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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (April 25, 1874)
'WILLAMETTE FARMER. A New Method of Staining Wood. The following process ot ranking course wood 'century and n half without special uttentlon, look like poliahed'mnhogany, is recommended nnJ " wft? not ?n,n 'uo introduction of frlc . J.V. i u. n.j. niZ..).. -i. -. ' tfon matches, that n demand for It sprang tut inWIederholda Tradt i Circular: The coarse , ,n lndU9trla, wftJ.. lt , inAfJ 9lT, wood is first coated with a colored size, which -hen inventors were for many years active in is prepared by thoroughly mixing up, in a devising means to obtain flre or combustion, warm solution, of one part of commercial gtue , w'"0"4 ,he UM ' ,,bo "nt. na Htel' 'J"1.1 . , . i . . . phosphorus was not thought of. For a period in six parts of water, a aufflcient quantity of 0, flft yeMgi llie mogt determined efforts were the commercial mahogany brown, 'which is, in i made'to get rid of the old tinder box, and the reality, an iron oxide, and in color, stands be- I number of contrivances adopted was very tween so-called 1 English red and oxide of iron. - .g. This is best effected by adding in excess, ftieid, suggested the "oxymurloto matches." sufficient quantity of the dry color with the These wore inflamed by thrusting a splint of warm solution of glue, and thoroughly mixing wd dlppea in sulphur, and covered with the i. D. .- -...... J . v.i, ntn .nnlf,. mixture, into a bottle containing asbestos, sat the mass, by means of a brush, until a uniform ' urate(l Ue at.w when this form of match paste is obtained, in which no more dry red first came upon tho market, they Bold as high particles are seen. ns two dollars the box, each containing fifty A trial coat is then laid upon npicco of wood, matches. The rapid combustion of chlorate If it is desired to give n light niahopauy color 0f potash and sulphido of nutiniouy when made to the object, it is only necessary to add lees, luto a paste and dried, and subjected to trie and for a darker color more, of the brown body don, suggested the Inciter match. These forms color. When the coat is dry, it may be tested , 0f matches, together with many others rnnnu. by rubbing with the fingers, whether the color factured prior to 1834, were all disagreeable easily separates or not. In the former case. ' nn(j dangerous, and thev were also too expen more glne must bo added until the dry trliil she for common nso. About 1831, the happy coat no longer perceptibly rubs off with the idea was suggested by au English chemist, that hands. Having ascertained in 'this way the I phosphorus might bo safely substituted for the right condition of the size color, with respect sulphide of antimony in the construction of to tint and strength, it la then warmed slightly, .nintehos, and soon afterwards it was ascor and worked through a hair siove by meano of . talued that a phosphorus parte, in which tho a brush. After this, it is rubbed upon the , antimony was omitted altogether, afforded tho wood surface with tho brush, which has been cheapest aud best matoh. It was found that a carefully washed. It is not necessary to keep pimple Bplliit of soft wood, first dipped iu the color warm during the painting. Should melted sulphur, and then iu panto made of It become thick by gelatinizing, it may be laid phosphorus and glue, with a little fine sand on the wood with the brush, aud dries moro Hud red ochre, supplied tho most convenient, rapidly than when the color is too thin. It tho Ichenp, and Mfe match that could possibly be wood is porous and absorbs much color, n sec devised. This is tho match which has held ond coat may be laid on the first when dry, i its place up to the present time, and is in coin which will be sufficient in all cases. On dry i mon domestic use in nil parts of the civilized ing, tho size color appears dull and unsightly, ' world. To prevent this match from igniting but the following coat changes immediately I spontaneously, or by bundling, n film of gels, tho appearance of the surface. This coat is J tine covers tho phosphorous paste upon tho spirit varnish. For its production, three pnrts cml, aud it Is only when this is disrupted by of spirits of wine of 903 nro added in excess friction, that the phoiphorns is renched and to ono part of red ncarold resin in one vessel, ignited. and in nnother 10 parts of shellac, with 10 ' Tho Dutch chemist, llrandt, who