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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (March 9, 1872)
. WtiaAME'T ME- MEMER, '.i i: orrnsj)Ottbfn. THE MANTKE QVESTIOX. Ei. Fahmuu : If tliuro Is ti qui's tlon fraught with doop interest to tho people of this valley, ft is the inamiro question. Savuns, soiontNts, chemists, s well as intelligent agri culturists, horticulturists, and flor ists, all agree, ami havo earnestly advocated tho saving of every kind of rcl'iiso inattor to ho tif-ed, In the shnno of compost, or manure proper, to ho applied to all crop. It has heon said that rich land needs no manure. Is this so? rCt u4 seo : When a crop, 1( matters not what hind, has hecn grown on, and taken oir, a plcce.of land, It hits' lost just as much nutritious substance as formed the straw, chad', blades, grains of that crop. Continue, this for it series of years and there will bo iv falling oil' of tho crops ; each suc ceeding lighter than the preceding, till you wonder why your crops fall. Tho cause is plain. You havo been constantly extracting from, and add ing nothing to, the land. Hence then and necessarily tho land must fall. Continually taking out of tho meal tub and putting none in, soon leads us to the bottom. Then what '.' Shall wo whine and llnd fault with tho tub? Or shall we, liko sensible per sons, keep putting In as much as we take out. Then tho tub's all right, ain't It? Jow, tho question conies up, how are wo to know Just how much ma nure, and of what kinds, to apply on a given crop, and at tho same time knowjust what kinds, and how much tho laud needs, taking into consid eration tho nature and adaptation of tho soil, for the given crop ? This question fully answered, tills tho bill. I'll try. Squarely, then, to tho point. You wish to grow wheat. What then, are the constituents of a good wheat toll? Theyaro: Organic mut ter, silicic, acid, alumina, lime, mag nesia, oxide of Iron, potash, soda, chlorine, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid. There are others, but these nro enough for our purpose now. No -oil will produce good crops of wheat unless it abounds in tho above plant-food. Mt soils in this coun try poyo.-s .tho requisites for a good wheat growing land when now, or has beeneropped. Hence, nowly set tled countries are proverbial for their flno grain.? ami vegetables. Wo will know what kinds, mid Just how much manure to put on tho laud by know ing how much wo havo taken oir. Wo will lllustrato : Suppose, a farmer sells5,00((bushelsof wheat in ono sea son. Ho has (-old, and lost to bis laud, Just as much plant-food as it took to produce tho wheat, and what straw ho foolishly burned up. Now, in every hundred bushels of wheat there aro nlxty yoiimln of phosphoric acid alone, to say nothing of other ingredients. Hero aro tho figures : There aro 5,000 bushels of wheat, equal toMo.OOO pounds which divided by KM), tho result is .1,000 ; ami this sum multiplied by CO, amounts to .160,000 lbs of phosphoric acid, lo-it to the land, and nothing returned" Ox ygen, hydrogen, and carbonic acid being furnished by water and air, need not bo supplied by us In apply ing manure. Allow then, simply as an-examplo, one half of the entire weight of the wheat for what oxy gen, hydrogen, and carbonic add supply. Wo bring in figures again : HO multiplied by o.OOO equals 150,000 lb. ofplant-food taken from ono farm, In ono year, and nothing but a little stubble returned. How long will the farm last ? Is tho hill filled ? Aro not the old wheat fields of French Prairie, of Tualatin Plains, of Linn County, already showing a decllno; still the cry is, Wo must ralso and sell more wheat, moro wheat. Aro we not acting a suicidal part In selling oir, in tho form of grain, our naturally splendid soils, tho only real riches wo have, and returning nothing to tho land ?.Is this all ? Let us look at this great question in another lhjht : Wo raise cattle, horses, hogs, sheep, etc., on our farms. They eat grass. Wo pasture them. Now, c'Vory ani mal sold Is so much gras or plant- food1 gnho lost to the land. Tho horns, bones,' hair, olTall, beof, tal low, when sold, is so much lost ex tracted from our pasturos. If we sell