his silos quickly, exclude tho air, keep tho crop at an even temperature, and mix the crops as well as he could. His results were very satis factory D. Y. Sniith, of l'enns)lvania, said his pita were 'Jli feet deep, 10 feet long aud 10 fo t wide, divided into four silos. Ho had man aged to cut to rows of corn with a reaping machine. He covered his silos with broken stone to the depth of about a foot to a foot and a half, and thought that tho greater weight was thu most desirable. Mr C. W. Mills, of New Jersey, made a most interesting btitomeut. He liaj aban doned the expensive pits built or stone or brick and lined with cement, the cost of which has frighteued many farmers. Ho claims that all that is necessary is a wooden frame, to prevent the spread of the ensilage when the weight is placed on top. He esti mates that he puts on about 300 pouuds pres sure to the square foot. Ho Hays there must be uniform aud continuous pressure, tie says he can sustain 80 milking animals six weeks on the product of five acres. His plan was to get it into the silos quickly and cover immediately. Holed his animals three quarts of grain a day and thirty pounds of ensilage, lie plat U bis corn in rows about 32 inches apart, put ting 40 to 50 grains to the foot. The growth was principally stalks, very sweet, with hardly any ears, aud splendid food that could be cut very green. He had used an old-fashioned mower to cut tho crop. He estimated the cost of harvesing at 70 cents per ton, but said he would rather have a ton of that crop than a ton of the best hay. The corn he fa vored most was Southern Horse-Tooth corn. W. M. White, of New York, said he had planted corn with drills in rows 32 inches apart, and got 11 tons 200 pounds per acre. He had tried sowing broadcast, but bad only got about one-half as much as by drilling. He cut some of his corn three-eighths of an inoh long when putting in silo. Alter that he out some double that length. Tlio corn that was cut longest was not so satisfactory in feeding. The corn that was sowed latett was the best feed when taken out of the silo. That which was older the cattle did not like so well. He approved of cutting the corn in a compara. tively green state for ensilage. He could stow four tons an Jiour fiom the field to the en silage pit very easily. He bad ted as high as 100 pounds a day for one ration, but B0 pounds u-.-vi, heller. 111 one case an annual g' ...... ...Iu :.. .. ..titl.fr in P il ten. ..,.. ...... ........ . --- . . ., .Mr, .lulu-soil, ot x.oii'11'cjhmh, "."i - ing of fnttenmg animals with ensilage., li.... In; hail fattened bull. It as fed M l"''"'''" " ensilage a dav for 70 days, and ' I''11"1 "ml had ineteased 217. pounds Mr. Uoiidwi... of Now York, estimated llui cost of putting in mi ensilage w) 75 tent pur ton. lie had proiluetd .i."0 tons fiom 10 A.hert A. U'-ed, of lllmdii Island, said ho hid uo.l ensiliuM' two yenis with gta. co n, elover, wii-ghiiiiiniid iye, of all of which he pieseuted f.impl'S. lie lm I satisfied hni.nlf of the gieat value ol ensilage, by weighing his eows and their food mid pi ml ml, and with mid without enMln.,'0. He pieiild tnbies showing that the same cows with eiillngu food would tin ivon.nl e.iv u b, tter milk mid more ,.f .1 il..., mi miliii'iiv feid Wrh one cow be mcie.rcd the quim ity of milk two pound a day, and the butter was lilier than befoie IIu is imatvd th.t his e.is utii about 50 pound each of oiiM'u;e f .bier per day III st.itistns kIiowoI iv Hguliit deeiea-e in Heidi nml lo-N of milk vvneii tin eimllU" food was withdrawn. When e fill" en-llage or cilied food hu allow esl his tow-, si quails of hi an a o". Ik Potter, of New Yolk, said he thought that nil clover was in most lespects the best crop for eiiMihge, liec.ui'S It ttle in thu most compact mass, an I meets the prmelpil requirement o! mo pieces, w men ii ... in clude iho air and reUiu ih im i uie. He ! ioved tho best pirt of thu cop l lost ny nrv tllg. lie believed that ei..ps C"iiid be kept III the silos ten )ar jsood as the day they weie cut. Ho had rai-ed sorghum thru) )cas and found it a better crop than com. It would proiluc- moie milk mid lleu-h to tint ne'ie, but would exhaust the land nunc. J. A. Hedges, i.f Mi'snuri, spoke, of the advantages of sorghum us a todder pi nit, ii' d of tho necessity ol in.u hinery