Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 27, 1875)
WILLAMETTE FARMER. 3 How to Lay Brick. A great many masons 'who claim to be good workmen fail to lay brick well. Almost inva riably tbey mix tbe mortar too stiff and use en tirely too much of it, making joints as largo as they wonld in a common ltd brick wall; corners will be found badly matched, tbe labor of cut tine and fitting beiuc replaced Kv a liberal bud- ply of plaster. Tbe most skillful plans and tbe best quality of brick count for nothing when joints are made half an inch thick. Fire mortar should be thin enough to run almost like water; the brick should be dipped in it and rubbed to gether, or else laid dry and the mortar poured on afterwards, the great aim being to secure solid, even work; all important joints should be carefully made with cut or matched biick, no holes b-ing left to be patohed with bits of brick or clay. There is another point in this connection worth looking after: Boss masons often have their own ideas about correct shape and pro portions, and with a total disregard of plans they jog on with cheerful unconcern in the old Beaten track. Failure, due either to faulty plans or bad workmanship, is apt to be local; a more general giving out follows from bad stock. A change of ore in a blast furnace may quickly cut it out, some varieties being particularly bard on brick that also may make the, differ ence between a blast of six months or ono of as many years. A onpola which usually lined up once a year changed its fuel and destroy! d the same brick in threo monthtt; I remember an other instance in "which the same change in a Tolling mill doubled the quantity of brick used. Sulphury stock is especially severe on ordinary fire brick, destroying them just as it does cast iron. An examination of tbe burned ends will indicate partially to an expert wbethtr the stock caused the trouble, but consumers can judge belter concerning this from their books. In cases of failures from bad management it is especially hard to locate tbe blame, be cause the evidence must nectssarily come almost entirely from parties having a direct personal interest in the result of their testi mony; no general rules can be laid down to meet these cases; usually only a thorough in vestigation by an expert will throw any clear light on the subject. The Watch. "Watch " is from a Saxon word signifying "to wake." At first the watch was as large as a saucer: it had weights, and was called "the pooket clock." The earliest known use of the modern name occurs in a record of 1542, which .mentions that Edward I. had "one larum or watch of iron, the case being likewise of iron gilt, with two plumettes of lead." The first great improvement, the substitution of the spring for weight, waB about 1550. The earli est springs were not coiled but only straight Eieces oi steel. Early watches had only one and, and required winding twice a day. Tbe dials were of silver or brass; the cases bad no crystals, but opened at back, and were four or five inches in diameter. A plain watchpost the equivalent of $1,500 in our currency, and after one was ordered it took a year to make it. There is a watch in a Swiss museum only three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter, in serted in the top of a pencil-cast. Its hands indicate not only hours, minutes and seconds, but also days of the month. It is a relic of the old times, when watches were inserted in snuff boxes, shirt-studs, breast-pins, bracelets and finger-rings. Many were fantastio oval, oo tangulnr, cruciform or in the shape of pears, melons, tulips or coffins. t Puts. We believe that pins, as we now have them, came into nse about the year 1483, and the perfection of pins was insured in 1543 by an act of Parliament which read, "that no per son shall put to sole any pins but only such as be double-headed, and have the head soldered fast to the shank of the pin, well-smoothed, the shank well-shaven, the point well and roundly filed, canted and sharpened." In 1C26 the pin manufacturing business of Gloucester, England, became si great that 1,500 persons were employed. The first American manufac tory was established in 1812, and at that time a paper of pins could not be purchased for less than one dollar, and tbe firxt attempt at pin making was successfully made in New York Gity. A machine patented in 1832 by John I. Howe, was the first to produce in America pins with wire