laboriously parts of spirits of wine of 800. Uy repeated drew forth phosphorus iu minnto quautity, agitation for three or four dnys, the spirit dls- and bv a tedious procoss. from liquid excre solves the resin completely. The shollno solu- munt, little thought thnt his chemieal novelty tion is then poured carefully from the sedl- would in after time bo manufactured by bun ment, or, better still, filtered through a fine 'dreds of tons, nnd bo uot ouly found In every cloth, when it may be observed thnt a slight, household, but made the kindling-spark of nil milky turbidity, is no detriment to its use. hearths in every civilized conutry. One of tho The resin solution is best filtered into the largest manufacturers of phosphorus In Eu shellac solution by pourlug through n funnel rope has- stated that the wholo stock of the loosely packed with wadding. articla iu the chemical establishment where bo When filtered, tho solutions of both resins I was trained, consisted of n little stick two nro mixed bv aritntlug the vessel, nnd letting . iniOimi lone, lie has lived to see it nulled bv tho varnish stand a few days. Tho acaroid resin colors tho shellac, and imparts to it nt i the same time the degree of sujipleness usually obtained by tho addition of ' enetian turpen tine, or linseed oil. If the varnish is to bo employed as a coat, ho upper layers nro poured off at onco from the vessel. Ono or two coats suffice, as n rule, to give tho object au exceedingly pleasing effect. Tho coats dry very quickly, and oare must be taken not to apply tho Becond coat till the first is completely dry. Sepauatiox or win Mwiccnr Tnnwiosn- run TtJBKs. When thermometers are over' therinnnietsrs are ovar- . turned or shaken by aocident, it frequently happens that a portion of tho mercury in tho instrument is separated from the main colnniu ... . i i ..z i. -- - .u t, t. generally easy to unite this rtlon of the mer-1 tUngerous; as, through inattention, fearful ex enry with thntin the bulb by holding tho ther-1 pIm-m t the retort sometimes occur. ;,r... -i,iiv twn nr th. inMno ihv i It was at one time feared thnt tho demand the thermometer .may be fastened to ft piece of , ...'" ... i ....i - -.nt. iS. i..,i w thau ion "ud uoUoo raphll?. T" y cam the de ached particle of mercury is so small that its weight is not sufficient to over-1 come tho sdhesibn to the side of the glass tubo; the following plan of procedure is then recom- mended: Tho instrument is inclined at an nnolHnf twentv to forty decree, so that tho . bulb stands higher tbnn tho tube, nnd a blow with a rlat piece of wood is given In the di rection of the thermometer stem. The mercury In tho stem is thus jerked forward, and, united "T. . .". .. .. . . ' with tjio detacueil portion, nils me enure iuoe, If the thermometer be now slowly and cnu tinuslv bronoht into such a position that the ' mercury begins to How back toward the bulb, on tho geological conditions affecting this tho united column may generally be returned to i scheme, which has latterly met with much no its proper place. In tho place where the hep-, ceptauco across the Channel. Tho contents of aration has occurred a small air bubble is gen- the paper may be very brielly epitomized. Mr. erally found, but by following the above direc-' Trehtwlch gave sufficient reasons for supposing tions this difficulty may be almost alwayi over-1 that the dense, impenneablo statnm, kuowu as como. iour. of Applltd Chtmhtry. the Londou clay, extends in n continuous . trough, from 300 or 400 feet or more iu thick. Tut Fatmt Sai-wi Ulastiso Powder. ' nes from the coast of Essex tothatof ndgliun; Thefollowiug description is given by n con- and from theexperiencogained in the ronstnic iuo luiw.iuH m ... r, j , i tion of tho Tower of btibway, be saw no difll- temporary of the manner in which a patent ( cllltVi Jn ft K00i0gicl point ot view, iu tho cou safety blasting powder is now manufactured in struction of a tunnel between these two points, South Australia. Operations nro carried on at I save in the extreme dlstnuca between them Alberten iu a weather-board building, roofed eighty milts. Where tbo coatts approach with galvnuizvd irou. The length of the whole i more closely tho Londou cla was absent, aud is but 23 feet with n width of 14, and a height , the tertiary nnd secondary formations thuro ex of 10 feet, and it has ono btuall window and a sting weru too permeablu for tuutiel work. On door ou the western side. The