f'-r cutting tli" heavy stalks ot coin mid sorghum. II" hud n doubt that Ameiicn invention would supply th" ileuinnd for new implements. K. M. Wash m mi f.d mileh cowson milleit from his silo nt a cost i f IMJ ce. U n .lay pel cow. He said that ll.iriingtoii llros , of Wonestir. Mil , k pt foiirte.u horses on l.vo-y on nui.tl er food but ensilage. W. U. Strong, of Ni w Yiuk, give it as his evpeneine and l.elief that corn could bo pro served without cutting: that the more it Is cut tho miiiu it is injured, and that tho natural piotection uhie.li nature places upon the corn is th'j beat. J. Y. Smith said he hid seen pits for brow ers grams opened in Loudon wlrch bad In en closed for nine )em and th" giuui wire as good as tny weie when put in the pit lie was Mitistied that it was best to cut the com Uf. re feeling it, .u the mttl- were thu saved n good deal of work, s'nee the cutting LOiild bo done for 25 cents a ton. Tho Kov. Dr. Oimistuii, of New York, made an excellent address. He said he was going to pre neb religion on Sun lays, and en Hilago the rest of the week. He thought thu beit way to spread this knowledge of the sub ject would b t let the fanner know that ho could make money by it. Much more that was intcrostirg was mid 111 ing the two days' session, hen the Con gress adjoin lied for one year, after adopting the following : "J!fMlrnl, l hat it has bi-comou well-established fact iiy six yea-s' sticc-slul use us this country, and by the eoticuricnt testimony of many intelligent farmers, tint the vusilage system is ol great advantage to the fanning interest, as to all mankind." Ofllcers Elected. Kli.k.vkiii'iui, Curry Co , Feb. 11, ISS2. Kditor Willamette Fanner: The olticers elected for tho Koguu Kivcr Grange for the ensuing year are : F. A Stewart Master, S. I. Merriman Overheer, F. O. Yon ibr Green Lecturer, M. Gilson Secre tary, W. Sutton Troasun r, Wi.liain 0. Miller Chaplain, Isiac Miller, .Steward. John C. Mil ler Assistant-Steward, K. G. Hint Gate Keeper, Mrs. Arg. Hurt Ceres, Mrs. J. Gib boh Pomona, Miss lilaucho Yonder Green Fhra, Miss Itelxcca Foigy Lady AsuUnt Stcward. Our Order hire is increasing in number and tisi-ftilm-M. With much respect, yours Internally, V. O. Yo.v nuiGiifr.KS. READABLE ITEMS. "I always did like the character of St. Paul," said a boarding-house keoper, "for he once said, you know, that wo must est what is set before us, and ask no questions for con science sake. I always thought I should liku him for u boarder." A lady who was a brunette happened to show her maid one of thost? littlu (.ticking planter proliiiH whic'i the, call silhouettes. It wa- the portrait of thu 1 .dy's aunt, whom the girl had ni-ver seen, and sho said, quite innocently, "La, sma'aiu, 1 alwaya thought as how you had somo black relations, you are so dark-like yourself, you know." "Well, now, Joe," said Gov. Vance, "do you really believe in this election by God that you speak of?" "Heed I do, Massa Vance," said tho negro, seriously, with a shako of the head, "Well, do you think I am elected to be saved?" "Scasly know, Massa Vance, but 1 ntber heerd of anyone lieing 'kcted what wasn't a candidate. "I'UUhunj J'ot. In a country place in North "arolina some time after tho war, they elected as Justice of the Peace an old white-haired negro ignorant, but honest, and well liked. His first case was a jury trial. After the pleading was over, tho counsel informed his honor that he could charge tho Jury, "Hm'.' Charge do jury?" "Yes, your honor." "Wal, gunmen ob do jury, it 'pears do case am trow, an' I got to close it wid de charge. Comidcrin do 'speri ence you hab got, I tink I will charge you two dollar an' haf piece. Detroit Free. J'rtnn An F.piscopal Clergyman, who has recently taken charge of a parish in a small town in New York, was called upon to attend a funeral a few days after he had assumed the performance of his duties. As ho entcied tho bouse of mourning he was met by a member of the bereaved family, who said, "You are an Kpiscopalian, I believe ?" "Yes." "Well, sir, I don't know much about your practices, but I believe you like to dress and undress a good deal, Perhaps you would liku to go up stairs and put on your shroud." Tho clergy man went at once. Tur Allen Hue steamship Manitoba, which arrived at lioston from Glasgow, February 