the bttttor and checso from twenty cows, during the grass-growing sea son, for each cow, thero Is taken from the soil, In the form of the phosphnte 'of lime alone, fifty lbs ; thus,i!0 imil- ! tiplled by f0, equals 1,000 lbs. of boue- fonnlng material lost In tho butter I and cheese from these cows. The great doctrlno of the corrrht (ton of forces, or tho doctrine of citrfc , TVf,isonoon which hangs all that Is true, and important. When n fann er sells one hundred pounds of food to a consumer, to keep up n Jut equl 1 poise In tho nature of things, he should require of that consumer, tho oxcremontltlous matter of the food, 1 In return, as an equivalent, to bo np ' piled to the land. You'll say that can't bo done. That's wind's the mat ter. .Still the force of circumstances, 'or necessity, may yet teach us that I in order to flourish, wo must abso lutely bo controlled by tho great and , fundamental laws of tho correlation of, and conservation of forces. Lie big, tho great agricultural chemist, says, "Farmers, If you wish to keep up your land1', when you take n load of produce to the city, bring bnckn load of manure, and thus restore (o tho land what you took from It." Here, then, l.s tho doctrlno put in practice, of truo farming, JJoechcr said, "Wo must educate, wo must educate, in ordor to keep up with tho age." Wo must manure, wo must manure In ordor to keep up tho fer tility of our soil. Is tho 1111 titled ? PiuiAvAdiiiror.A. Salem, Oregon, Feb. 10, 187i. For llio Karmor. COXVKIISATIOXS. If this winter does not leach the farmers some lessons, certainly they will be hard to learn. In tho mutter of shelter for stock and saving feed particularly. Oregon has ceased to lw tho stock miser's paradise, when all that would be necessary would bo to increase the number of animals to Increase tho number of dollars. The native grasses aro being fed out, and soon stock men must turn their at tention to either constant feeding In in winter, or produce some kind of green feed either from improved gras-es, or early fall or June wheat. A stock-raiser must have shelter of somo kind, and where thero Is good timber sheds of largo dimensions could be made of boards or shakes very cheaply. I think every farmer needs a largo shed to havo all his btraw under as his grain is threshed, ami this would save reloading it, and if it was fixed so the stock could eat It whenever they chose, the labor of feeding would bo saved, and the stock would do better. This question of grasses Is u seri ous one, and I should like to hear from farmers who havo any grass that will grow In winter. Tho or chard grass is better than none upon tho hills, but does not do so well on ' I..... I.. .1.1. luw iiuun. Winter rye and winter oats are recommended by some as being very good for sheep rind young stock, hut fall plowed land or summer-fallowed Is too soft in winter for cattle or horses ; hence, if possible, tho farm ers must obtain somo grass adapted to our peculiar seasons. In the matter of uuderdralnlng thero nro experiments to bo made, for open ditches aro liable to be plowed and wash tho loo-osoll away. I have nn open drain that Was dug somo years ago, nvcraging when first dug, about two feet by two feet ; now In some places it is n largo stream threo or four feet wldo, and us deep. This open ditch reclaimed several acres of waste land, which now pro duce flno grass which beforo pro duced vino maple, underbrush and briars. This ditch cost about 10 cents per rod, owing to so many roots and stumps. A ditch through nn ordi nary swalo can bo plowed out at very little cost, nnd by taking Mr. Her rcu's plan with fir ikjIos an under drain could be mado pretty cheap. Wc have not tried this plan, but It is not expensive, and It might do al most as well as tiles. Tho brush question Is becoming jmporthnt.' 