first operation the other hand, theso rocks were uuderlald by of a heries of experiments tried to test tho t ill-, pulieiolc strata, through which, in Mr. Frost ency and safety of this powder was performed wlch s opinion, it would bo quite posslblo to by the worthy mnuagtr pounding for n oon- drive a tuuuel, so far as safety from tho influx siderable time some ot tbo powder on an axe- of sea' water was concerned. But, llko tho ills handle with an ordinary hammer, without pro. t itu-e in tho former case, hero tho great depth, ducing the slightest effect. Next, its character.) more than one thousand feet nt Harwich aud as proof against friction, was demonstrated by Calais, wsb tho formidable difficulty. Ho was, tho same appliances, nud with an equally Balls- however, satisfied that on geological grounds factory result. Its Miperioiity as a non-explo- alone, the work was. in one case perfectly sive article was next determined by n number I practicable, and in one or two others, possibly of vessels being filled and ignited, when a con I so; but there remained considerations besides siderable time elap:-ed before the powder was . tlioie of u geological nature, and whether or COUSUmeu, nuu iur uuiue uieu urn. vwt- noi luey aiuuiiieu ut hu invuniuiu n uiuiiuu mon mustard tin, 6 in. by 3tn., and contain, was questionable. Iron. ing 2 lbs. of the compound, was first used, the , ascertained time before its .content were en- The Dktkctiun or Hiood Si-oto. Sounen tirely consumed being about half a mluute. cheln states that tungoLite of soda, Htronly Next an irou pipe, 1G in, by in. with ii . acidulated with noetic or phosphorio uoid, lbs. of powder, wai found to occupy one miu-! throws down albuminoid matters from ery ute ami eiuht seconds in burning, the orifice ' dilute ttolutious. These preoipttntes, insoluble being smaller. Another pipe, 0 in. by x and ' in a large excess of water, dinolve in alkalies, containing half, a pound of powder, took especially if hot. It defibrlnated blood is treat-twenty-five seconds In exhaustion. ed with this salt, a red-brown precipitate is formed, which liecomes clotty on boiling. All CucAsm.0 OiaaswABE xn to Labobatobt. ' the coloring matter is precipitated. To detect Dr. Walz thus describes his method of clean-' blood sjots by this means on clothing, the sus ing glassware used for chemical purposes: The pected port pn Is cut off: and after having been vebel to be cleaned infilled, or, if large, rinsed l treated by distilled water, the filtered olution with a moderately dilute solution of potassium i is precipitated with the above re-agent. The permanganate, the contact of the liquid being precipitate, washed and treated with ammonia, prolonged till a film of hydrated manganic ' takes a reddish-grey color. If phosphono acid oxide has been deposiud) the solution is then be present, it must be carefully waibtd away poured away, and tho class vessel rinsed with I before treating the precipitate with ammonia. strong hydrochloric acid. Chlorine is then .r,,.. fTi. ...i formed, but not enough to cause inconvenience; i Vabikoamu Corns riiwn.-Cotton thread and aeting in the nascent state on the organic may be dyed iu two or three col or. by oonrlnR matters, it speedily converts thm into substi- tome parts with ILiilntiX "ceM m BC,U"T"1""- J iumcieutly tight when the skeiu. are Intro- Flax. A Pennsylvania farmer writea that . duced into the dye bath, the protected parts he raises twenty-four bushels to the acre. In remain white; and by protecting the dybd por Illinois, the crop U not quite so good as wheat, 'tion. and unwrapping the white portion, the yield ranging from seven to sixteen bush- another color may be applied. ScienJitc Amtn els. can. M j The history of the introduction ol phosphorus corresponds with that of mnny othr most im. i. portant (incuts. It remained (or more than n his own machinery, iu n cord uncounted miles onu, nnd dispatched by the ton together, for use in both hemispheres. The chemist still Uvea in London who first produced phosphorus for use by tho friction match manufacturers at $2,500 per pound. Now demand aud competi tion havo reduoed tho price so low that n liugle Sound can bo bought in this city for about one ollar. The article is not made in this country, but wo can see no reason why it may not be, as wo havo the necessary materials, bones and i:.x."'M"rcr"u ,.: --r.:ri ;."". i.r; coal iu abundance. J. no production ot puos I'"" Vw",u" ' "'"lu """ ""J1 -"i"" " , i.. nu w '" ... enulros u laruo cousuuiptii 100 pounds of coal are rt quired to socuro oue j,0,Vu' 0,'n, t,eml" "l Bucu. M ITlie labor, also. Is pound of tho elemout, und the intensity of the rapiuiy destroy apparatus, not only disagreeable, but rery i P" W-uo rooKs in ims oouniry ami eisuw iierc, has set at nil rest appreheuslous of this nature .. r.., - . o luvo;,hospUorus enough nuietly resting in ! Sontd Carolina rock be.ls. to meet the lmands of tho world for thousands of c-mtit . ? 