11, brought seventy-eight Clydesdale stallions and four inarrs, consigned to Colonel Hallo way, Alexis, 111. One horse, tbe champion trotter of Scotland, named "Never UfhUid," weighs 2,000 pounds. The ponies, purchased 10, 1881 fiom the Count! s of Lonsdale, o.il $700 I each, and one is tlm only animal showing no ellrct of tho voyiig". Killing the passu." wen of tho animal" died. Thu loss is eov- ,y thn iiiMurauiM of $100,000. James Johiiho'i, of Scotland, had I'liarce of tlm ani mal. Many uf tho hot son' side nio badly ehifed by tie lolling of the v..sselj many euuglit cold and hoiiio aio Miilleiing fiom cold in their eyes, Iho homes were imuuminvri placed on tho inilroad for I lileago. mi kl.il inn over two veals old. Them ia Tho natch i ust -5100,000. A cow originating in Gmysville. III., is In tntr exhibited in tho West that is i. good ilea1 o' a lti int. She is Maid to bo 1 7 hands higo, c.itts Hf feet; measuies 10, feet from lor but tock to the tip of her no. e, and is Ml inches netiiss the lupi. She i seven yearn old, t d and white, mid a good pattern for beef. H sho could give milk and butler in propuit.ou to her weight, mhiih ICitiu milk in hi would liku hot. Overgiown things eseitii our won dt r but useful things are tho best in tho lone, inn. Tin. man who makes tho wheep bimiuess pay is tho man who eaiefully selects Ins breeding ewes, annually o ills out tho old mid inferior stock to fatten for market, and con stantly keep at thu head of his flock a llmr uiiglibied main if he cannot allord to start with pillely hied owe. No other kind of tockriiming pa so liberally at present as sheep gloving if properly attended to. To Ii-. i sllceessful llockm.iHter, oil urn t keep your Hook ) ling, f. ed will, hicud with judg ment fiiii.iii 1'iirinrr. !och. ?y . Tho Place fo Sheep A certain number of theep on every farm will, if properly iiiaiisgeil, bring to their owner a laiger sircei.tago of profit tnaii e'.in lie realise 1 from an eqiul investment in any other direction. Tho limit of such profit ex tend considerably be)oiul the amount ob tained by in trk-tiii-r lleeee and flesh. "Waste places arc mad" glad" by the removal of del rimei.tal gnuths of vegetation, the way is paved for the introduction of i.nproved grassts and paying grain crops. Whether in subduing raw prairie, or in bringing the new "clearing" into shape for plowing and pastui age, a floek of sheep will be found both tho apeidiest and cheapmt workers Hitliilirin.il of thn frontier farmer. In older icttb men!", where rotation of ctops i rcorted to, they may bo emplo)od for gleaning giain fields, and gathering from eorner.v and hy-wa)s in truding winds and grasses, that, if not de strojed, would lediice the profit of glowing crops, while adding materially to the labors of the hiubtudmaii during subsequent 'el s' n. Not idoni) is this labor perfonnd w ith out cost to tho fariinii; the sheep piy him for the privilege in semi-annual installments of wool and UiiiIm a percentage that, might well excite the cupidity uf a Wall street sjuculs tor. In the great economy cd nature tho sheep seems to havu fern espi cully designed for thn widest io"iblo dis M'liiiimtiou fitted unit is, in koino ono of tl e iimtiy typys, for evi ry conceivable natural or aititicial surrounding Tint hardy and industrious Merino, pvtlciit under adversity and piotitnblo at all times; the rotund Cotswohl, insuring the maximum of weight in return for such fisnl and iaio as miy bo vouchsafed to it; the Downs in tlmr several sxcelb nt types, w ith juicy carcasses elways rcwly for'thu block- these, with their man fold c nulcs and crosscn, filiiilsh annnds suited to every nook in our iiCLcs.anly varied sysV'ius of husbandry. As thes,u realities come houiu to the averago 'anuer, slowly, but all tho nun n ceitiiuly, thu number of sheep is incieased. I'lie bleating of tho Hock mingle with thu morning musio of addid barn yard, and the luiids'capu that knew them never be fore is enlivened with thu presence of frolick ing limb and patient ilain-, as each yuir in meatus tlio number of those who become "keepers of sheep." Ilrfntrr'n (luzett'. TlIK weak points of a horso can bo better discovered while ho is standing than while moving. If he is s'liind he will stand firmly and quarcly on his limbs without moving any of them, the feet planted flat