and "spun beads," and in 1840 the same gentleman b"gan malting pins with solid heads. The pins of Mr. Howe are more exten aively known, and the demand for them much oreater than the products of other manufactur ers. Previous to tbe introduction of pins, their place was supplied by mauy awktard substitutes, Those found in Egyptian tombs are exceedingly bungling in make-up, and aro in most instances seven and eight inches long. Their heads are large and made of gold, facts which would render tbem at tbe present unlit for any practical purpose. Tne ancient Mexi cans used thorus, and tbe English for a long while naed bits ot sharpened wood. Early Potteby Opkbaiions in England Lambeth, 25u years auo, was noted for its pot teries. At about that time som Dutch potters establish td themselves there. Glazed pottery and tilea'nianufactured by tbem became cele brated, and the wares were sold throughout the kingdom. The Staffordshire potteries, which arose about a century ago, supplanted tbe Lambeth delft manufacturers. Still one or two good houses sustained the reputation of the district. Tbe late Vienna Exhibition has shown to what extent chemical manufacture has developed the production of fire clay into glazed stoneware crucibles. One of the most remarkable productions of the pottery art was a stoneware pump of large size, and capable of being worked by steam power. This pump was to pump hydrochloric acid into tbe alkali works. The difficulty of handling this liquid made the manufacture a matter of necessity. Wait is Tun China, ob Kaolin? Cbina clay is formed by a natural process of washing from the decomposed feldspar and aluminated quartz, of certain kinds of granite. Kaolin, or China clay, is of an earthy texture, containing about ten per cent, of free silica, and equal parts of combined silica. Its preparation for the pot teries consists in subjecting the decomposed rook to washings or streams of water, tbe anartz, mica, and other particles falling by leir weight, or being moved by the velocity of the stream, while the finer qualities settle in tanks, or dried in tbe clay press to a stiff clay, fit for tbe wheel, and afterwards cut into blocks. Thealbite variety of-feldspar readily decom poses, and tbe porpbyritie rocks of Cornwall afford an easily worked clay. The Stafford shire potteries alone nse more than 10,000 tons of the finer kind of China clays from Cornwall and South Devonshire. Coveuno Cotton with Brut. A method of covering cotton with silk bas been devised by A. MuUer. The silk is discolved in bydrocblorie acid, or an ammoniacal solution of copper oraiekel. Water is added nntil the solution basin to cloud, when the cotton, previously mordanted, is immersed in It for a few minute. When takes out it will be found to be plated with silk. London, with 3,254,200 inhabitants, is the most populous city in the world, while Phil adelphia, with 674,022 inhabitants (in 1870;, is the eighteenth city in point of population. These eighteen cities, in their order, are the following: London, 3,254.290; Sntchan, China, 2,000,000; Paris, 1,851,702; Pekin, 1,300,000; Tschaotiehau Fu. 1,000,000; Hangtschau Fu, 1,000.000; Siangtan, 1,000000; Singnan Fu, 1.000,000; Canton, 1.000,000; New York, 942, 292; Tientsin, 900,000; Vienna, 834.284; Ber lin, 82C.341; Hangkan, 800,000; T-chingtu Fu, 800.C00; Calcutta. 794,043; ToMo (Yeddo), 674,447, and Philadelphia, 674,022 Of cities that are smaller than Philadelphia, the leadingonesare: St. Petersburg, 667,903;Bom , bay, 644,405; Moscow. (111,970; Constantinople, 1000,000; Glasgow, 547,533; Liveipool, 493,405, I ond Bio do Janiero, 420,000. I A Pabasite in tub House Fly. Professor Leidy reports tbe observation of a threadworm in the proboscis of the common bouse fly. The parasite is frnm a line to tbe tenth of an inch in length. From one to three wtre found, on an average, in one fly out of five. Mr, H. J, Carter first discovered the parasite in the house fly of India, and described it under the name of Filaria muscce. From two to twenty were found by the observer in one fly out of three. Dr. Diesinc has referred the parasite to a new genus, with the name Habrontma muscce. It as been suggested by Mr. Carter that it may be the soutce of, the Guinea worm (Filaria mtdinensis) in man. The Balance Whkel. If tbe balance wheo of a chronometer should revolve on a plane, in a straight ljne, with tbe same velocity it has in the chronometer, it