1 " 0" V" niIoni couctrtilnB n ull supply, at cheap rates of tho iudijpensablo 'friction matches, during his own lifetime at nsi. .mm uuur. p., hj Tub Asulo-Fbkncu Toxsjx. At n meeting of tho British Society of Civil Engineers, Mr. Joseph l'restwicb, veteran goologitt, whoso namo has been Ioiil' couueoted with i!eoi:nottl. cal research iu the London basin, read n paper Friction Matches. -r j The Corrosion ! Boilers. -, r, , Dr. J. SKi4dmr,-U. .-., oomiuuuicates to Van Nos'traiid's Engbiccripg tfyailtie a papnr pointing out the probable cause ol the destwc tlon of boiler tubes, aud describing experiments which show lb deterioration or pitted condi tion of tboso portions of. the generator whioh are immersed iu the water to be due to tbo ac tion of oleato of copper. Tho presence of this substance is accounted for bv the df composi tion ot the olente oil used lu lubricating the pis ton into oleic acid nud glycerine, a sufficient frlctional heat being raised to thus net upon tho thin film of oil between tho surfaces. In the condenser the brass tubeo are exposed to tho powerful comminuting Impact of steam at a high temperature and pressure, and this snb stauce is thus finely divided and placed under the most favorable circumstances for union with tho tree oleic ncid which the steam brings with it. Oleato of copper is thou formed in the coudeuser. aud appears in bright green, greasy masses, which are rarrjed from condenser to boiler. A quantity of this substance, settling upououoof the iron boiler tubes nnd adhering thereto, causes both a deposition of copper and absorption of iron. Being insoluble, its actlou is confined to tho Burfaco of contact, hence the small holes characteristic ot this kind of injury, Copper, howover, it Is found, will adhere only to perfectly Binooth iron, nnd since boiler tubes nro nevor in this condition, each deposit is quickly removed and a fresh iron snrtuco oon tluually exposed. Sldeu's apparatus, men tioned iu the report of tho engineer ot the navy, ns n preventative of this difficulty, consists in a long iron box fitted with a steam-tight cover and placed bctwttfn condenser aud boilers. The box is divided into compartments by dia phragms of felting, pervious to water, and the compartments themselves aro filled with coko. In referring to tho placing of alkalies In this filter, Dr. Kidder rematks thnt soda is of questionable advantage, nud that llmo is theo retically the best, nud thon when only used lu connection with a frcsli water boiler. At Heck er'a mills, tho condensed water, after leaving tbo filter, is treated with ntmospherio air foroed through it from below. Tho resulting water is perfectly free from taste or odor, and quite palatable. It seems posslblo that tho hlthorto insuperable difficulties iu tho way of freeing condensed water on shipboard from n ccrtalu unpleasant empyreiimntio odor may bo over come by similar treatment. An apparatus for determining tho inflamma bility of petroleum oils intended for illumina tion has been contrived by M. Oramor. It con sists of ii metallic cylindrical vessel closed with a movable covor, in tho center of which is n hole. Through this hole projects n wick, which is inserted iu a tuba soldered to tho bottom. Another bole in tho cover allows of a thermom eter being fitted into tho apparatus, which when used In about two-thirds filled with tho ull to bo tested; tho wick is then lighted, and as soon as any iullauimnblo vapor is evolved, a slight puff takes place, which extinguishes the light, when tho' temperature marked by the thermometer is noted. The results nro said to bo very accurate, nud tho test can bo made iu a shorter timo than lu tho ordluary way with a water bath. Domestic Ecoflopy Oatmeal. Wo proposo to dovoto n short artlclo to oat meal and its uses. Fejhaps this niay bo the moro suitable, as tho present price ot brend stuffs is so very high thnt mnny who cannot easily afford to purchase whenton broad