upon the ground with legs plump and naturally poised, If ouu foot is thiown forward with thu too pointing to the ground and thu heel raised, or if the font is lifted from tho ground and tho weight taken from it, disease may hu siopected, or at least tenderness, which is a precurser of dis ease. If the horse stands with his feet spread apart, or straddles with his hind legs, there is weakness of the loins, and the kidneys are disordered. Heavy pulling bunds thu knees. A bad tempered horse keeps his cars thrown back. A kicking horse is apt to have scarred legs. A stumbling horsu has blemished knees. When the skin is rouuh aud harsh and not move easily and smoothly to the touch, the horse is a heavy eater, and his digestion Is bail. Never buy a horse whose respiratory organs are at all impaired. Place your ear at the side of tho heart, and if a wheezing sound is heard, it is an indication of troublelet him go. CoNHiDKitiNii the comparative standing of the dillerent breed for stall-feeders, Professor ltrown, of tho Ontario Agricultural College,, says i I know of no class of cattle so well qualified to fill up all our wants in the stall as the Shorthorn and bis grades. In impres sive power, early maturity, weight and fat tening disposition, they stand unrivaled, Nt-t to these stand the Abberdeen foil and his grades with their better quality of flesh aud equal maturity, hut Jiardly equal in weight. The Herefords come third with their equal impressive power aud reliability as breeders, but not equal in early maturing nor weight) and, as a stall-feeder, the Galloway most take a fourth place, except in permsnenoy of char acter and quality of flesh, in which respect be bows to no one, -iiir. Mtii-iiiMiiv mini on suuday evening lal a young nun niu Klwanl I) on, was dangerously, If not fuj. shot, nt Hiker City, by Mr. Dan PatUria' of that place. Tho Itrvrttlr "ive tho foll ing account of lliniill'-iln Lyon is ayoutigmsf His face ia siMiotll nlld hu ha tho npptj mini of a big boy) but is raid to be twtnt two or tweiitythreo yesr old. For km time past ho hni been In Putleisou' eiiipjo ami for a wliiln he hoirduil at Putteiriot house; and uf uuiiiko, linuiinin acquaints with Mr. P.'s wife, Thero uro vniimisK mors illicit mound town In legaid toll,!. it Hull ; mil iiccoriiiug en inn mm iiunriiisiioi wo hive lei ii nblii to nhUlli, Mr. PatUrid Ihis heeii siispuioiM of Mr- P. for iom wieks p nt; mid ono ri poll Is thai he mon Hum inn" w .lined Lym s that if fm did rtj eiuse coing; to hi house ha would kill hit He this a It limy, Inst Sabbath eiVoiiing Mb' 1 wiut to the I'atlioliu church! when It wi over I.) on eseorted her boiilii, but ili'trili(, taking the lcwulk lending from the ilweliis ot Mr. Liiplnger to Patterson's homo-, the) should have ilono -tlsoV took down t ntley, running on tho north Idu of Ch'st town tins paing tho rear of stivtij dwellings - until thuy camo to tlm gatu ohj mil into tint resr of Paltmsou's plenii. when Mr. P., who it seem hid beam unlit nig for llirm, euddenly appealed and llrd mid Lyons lell, and while down Patter emptied the lountiuilig ehsmbiiis uf his n volver, but nniin o' tlinio took eUVct or ell any damage as far as known at present, After the shooting Paltlvis'li walk'd ofl .ind Lvims aiosn and went to tho livery lUtt with but little help, mid siihseqtnutly he wii'l tab. ii to ouu of the loom i til tne ueonil sWrj of the Vrl-rn Hotel, whole be ii at picnent Y.sl iday Pattnrsoti wa brought bifofi ItVcsinIrr Reynolds who it s.-oms on set ubo as a Jiistlciiol tlm IVace -when his lion iiipnicd him to give IkiiuI in thn sum t f.1,000. From tiii. i ii"r. - In a letter from Pio1. V J. M. Ii '. of Thr Dsllrs. thn Tinn ..t, . 'ii nt thr front, t.rni IaIii I'nii oil llll'IU l -Jiii.. - ii tTitor inn u .filtration of roug'i chrctn snd tin .