would travel in one second 17.1 inches; in one minute, 85 3 feet; in one hour, 5,118.7 feet; in one day, 23,27 miles; and in two years three hundred and thirty-seven dys and twelve hours, the circumference of tbe earth, or 24,856 miles These resultB are based on the measurement of a balance wheel from the American- Patent Pocket Chronometer, manufactured by Charles Fasoldt, of Albany, N.Y. Recipe For Making Currant Wine. The editor of the Germantown Telegraph says: For several years we made a ten-gallon keg of currant wine, of as good quality as any we have tasted, and is generally so pronounced by those who have had an opportunity to judge. The mode of manufacture is simple, and can eaMly be followed by any family having the currants, and the disposition to make the wine. The currants should be fully ripe when picked ; put them into a large tub, in which they should remain a day or two, then crush with the hands, unless you have a small patent wine press, in which they should not be pressed too much, or the stems will be bruised and impart a disa greeable taste to the juice. If the bands are used, put the crushed fruit, after the juice has been poured off, in a cloth or sack aud press out the remaining juice. Put tbe juice back into the tub after cleansing it, where it should remain about three days, until the first stage of fermentation is over, and removing once or twice a day the scum copiously arising to the top. Then put the juice in a vessel a demi john, keg or barrel any size to suit tbe quan tity made, and to each quart of juice add three pounds of the best yellow sugar and soft water sufficient to make a gallon. Thus, ten quarts of juice and thirtv pounds of sugar will give you ten gallons of wine and so on in that pro portion. ThoBe who do not like sweet wine can reduce the quantity of fugar to two and a half; or who wish it very sweet, raise it to three and a half pounds per gallon. The vessel must be full and the bung or stop per left off until fermentation ceases, whioh will be in twelve or fifteen days. Meanwhile the cask must be filled up daily with currant juice left over, as fermentation throws out im pure matter. When fermentation ceases rack the wine off carefully, either from tbe spigot or by a syphon, and keep it running all the time. Cleanse the cask thoroughly with boiling water. then return the wine, bung up tightly, and let stand for four or five months, when it will be fit to drink and can be bottled if desired. All the vessels, casks, etc., should be per fectly sweet, and the whole operation should be done with on eye to cleanliness. In such event every drop of brandy or other spiritous liquor added will detract from the flavor of the wine, and will not in the least degree increase its keeping qualities. Currant vine made in this way will keep for an age. We have some made in 1856 which 'is really an excellent arti cle. I Good Pie Cbust. Many persons have dirH 1 culiy in making pie crust, often finding it heavy ana nam. a iauy writer m iuu veruiuut itwr- iutl gives directions how to avoid this : To one quart of flour thoroughly mix one small tea spoonful cream tartar, one teacup of lard, (lees will do, ) lightly rubbed in the flour, one tea snoon Bait, half teaspoon soda dissolved in very i cold water. Mix lightly with a knife, pouring in a little of the water at a time. Do not wet all the flonr, and do not knead it. If you want the top crust to resemble puff pie crust, roll ont some of your dough and spread on lard, sprinkly on flonr. then roll up. Now, do not as I used to, cut off a piece and turn the edges up and roll out. I nave learned a better way. Boll with your rolling pin a pieoe large enongh for your top crnst, just as it lies rolled up on your board. Wet the bottom crust uround the edge with cold water before putting on tbe top crust. Do not pinch the edges of tbe top crat down. Cut or prick, to let the sir out while cooking. Bake in a quick oven and you will have a nioe looking pie. Jenny Lind's Soup. Mb. Editob : Your cor respondent, B. Hooker, in a late communica tion, asks for tbe recipe of Jenny Lind's soup, the soup which was constantly prepared for her by her own cook. It is not an expensive article, being composed of sago, eggs and cream, upon a basis of beef or veal stock. I give tbe recipe in full: Wash a quarter of a pound of tbe best pearl sago until the water poured from it is clear; then stew it quite tender