in tho quantity nud of tho quality which they hare lieen accustomed to use, may bo glad to bear of a Bubitanoo at onco good and comparatively cheap, by which it may bo partially replaced. To a very great number of people the valuo of oatmeal is little known; although tho prejudice ngaiust it, long cntorUincd, as nti artlclo of food rather fit for tho lower animals than for human beings, lias of Into, in sotno measure, given place to a raorejnst opinion, especially amongst tho educated classes, who nro capablo of appre ciating the valuo of tho favorable verdict of chemists nnd physiologists. It is now well known thnt no other kind of grain la so nutri tiotis as oats; nnd tho facility with whioh it Is grown on soils not rich enough, and in situa tions not warm enough for wheat, recommends it very strongly, us fitted to yield a very consi. derablo part of our food supply. Oatmeal is a principal article of food ot the poasantry of Scotland, and until nearly tho und of Inst cen tury amongst tboso of the north of England. In more ancient times oats formed tbo prin cipal ooro crop of most ptrts of England; but as agriculture improved and tho cultivation ex tended, wheaten bread wns naturally preferred by those who could ufford it; the uso of oat meal became mure nud more limited to the poorer classes; and on this very account was as much ns posslblo avoided by thostt who, iu respuat of wualth, bjrtb, or profession, made pretensions of superiority. Another circiim btaucv which greatly tended to restrict tho use of oatmeal where It was formerly general, waa the convenience with which wheaten bread could bo procured from the bakor's shop, a matter ot especial impoitancu when almost nil tho members of a family were umplojed lu manufactories. Tho revived popularity of oat cake has reountly led to tho exjiosuro of different kinds of it for sale in bakers' aud other shops, particularly in Scotland. Tho iraiu of oats intended for human food is generally prepared by tx lug ground Into menl; althongh It Is also used iu tho form of 'jrimlt; that Is, ol grain denuded ol its liusk, aud merely broken into fragments, oatmeal Is of two kindl both oommun in nil shops in which It is Hold fine meal, nud coarse or round meal. For various purposes some, prefer tho onu and some the other. There is no difference In quality, but merely in tho degree In whioh tho gTain has betiu triturated iu tho mill. Oatmeal is principally used in two ways, tor the making of porridge and of oat-cakes. Por ridge is a principal article of food of the Scot tish peasantry, generally ucoouijiauled with milk, when milk can Ui obtuined; although when milk is scarce butter Is sometimes used, sometimes sugar, aud sometimes treacle lieer. For most peopl, iu asouud condition of health, there is no more wholesome artlclo of food than porridge and milk, none that contains u large r proportion both of llesh forming and heat-producing substances; whilit to almost all who have ever been accustomed to Its use, it is ex tremely palatable. Generally speaking, there Is no better article of food forthu nursery, none more likely to maintain u healthy condition of the ktomach, or to give vigor to the frame; al though there are exceptional cases, both among the young and among adults, in which the use oi purnuge is uuhuimuiq, pruuuujuu puiuiui distension of the stomach and indigestion. Whilst the caprices of children ought not to be heeded in such a matter, the actual couditlous ol their constitution ought to be carefully ob served and regarded. Porridge It in gouerul mule by simply tailing oatmeal In water, stir .. " I.. i. t. .1.1 .I--: -...i-.j-.i ring all the.whil to prevent singeing, and to sicuro the tbdronjiaintxture of the meal and waterf iutcf a.homogtnejiiis mns without knots. Tho quality of porridgo very much depends ou the nmomit or boiling i whioh -it ieoolvts. It cannot bo too thoroughly heated. Impetfectly boiled oatmeal porridgo is ft vory coarse article of food; nnd, unfortunately, much of tho por ridge used is of this character; nud tho porridge prepared for tho nnrvery 14 often no belter, through tho carelessness ot the servants who wish to get through their work with ns little trouble, ns possible. It is not nearly so diges tible, and therefore not so nutritious as porridge really well mode. A common mistake in tho making of porridgo must also hero bo noticed, ns tending much to tho deterioration of its quality, the adding ot menl by degrees