(in-' oil of tho pUcr, He docriUij x trtril. . .. of ullairn. rendtlllig lilnuii. jfi. on di-i-oiiut of .Uily ntitragrs liolwilli-f stsmliiii' the employes ol the N. P. H. 1(. rs i well isi iiartl set of men. v e alr Irsrn' trnm thu S.HI01 mancc that Snptinteiiilrnt llalle't will i jteint thn toad a illsUuco of Ill- teen or eights en milrs, ami that tbe sirsw-sj lindg'iove-i tlio lake will bo coiuplrtcil lirxt week ibis it not only a substantial strucjeT turn, but a beautiful pieca of Inecliaiilsi; Mi " lu its ymrtrienl propirtioni. I lie tns'J work on tho lake wj tested and accepted Ij Mr. l'liulsen mud f. mid permanent and ni Uutiil 'I lie lest was msdn with double til weight m-censry lor practical transportation Woiiilrrltil to leute llui trrmr inn iiuiiiusi paitlele. This will p..t o quietus on fault finding madu by encinlm of the present mil' sguurli', and place Thlel.cu llallct it tho bead of railroad builJr of the sp. cpecially as the work was accoinpllihel is- the most inclement xaion in this eUou fot'fl yearn. Nvuuow Ivscirs. On Friday last Mr. A. It. (Vuiistock, head miller of the 1 m (f rill Mills, says tho Orison City KiUryrUe, an4 who bos been contircted with the cstahhili uieiil iinoe It wastinnrel by tho Uto Mr. liar- vey, met with a very sovs-ro acchlint tint f came very near iwiiig utl one. air vm t"ck had none into iho baeiiiut of the null to lix a filthier rod, and b.iini clos to ths shaft of the watT wheil, his coat becsme en; tangled and h was wo..iid mound lt,Btf mauageil to hold mi by u upMirt ami cryicc help. Hu was heatd and thn water wt In stantly shut oil. Mr. U Uilson in tho insuy time rushed down ami ncred Mr t'(imstti clothing from the shaft Mr f'-onntotl'l Ix-ard had liecouin wound il'i with hi clothh ai d a portion of It sut vvitu lh.i clut liltJT Whou exttic.sted from hi .lasrous positwe hi hand was lound to I. -'veroly cut, III side considerably abrased ami hi fsco bruised, I ul no serious injuries wire recriveil. Mi.TLouoHmicAi, .StMHal.r. From ths signal service ri'imrt for the past month, w. Oiliiluliau the followinc' : lUroinuter -hlgh'St, :i0.r.S0; lowest, 2U.r.V; range, I 025 Tim prretiiro hihett, .12 Sj lowest, ltf.0; range, .'I I,1). Wind -prevailing direction, seuth; uuatist volocitv. 2.S mile. Num'xsrof cloudy ila)nou whichraiufell.il; number of char lay on which ram fell, I); number of clear lay on which no rumor snow foil, 2; Miinlx-r of cloudy days on which no ram or snow fell, 2; number of stiys on which rain or snow fell, 20; number of foggy day, I. Oreatest daily range of temperature, 17 2; lowest daily tange of temperature, 7.1: menu of inaiiiiium tem perature, It 0; mean of minimum temprratiir'-, :i2.2; mean dally range of tern pern lure, 10.tVj dates of host, 1st, 2d, M ami dth, Anotiuk hoyim Conk, Dr. M, C. Lie ilisd at Jiiuct.ou City last week, Ha was mm of the early pioneers of Oreson, settling in Polk county, where hu resided until hu moved to Junction a few year sgu. Ho was a good man and highly respected by all who know linn. He leaves a largo family, who are all respected citizens, among whom wo mention Dr. T, J. Ler, ot Independence, one of the J most successful physicians in thu State, aud f thu sou who was engaged with him in business at his late home, lie was about 70 years of ntfo- Damaiiei) bt Flood. The dam of Jacob Wills' saw mills ata Williburg, on Johnson creek was cirried away by the late freshet, ami 00,000 fret of saw logs let out of tho pond aim collected in a jam at Hie bridge iisiotr. The (lanugo to the dam amounts to $1,000. and the mill will not he able to resume opera tions uutil the 1st of June. A contract fro the O. Ac O. It. It,, ealliug for over SO.OOf icei, was surrenilerc.i alter a few tnuusaoa feet of timber had been delivered. KUUIENR sj'ITf ITKMa. Oenuine March weather. The area of grain sown so far iu La county la greater than at any previous year. .Campbell llros,. of the .Quant, hava oar- chased the property known as the Mose tSaxoa saloon property, 8, II, Kakin, ex-sheriff of Lane coentvf re turned from an extended trip through the Fast. He says there is no place like Oregon. The I'resbytorian congregation of this plaoe contemplate building a new church this com ing Hummer) when complete it will be the finest wooden structure south of Portland. Home partios amused themselves on lut Wednesday by building a sUke-sud-ridvred rail fence out of about three cords of fenoi posts across Ninth street, near the railroad, Heveral parties have contributed of late't the city funds by gsttiuv on and off the oar.; wuiie in motion, tne act being strictly jorum-, den by our "oily slsas." U. M, M. Just received ex steamer Oregon, a supply of Crown sewing machines of iu stvlee at Garrison's Sewihtr Machine 81 117 TWrd aire. tf 1 II ii 81 11 V i-i "si- ifrriggsBgtgg'? 1 tt',irryff .Mums