in water or thick broth; it will require nearly or quite a quart of liquid, which should be poured on it cold and heated very slowly; then mix gradually with it a pint of good boil ing cream and the yolks of four fresh eggs, and mingle the whole saretully with strong veal or beef stock, which should be always kep ready boiling. Mile. Lind was in the habit of taking tbe soup before abe aang, as she found tbe eggs and sago soothing to the chest and beneficial to the voice. Qermantoton Telegraph. Che(8E Fbtttibs, Slice thin one-half dozen large tart apples, and prepare half as many thin slices of nice cheese. Beat np one or two eggs, according to the quantity required, and season high with salt, mustard and a little pepper. Lay tbe slices of cheese to soak a few momenta in tbe mixture, then pat each slice between two slices of apples, sandwich style, and dip tbe whole into tbe beaten egg, then fry in hot butter like oysters, and serve very hot. These fritters are am addition to any breakfast table. Domestic EcopopY- i Qood Hk4lTH The School Girls' Meats. The physical i ducation of school girls is now receiving so much attention that it seems in place to ask the attention of mothers to the bad habits in eating into which a girl who attends a daily school is very apt to be driven. A girl who is growing, who Rtudies, and who has all sorts of demands made upon her time, brain, and health, certainly needs sound slei p and plenty of nourishing food. The sleep she may get; for nature is likely to have romo influence in this connection, but tbo majority of these girls get as little comfort from their meals os is possible. Tbey are not apt to rise early unless it is to gain time for study or practice, and they hurry through their breakiasts, nervous for fear they will be late, aud peihaps anxious about their lessons. Before the rest of the family has come to the second cup of coffee, the girls have finished their meal and probably are off to t chool. They carry with them a lunch that is rarely tempting, but still more seldom nourishing, and this scanty, ill-digested breakfast, supple mented bv the luncbeon of bread and cake. must support them through all tbe morning hours of constant work. If the family bas dined in the middle of the day, tbe girl's din ner has been saved in the oven, and is put down before her on the corner of tho dining table, where it looks anything but inviting Sho is probably tired or excited for the aver age echool-girl alternates between these con ditions ond she is not tempted to do more than hungrily satisfy her appetite, or wearily turn from the half dried meal. If the dinner hour comes later in the day, she pos'ibly studies her next day's lesson while waiting for her meal, and finds it hard to fix her mind upon her book. If dinner were ready, she fancies tbe lesson would not seem so complex, and as fasting rarely clears the mind of any one less saintly than a monk, she is right. After din ner, however, matters are not much mended, for then she finds herself growing sleepy, and the bed is the object of desire. That she is undergoing a slow process of starvation does not occur to the mother, who watches her with anxiety, and who prohibits parties, and long walks and late hours. The doctor orders iron to give tone and appetite, when be bad better order time and tempting, nourishing food. Tbe boarding-school girl, in spite of tbe f rumbling about tbe table, is often better off, n this respeot, than the daughter at home, for eating at school is regarded as ono of the duties of the day, and it is attended to with Fame de gree of order and leisure. We commend this subject to mothers for attention, and it might be suggested to doctors who are asked to help the daughters to better health, that they some times should proscribe plenty of good food and plenty of time for eating .and digesting it. Scribner. Effect of Exercise. It is found by observation that the effect of "training," or the persistent use of gymastio exercises, is to enlarge the heart and lungs both in size and capacity. It is stated by the super intendent of a publio gymnasium that one of tbe persons Bent to be instructed in gymnastics gained five inches in girth around the chest in less than three months. That this growth is not explained by mere enlargement of the pec toral muscles, is proved by the inoreased volume of air which the lungs are enabled to expire, as is demonstrated by tbe