whilst tho boiling gpes ou, until tho proper thickness is acquired; tho result being that part ot the meal is imperfectly boiled. Tho cook ought to know tho proper proportions of moal and water knowledge uot very difficult to acquire aud mix them at onco, so thnt nil tho meal may bo ennnllv well boiled. But it is to bo ob served that tho water must bo boiling before the meal is put In, which is not to bo Intro duced In n mast, but, as it were, strained through the fingers, handful by handful, ns quickly as possible. Whey is sometimes used, inslcad of water, for tho making ot oatmux! porridge, and affords n very sgreeablo variety to those in tho habit of using porridgo every day. Milk porridgo is another variety esteemed ns nn especial luxury by the Scottish peasantry, nnd is certainly both a very agreeable nnd n very nutritious article ot food. Whether flno oatmeal or coarse oatmeal should bo used, for tho making of porridgo is merely a matter of taMo Tho iu 'st hastily ptepired and Imperfectly boiled porridge is very superior to brose, yet broso is n form iu which oatmeal has long been verv generally used, nt least in Scotland, and is stilt ued by many of the agricultural laborers. It Is mado by merely pouring lulling wnter upon oatmeal and stirring it akmt. The result Is a coarse, pasty mass, with numerous kuots imbedded in it. of oatmeal almost raw; n verv cosrsn kind of food, on which, however, with tho addition of milk, uiauy farm lalxircra tuaiuly subsist, often using it as their ouly article of diet three times n day. Oatmeal Ih mado luto bread bv being merely mixed with water, kneaded, and rolled out, by n wooden roller, Into thin cakes, which nro baked on an iron plate (ScoU'uv, a ijlnllt), sus pended over a tiro. Sometime oat-cakes nro mado with hot water and sometimes with cold water; but those mado with hot water uro tougher than thoso made with cold wnter; which, it otherwise well mado, are preferable. Much, however, depends on tho Kneading, nud tho que t Ion: "Is she n good baker?" moaning n good baker ot oatmeal used to bo it common ono before tho engagement ot a domestlo ser vant in some parts of Scotland. Oat-cako cm hardly be mado too thin; tho thinnest oat-caho is almost certainly tho best. Oat-cako soon loses its agreeable character by imbibing wnter from the atmosphere; but if placed before tho tiro till dried, mid cooled, it become almost as good its when newly made. With butlnr, or with cheese, it Is it most agree ablo nrticlo of food. I'ood .nunuif. Wasiistasii IIamins andCaiunkt Htaniw. In fitting on the marble top, tint pottion at front should uot bo kept any broader than is neces sary for strength, ns it is disngroenbln for tie parties using tho wash-stand to havo to lean forward loo far. Iu arranging tho husin on the stool, tho plumber ought, thereforo, to see that nt most the stool only projects about nufr half inch beyond tbo outer top edgo of the basin or cabinet hUnd. Iu sotting vixbluut stands and basins, the plumber generally uses putty, or a mlxturo of putty nud whlto lend; uud to mnko tbo putty ad hero, tin bottom of tho basin is well rubbed with it softened plooe of tallow, or a tallow caudle, or tho bottom of tho basin may bo boated and then rubbed over with tho tallow, Jiiiiiucfurtriiiuf llulUltr, How to Kkki' IIuttku Cool,, (tot n large flour pot, plug up tho holu with it sound cork ami aval it. Now put it quarter-brick ur other square, heavy body in the bottom, to servo as it support for a siroiul, but smaller pot, which must be plugged up iu tho sauio manner. Place it dish under tho outer pot, and eovor with any cover you please, provided It bo not metallic. Now till tho spucn iH'tweim tho Inner uud outer pot with water. Tho butter will keep us firm as a rock, as cool as a cucumber. Clkas'sinu Lack. Point, or any kind of fine lace, may bo cleansed easily by soaking it ill it preparation of snpolliio and warm water. If this is not procurable, ammonia may ho used with almost oqual t ffeet. Lot it soak till tit to rinso'iu piiro warm water; then lay it ou tho Ironing-board over clean linen, and iron lightly on tho wrong side with it uool iron. Afterward pin the laco on tho liueii-oovurtd Ismrd, Insert ing a plu iu every open loop to keep tho pattern clear. A Ooop Taiilk Kauck. Take ono gallon ot tomatoes, wash nnd simmer in threo quarts ot water until nearlv doue; Mriu through a sieve; add two tablespoon! ills ot each of thoso spices, ginger, mace, bUck