spirometer, and post mortems abundantly show an increased capaoity as well as size in the heart and the large blood vessels. The lungs increase both in length and breadth, forcing the ribs outward and tho diaphragm downwards. It is for this reason that athletes and gym nasts are enabled to make prolonged and vio lent exertions without getting out of wind. The capacity of the heart and central arteries being enlarged, they can accommodate more blood. Their contractile power being increased by this new demand upon them, tbey are ena bled to send on tbe current through the lungs with increased velocity, and thus by their greater capacity are able to oxygenize the blood as fast as it is supplied to them, and so no con gestion takes place, and no inconvenience is felt. The normal capacity of the lungs of an adult male is about two hundred oubio inches. It is computed that an enlargement of three inches around the cheBt gives an increase of fifty cubio inches of lung capacity. Dyino op Stupidity. Good temper, and the equanimity which is its result, are generally thought to be promotive of longevity. Yet if , we may believe "an eminent pnysician, 1 quoted by Lord Jeffrey, "tbe wealthier mem bers of the Society of Friends, of en die of stupidity, and rarely live to be fifty; eat too much and take too little exercise, and, above . ait, ua.Q v v luua w iva.vu.. .... a.. w- ' ma.kuMa ctnfomant urno m.ila tn IRIfl 3nmn persons may disagree with its conclusions as a whole. It may, bowever, be conceded that a vjioannahlA umiiiint nf nnrvonn hiimnln4 in ' bealthfulits absence being as injurious as an ! excess would be. It has been noticed that men who have worked hard for many years, ure r often carried off by some sudden or unlooked for diKoasx, soon after retiring from business, Radical changes of babit, indolence and over exertion are alike hazardous to perlect health. What MaeesBald Heads. A correspondent of the Chicago Tribune enters a protest againtt the practice of shampooing. He says: " It is well enough for the people of this country to understand once for all that tbe reason why there are ko many bald-headed young men now-a-days is tbe universal custom that prevails of sbampjoing the b ad with stimulating washes. The wonder is tbat there are any men left wbo have full suits of hair. The custom should be discontinued at once, and young men should be warned in season against this most per nicious practice. Let shampooing cease from this time forward." , Health. If this supreme blessing were en joyed by all, and there was no sickness, and all lived the allotted term of human existence, (or three score aud ten), wbat a heaven there would be on earthl But perhaps this will never be, though we observe that the mortuary reeord of Boston says, tbat of the 142 people who died here during tbe week ending on tbe 17th inst., forty-six wero of American parent age and ninety-six of foreign. The Americans lead greatly in regard to health. It is curious to mark how nearly equal were the deaths in the sexes seventy-two males and seventy fe males. Toothache. Dr. Q. O. Smith praises the following most highly: Take of carbolic acid saturated solution, chloral hydrate satnrated solution, paregoric, fluid extract of aconite, of each an ounce ; of oil of peppermint half an ounce; saturate tbe pledget of cotton or a piece of sponge, and tightly pack in tbe cavity, Charleston Med, Jour. Graham MniTrss. Take one pint sweet milk, one teaspoonfu! tall, two UbUspooniful brown sugar, one teaspoonful baking powder, one teaspoonful butter; not melted; 'mix and make as for gems. SrjEEp 4(,d Wool. Sheep Raising. By Col. E. 8. SrowiLL Continue.!. The Merino cf To-Day. , The American merino of to-day, as we breed tbem in Vermont, present the excellencit scorn- bined sought out by tho necessities of former people, and brought out by the art of their lime. Thus we have tbe white sheep of tbo primitive shepherds, tbe fine sheep of the n. .!... ,V.n i.n,.l. bIiilih rt tlA Cnanl.l. Transhu mantes, the " wooly " theop of the Prussian Silesia, the wrinkly, well covered sheep of the Tain tor importation and 1'auier I cabana, with the fine style and free oil of the A' wood asbtepthat needs no covering, no oil or wines to lunricate us neece to renuer it soft and pliable, or protect it from the "cot ting " so detrimental to the Saxons, theSilesian or French, underexposure; in fact, an Ameri can sheep for the American manufacturer to meet the wants of the American citizen, iu our grand " commune " and mutuality of interest. But even this had en end, for after enjoying this unprecedented prosperity until 1865 or 1866, the over-production, stimulated by the failure of the cotton crop in the Southern States during the late rebellion, cieated a re action of the American market not alone, but every other wool center of ihe world became so ovi Mocked tbat utter ruin and annihilation s ared wool growers and manufacturers alike in the face. But the American wool growers and manufacturers were not to be driven to the wall without an effort. They met in convention in Syracuse in December, 1865, coming from every part of the loyal States, big with the im portance of their undertaking. Common danger made a common cause. I cannot do better than to quote Mr. John L. Hayes, from his second address to wool growers and manufac turers at Syracuse, New York, iu December, 1871. He says: "Tho convention of 1868 is memorable among other thing-i, for the conflicting senti ments in the woolen industry which preceded, and was tho cause for invoking it. A difference of opinion, amounting to actual hostility be tween the two interests, supplying and manip ulating the raw material of our woolen mills, had been gaining Btrtngth for fifty years, and knJ nninin.ii.l la i-iVinaa t aoAtinnol anlmneilv IUail I193UUJI.U luu iuuoo Jt ovvuuum uuiuivaivj between tbe East and West. On one band, the West, representing the wool crowing interest. exaggerated the profits of tbe Ejstern manu facturers; claimed that it bore without com pensation tbe burden of tbe duties which promoted their profits; ignored tbe fact that tbe specific duties on foreign goods competing with our own were but the equivalent for duties on tbe raw material which the wool growers re ceived, and demanded the mis-called equality so obnoxious to the manufacturing Interest, ' under the horizontal tariff of 1846. The manu 1 facturers, on the other band, representing a 1 m-nwincr Rnntimnnt at the East, were becoming more and more disposed to look abroad for thtir chief supply of raw material. They were not unwilling to avail themselves of such com mercial practices as would diminish the duties intended to be given for the protection of tbe American wool grower, and were inclined to advocate tbe British policy of free trade in raw materibl, including wool, as the wisest sys tem of protection to manufacturers. They overlooked the fact, which they have since acknowledged, with returning magnanimity, that it has oeen the experience of all nations ihat the domestio supply of raw material has been the first and always chief dependence of its manufacturers. Thev failed, also, to consider tbat while aiming at the largest and cheapest supply of foreign wool, tbey would rentrer American sheep husbandry unprofitable and inevitably destroy domestio production, thus reducing themselves to a sole dependence upon sources liable to be cut off by foreign wars or political revolutions. Tho inevitable results of such divi rging views must have been perpetual strife and legislative action, whioh, favoring each in terest exclusively, as its influences might pre ponderate, must alternately ruin both. From this explanation of the old differences which formerly distracted the woolen industry, it can hardlv be doubted that the disaffection toward tho prevailing policy exhibited by a limited number of tne older wool growers, is Dut tne expression of the traditional hostilitv iu which they were nurtured. The convention of 1865 is cnietly memorauie ior us inuuenco in recon ciling this disastrous feud. This influonce was the result of tbe simplest means, nothing more than to bring, tor the first time, face to face, tbe interests which bad been prejudiced and hostile only because tbey misunderstood each other. A coniorenco of but a day between the rival interests wus sufficient to establish a basis of adjustment. This basis was tbo recoguition of "mutuality" of interest and a right to equal ity of protection. The principles upou which harmony might be established was expressed in the resolutions unanimously adopted by tbe convention, which have an historical value as the ttret joint expression of tbe two branches I of the wool industry of the country. They are ' as follows: , " Besolved, That tbo mutuality of tho inter I ests of the wool producer and wool manufac , turers of the