pepper, iilbplouaud salt, uud one oicayouuo pejiper; noil d one (mart: nour iu one-half pint best v to and then pass through a hair sinvo. Bottle in half. pint bottles; cork and seal securely, and keep In u cool puco. To Polish Tins, First rub jour tins with n dry cloth; then take dry flour nud rub it on with jour hands; afterwards, take nn old nowa paper nud rub the flour off, and tho tliw will nhlno ns well ns If halt au hour had Iwen spent nibbing them with brick dust or powder, which spoils tho hands, Fou Blkacuino Mi'si.in, One pound of chlo ride of llmo to forty yard of musllu; soak tbo muslin in soft water over night, melt the limn In a pot of'water; then put tho muslin ill for hult uu hour; Iheiirimu throo.tlmon; soak in soft wnter over night; then hang out to dry. Fuunitciik Oil. Mil half a pint of olive oil with ono mnd of soft soap. Boll them well, and apply tho mixture to your oiled furniture with u piece of dry cotton wool. Polish with a soft, dry flannel. To Clean Mjiulic. To cluunso marble stain ed with irou rust, apply lemou-juloe to it with a clean rag aud wash with warm water II soiled with dirt, wash it with Map and Paris white. Floou Oil-Cloths. Havo tho dust wiped from them often; but uso soap and sorobbing. brush seldom, as they wear off thu paint. Use no hot wator. Monstku Enoi.sk IIklts. Wo had the pleas ure, a few days kince, of examining a monster engine-belt. It was 41 inches wide, 8'J7 feet long, ami weighed 'AWMJ pouuds, Jt Is diQlcull to draw ant comparison that will giro a person who has never seen one of these belts un ade quate iileu of their magnitude. This belt was made for the Toledo Elevator compauy, It took oue of our heaviest New York four-wheeled trucks and a stout team of bays to transport it I to the place of shipment. CW und Iron Hte, Poilt-THY Yv10 Capons. For Roaring Chicken,'' l ! A ' M From tht fsttfie fcnrsl Tress.) ' In a recent issue of tho Pakss. wa promised to give our readers a nicro detailed account ot this nroeeas whtnh tha most advanced of nonl. "try men havo adopted. Tho considerations wtitcn nave Induced them to adopt it are pre cisely tho satuo that should insure its gonoral use. ' Tho ndvantages claimed for it are, that capons will cover a larger brood of ohickens than hens; they will adopt a promiscuous group ot different ages and parentage, they aro less rcstivo when In repoe, nnd better protec tion In time ot dnuger; they nro less pnrtlnl in distributing food among tho chicks, aud rarely trample upon or throw them nbout by violent scratching. They exhibit moro judgment in taking homo nud housing their broods; thoir timo is less valuable than that ot the hens, and that they manifest more real attachment to the young lu their charge than Is bestowed upon them oy their mothers. Our readers will bo less ready to admit this last claim than any other in the list. Wo con fess that we were n little incredulous In regard to other points as well as this, ami it was to satisfy theso doubts that wo mado an especial visit to ouo ot tho most noted poultry yards in tho State; and, judging from ohcorvnllon nnd reliable tostlmony, wo aro prepared to eudorse this, with other claims for tho capon for rear ing chickens. Tho broods fed In cinr presenco were kindly as well as judiciously cared for by their mail guardians. Some of the points mentioned nbovo may Itosslbly seem trivial in tho estimation of many, nit wo npprohond that tho failure to mnko poultry keeping pay is attributable in rt gront degree to tho neglect of these and other points wliichgoto form a thorough system, without whioh tho department will never bo satisfactory in any respect. Tho procoss for training oapons for raising ohickens is short nnd simple Ono or two days Iveforo tho sitting period ends, the fowl is put into n box, tho top of which Is so low that (to cannot stand up in it, thus being kept in a brooding position. The timo required varies from 12 to 30 hours. Tho Ikjx is so constructed iu its circumference as well ns in hight, that ho cannot shift about, or oveu nxauiluo tho chicks as they nro placed under him. They should not be given to him until they nro thoroughly dry. Begin by glviug him ono or two only, taking pains to place thorn under him properly. Tho front of tho box being barred, so the chlaka can go out nnd In, tho capon will, within n very tow hours, maulfost an anxiety for their welfare when they go out, and the first clucking for their return may bo taken