Unitod States is established by ' the closest commercial bonds tbat of dotuand , and supply; it having been demonstrated tbat I the American grower supplies more than seventy per cent, ol all tbe wool consumed Dy American mills, and with equal enoonragement would soon supply all whioh is proporly adapted to production here; and, further, it is con firmed by tbe experience of half a century that the periods of prosperity and depression in tbe two branches of woolen industry have been identical in time, and induced by the same gen et al causes. "Resolved, That as the two branches of agricultural Industry represented by tbe woolen interest involves largely the labor of tbo coun try, whoso productiveness is tbe basis of national prosperity, sound policy requires such legislative action as shall place them on an equal encouragement and protection in com peting with tbe accumulated capital and low wages of other countries." (To be Continued,) , Eastern Wool Markets. New Yobk, July 21. The wool market bas been rather more active this week, causod by the extremely low ruling prices and a slight improvement in tbo demand for goods. There is still a lack of confidence among dealers, as the stock now in market, both spring California and Texas wool, is large, and the whole clip of tbe West is still to come forward, whioh it is thought in many quarters will cause a much lower range of prices to prevail. Re ceipts of Ohio have so far been placed at prices considerably below the expectations of re ceivers. Good choice lots of X and XX Ohio can now be purchased at 4950c, while in Boston somewhat lower prices have been accepted. Farmers in Ohio continue to ask tbe opening prices of last year, but it is noticeable fact that they are not so firm aa tbey were month linoe, aa many sales have been effected at prices considerably below, Dealers still show a disposition to force matters, though this if tbe ease more particularly iu California and Texas; but on all descriptions of domestics, prices are more or les weak. Tbe 8 ties of the week were: 40 000 lbs cross bred Au'tr.lian, at 50; 105 bales Cape Ht35o; 50,000 lb.. Mexican, 337 bales East Indian, 346 to. Rio Grande, on pnvat terms; 853 do. spring Ca Ifornia, at 2025a. for burry, and 2932c. for free; 35,000 pounds fall do. at 1920o ; 3 a 0 lbs. California buck's, at 16c; 10,000 lbs. do. scoured, at 6467Ko.J 15,000 lbs do pnl cd, private-; 125,000 ttnEitcrn Texas, at 2934c.; 30,000 lbs. Western do.,priva'e; 37.0U0 tos. Co'orad", at 271 : 8,000 lbs. O.or.ia, at 37&39c; 90 000 lbs. pnlle-d. at 4550o for X 4tfo for super, ari. 4245c. ior lamb's; 255 000 lb, fl ece, at 4950o. forX Uhio uucololo r.ir No. l, 63c. for 1'. nw-ylvanta, 4547c. tor unwai-hed combing, 50 '. for tub WHshed, and 33c for unwashed Southern. Boston, July 24. The wool market is in art i.e. In California wool tbe transactions have be n sm lor than for some months. I his was to be expected when tbo new We-tern fl -ece arrived, and it was fortunate for Califor nia growers that they were able to put their new clip on 'be market at a time when other dome-tic wools wero so scarce. Sales of the week have been ouly 137,000 pounds spring at 2?39o , and 26,000 p uuds fall at 18o.-C'oU. Tl(E V-HeyW. Names of the Various Parts of a Grape Vine. N. F. Lund, in an address before tho North ern Wisconsin agricultural society,' thus de fines the principal parts of a grapevine: The stcck is the main part of the vine above the root and below where it branches. Ihe stem includes those portions which have ceased to bear shoots, and are two years old and over. The arm is a portion of the stem trained in a honzintal position. The cane is a ripened shoot, from six to eighteen months old, or un til it comes to bear shoots directly from its own buds. The spur is a cane cut short. The shoots are tho growth of the current year until the fall of the leaf. The laterals spring only from tbe buds on shouts, and are simply the shoot reproducing itself from its own buds. The node are, the joints in the shoots and canes from iliu spring the leaves, buds, ten drils or clusters and laterals. Tbe internodes ure spaces between the nodes; both these latter disappear iu tbe stem. The tendril is a twin ing support, Tbo cluster or bunch is a tendril perfected into fiuit. Tbe buds on the shoots occur only at the nodos iu tbe axils of the leaves. They are of two kinds, growing side by side. From one springs