ns evldenoo thnt tho little foundlings aro duly adopted, and others may now bo added, nutting iu a few at n time until tho wholo unm ix r I supplied. Fifteen chicks is a moderaet number for ft capon to tnko lu charge. This brood, as wo stated above, may bo made up from different settings aud ages. The brood with their gnnrdinn may now bo llberntod, or placed In an ordinary coop; nnd there will bo list cause for nuxiety on the part ot tho owner than If thoro wero ono or moro hens nt tho head ot the family. Probably it prominent cause for this sensible practico receiving bo lltthi attention In this country, nrlses from tho fnct thnt tho enoiilr.ing process is so little understood hero It tho nbseiu'o of this practico is to bo attributed to our high sense ot propriety, It 'may bo truly said that we havo not shown n corresponding delloooy iu regard to any other ot our stock departments; and wo nro certainly sacrificing to this prejudice the ndvantages which nro derived from Its practico oil cattle, nwine, etc, namely; delicacy of flavor iu tho moat, nud groat economy in fattening. Wo nro either far behind, or greatly iu advance of our neighbors, iu this matter; for, among soversl foreign na tions, nearly nil the itnsles, nmong fowls, nro capouized, tho proportion left for breeding Curposss being no larger than thnt among orsts, onltlo and hwIiip. Mr. Mcchl on Poultry. This eminent English agriculturist 1ms tho following to say about Kiultryl No ono item on a farm pays so well ns a good stock of poul try properly managed. With them everything is turned to account; not it kernel, wild seed or insect, escapes their scrutinizing eyes. Their industrious claws nro over nt work, un covering, ready for appropriation, every hid den but oonsiuuablo siitistiitico. Fowls must havo free access to chalk or llmo to form thu shells of their eggs, ami grit or gravel to grind tho food iu their gizzards. They luxuriate on gruss or clover, which nro a necemlty for them. In winter they llko mangolds or sttodeM. They must bavo access to plenty of pure water. Tho quality ot tho eggs depends upon tho quality of tho food. They, like ourselves, like shado in summer, and warm, sheltered corners Iu winter. They must havo access to shelter lu wet weather, Fowls will not tio long lit ultliy on tbo sumo ground or yards tho earth gets tainted; then fore, to prevent disease, llmo nnd salt your yards and their usual pasture onco a year, say In autumn, when tha ruins ill wash It well lu and sweeten the surface. Broods of chickens never do bettor with us than ou thu grassy brows of patches abutting upon tingrowing cropi, either of com or pulse, into which they run ilther for Insects or for shelter. The roofs ot the coops should bo water-tight, and tho ooop should otteii bo re moved, having only tho natural ground for thu floor. Tho ground soon gets tainted unless you remove tho coop. Yon can hardly mnko some people good mauugersol poultry it they lack observation nnd Judgement. Thesu uro especially uecvssnry lu tho breeding of poultry. Your male birds should lw often changed, say nt least once in two years, aud they should bo jiiiiiigand vigor ous. Breeding in ami In will not do any moro thsn It will with animals. I consider winged (jamo, poultry and birds the farmer's friends. My poultry have aocosa nt nil times to my fields. Fowls aro very use ful in cleaning off Hies. I have often been amused ut sueing thu mmt mid quick inmiuor of their taking (lies from revising bullocks und sheep, much to their comfort MollTAU AMI 1'KSTI.K roll PoUNlUNd SlIKLLi. To keep poultry iu thrift, and furnish ma terial fur egg-shells, lime lu houhi form is very necessary. uvsier-Huuis aim cium-sueus uro much used, To pound these, a log of wood mnv be ftliuhtlv hollowed at ono end, and sur rounded with a piece of tiu, an opening belug ji-ft to admit tho handle of the pestlo, which is like a wooden mallet, the striking end being armed with small bolts driven luto thu wood so as to leave the heads exposed. A ring to pre vent splitting will bo nn Improvement. J'uuf fry World, Ciirr.sK Factobv Wantkii. From Franklin, Sacramento county, a corresiondent writea that dairymen iu hi section desire that some one should start u cheese fuctory there, for which purpose liberal inducements would be offered. The milk ot from five to eight hue dred cows could be obtained for the factory. I as in the neighborhood mentioned many pet sous make a specialty of dairying. t7