the lateral, making its growth the current year; the other remains dormant perfecting for the growth ot the shoot the coming year. There are also the blossom buds, which appear only on the tendrils and the beriies. The whole make up tho vine. Let it be borne in mind that the vine has not leaf buds and fruit-buds distinctly, like the apple, but leaves and fruit come from the same bud, borne on the shoot, the growth of tbe present year itself growing from tbe bud perfected for that purpose tbe previous year. No part of the vine which has onco borne leaf or fruit will biar it a second time. San Mateo as a Wine Growing County. What San Mateo cannot or will not produce is a matter of pleasantest donbt. The list of the county's staples is too lengthy to give here, and it is only one that wo Lave to deal with at E resent. Within the last five yean California as made for heiself the reputation of being a wine producing country, a reputation which the most sanguine and propbetio of pioneers would never dared to consider amongst the possibilities. So it is, however, and California wines are at present even more talked about and thought of In the London market than they are at home. Sonoma has hitherto htld tbo palm as tho wine county of California, -but for this she nuw has a competitor which bids fair to be come a dangerous rival, Sau Mateo, to wit: The successful experiments of M. Gustavo Mahe proves this. The Golden wiuo is the produot of the Black Mission grape. Enterprise is all that is needed to give us bock, muscatel and champagne. All along the eastorn slope of tbe Sierra Morena spur, on which M. Mahe has fixed his vlnoyird, are a score of equally good situations. The climato aud soil ure all that can be desired, and the men wbo ure going to make their fortunes as Sau Mateo's wiua growers .cannot be far off. Everything paints towartls'tbis. Tho situation is thoroughly de sirable, from a vintager's point oi view, whilst tbe "Golden" shows that here can be produced a light table wine that takes first rank amongst the California brands. With such goodly evi dence, it certainly must follow ,1 bat the merits and advantages of this, as a wine producing district, must be speedily appreciated, and San Mateo will soon have, not one, but a dozen vineyards of different grapes, all as flourishing and notowortby an that of M Mabe's. San Mateo Times. The Scuppernong. Van Buren, in speaking ot tbe wine produc ing capacity of tho ricuppornong, says: "I have just finished making wine from the Scnppernong grape; ono vine, covering an urbur fifty feet.squaro, gave nearly fifty bushels of clean grapes. The vine above mentioned is fourteen yeurs old, and will, probably, two years from this time, produce one hundred bushels." Now, allowing this to be the average crop of a Scuppernong vine atmaturity, that forty vines at thirty-two feet apart can stand on an acre, and tbat each bushel of grapes will produce three gallons of wine, and we haveG0x40i36, 000, as the annual' wine yield of a Soup pernong vineyard! Deduct one-half for over estimate, and still, as our old friend P. says, thero is a very respectable amount of good dinking left. A Monsteb Stkam Hamheb. Aocording to a German paper the steel works of Frederick Krupp, of Essen, aro about to receive a very important addition to their maohlnery. The largest steam hammer in nse at these works at the present time is one oapablo of working a mass of steel fifty tons in weight, and erected at a cost of '2,600,000 francs. It is now in con templation to build a new steel hammer oap ablo of beating np b mass of steel of double the weight viz , 100 tons. The new machine, it is estimated, will cost 5,000,000 francs, and will be the most poworfal in the world, and it may be expected that the size and weight of the German artillery will bo enormously inoreased, as the new steam hammer will permit the work ing up of larger masses of metal than np to the present time bas been thought to be possible by sclentlfio engineers. New Patents. Through dispatches to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents, 8. F we receive tbe following advanoe list of U. 8. Patents granted to Paeifio Coast inventors, vie; F. B. Aldersou, rian Jose Gal., newspaper file; B. Bragg, 8. F., gong ttchmjau for engine bouses; E. Hickman. Red mf, CaL, floor clamp; G. W. White, B. F ore ooBoentrator; A. Ooodnoagh aud T. 8, Drennan, Portland, Ogn., reciprocating chnrn.