'SlWcd thOflres set by the Indians have ceased to destroy tho undergrowth, thousands of acres of laud have become worthless, and to reclaim those lauds it will cost more than to buy u prairie, farm, but these lands are owned and men are forced to pay taxes upon them; hence tho necessity of clearing them In some permanent way. If the growths of the small tlr aro cut down and burnt, In a fow ycars.aU tho slumps will rot out, and splendid pasture grass will grow among thoiu. The oak grubs enijuot bo gotten rid of so easi ly, for they will sprout and reinstate themselves If not fed by sheep close ly. In this way 1 havo grubbed considerably. Hut the grubbing hoe with strong nnd willing hands, or ,tho grubbing windlass, is the best means to get rid of tho oak grubs. IIaiii) Wouns. The Oakland it'nl.) A rt(v culls the "California Immigrant Association" a begging fraud, and suvsthu Institution Is " hmninlnir the Legislature for $l!0,000 to eneourago Immigration ; tout Is, to misrepresent the actual condition of thlugsherenud swindle Immigrants Into coming hero to become the neons and tenants tit will of scoundrelly land-grabbers." If nil this lie true, California must lion nice and attractive State for Immi grants. A r.iTTM: dissolved alum Is very effective in clearing muddy water. If thrown into a tub of soap-suds, tho soap, curdled and cccniupunicd by the niudy particles, sinks to tho Iiot tom, leaving the water clear and pure. In times of scarcity of water this may bo Used a second time for washing clothes. Tin: monk who was recently tried in ltome for murder, has been found guilty, anil sentenced to twenty years' hard labor. This Is tho first instance of n monk's being tried by nn ordinary criminal court. Hence forth in Italy the clergy are on tho samo tooting iiciorc tno law Willi other citizen. Tho killing was not denied, but drunkenness was plead ed in defense. How many of our lady readers ev er dreamed that wo send to Oroat llrituln annually, fifteen million dol lars in gold for the single article of spool cot ton" Wlllliun Ifurmnn of Wasco county, has been appointed and commissioned Statu Deputy O. V. (, T. and Statu Lecturer of tliu (iood Templars. Read Physician's Certificates Below II J A Most Efficient and Pleasant Tonic. TIim nittra Af prfptrf 4 from th mo I choir And wholtuiiit Ltiib feud rmjU. arni have itttru unlTerwl MtMmjou wtirrwr tried. lliouwiiW Cj(iJ)tievUchfttlopn1 rlif tlirqiuli ibir Uk. nnd lUijiirUntrpcomiiKnil llniulr lit (timm all W nt b blow) Had mtf, m4 IrrvgaUt itlvi of tli'tdltftfititeorinn, .-..,., HtatUitiil.tlUiou-nMttnit Contlpllon.Cinfrml nihility and Lonof Ai'pvtite, Mr rauiHt hv ttia Ur&ntfvrufnl of tka htumacti. J.ittr au.l nUirr ftinctionirlranf lli rtm. fh( IM lUttrraiiaTH bratiucMfa)lyu(1aii(t am urriiU4 W wU ruU tUu auUcfer la alt tUe atuva cuv. .. crimnoATiis. irR. H. r.rtiri- Aixn (ivullriiMU, I UltapUauralnHAlInf thatirra .t idvoiir iv Uhl hive cirtfullv tt-hUil and nam Utitlm aatnjila nf jour IM oitttr. wbirh jou (ut vio, ami llo lit notonly anftfrival.l Ilitttr, iat alo mia thai cannot fair V Unebual aa .OOM..UJ woro! la"flolilA m . D, Cur axo rorjTTT HriTAL, bta Tranclaco, Jnn aOlti, IVlt , , .... I hiiv oarwftlUy rimlwal Dr. IWnlnj a IXL Wltfra. ami bv fllrJtu iVini anything which could Injur Ttn the iaot ilultat constitution irum tbi cootwtiuttn nt ib Jim era, aa far at I im ilU to dtnoin It. I abouM Jurl that lit XU Uitttr moal baa irry frinnl rrniflv In VajMpMa. Imlijr"aUon, Loaaof Apftlt andalmU ar rAmplalnw. hMntt r6intAai of a numhar of VtcUbUrirura wbin ara ftiudly um-iI India t of tlai natuta aiid ar of lb trrvatuit AtaWhlUn. r,.0CJ. D Ait'tRes. rbyilclin Apothrcanr O. C. Ilott'llit. KriTr Awiiu'i Orrut, Hw rrtnclwo, Jul t MkM.I!.EriiTrj!4Ch-f.nti. t hirmt4k eUffulrsklaUMtloiiAf foir 111. fliltm. uid htt fouail thtra rntirely frr ol 4Utri6(W jaiarl abt&aci Vouri, te . . . 4. IUH KAIJiEVAU, BUt. Aimtw. Bwtrf UiufttrflU. IC4) KauitM wtthaut Dr. Hauler liutur cro lh tup of mcIi boltU. t T.vrrjr Fnmlly ahould bnvt llollle la tho aw, HM evrrjrhr, XI. 13ITKI?f, Hol fropiMarf. No, ll Front 8trtt, hw Vtu.eiKO, fl. fPiMHiZHffll Books and Stationery. ' (Sticvi'i-tot 16 Itarri A llolnvtn,) 87 From src, PortLiid, orr, tiniorlft,WlioK'nilf ninlllrllllp!ilriitii School Books, Miscellaneous Books, Blank Books, and STATIONERY. IVntl.iiitly tm luml rfry vntlclj f bt'HOOl. llOOlvS iitnl In Hie St.ilo, ninl nt I.OWKST ruti'f . THE OBLZ3BXIATXJD OHIOKERING PIANO n MASON .0 HAMLIN" OKfiANS. Gllili V STI'.ICI. AkciiK for Orom &"l Wnhlni(loii TiTtlloiy. T7" I'rloon l.rriillr llrilurrtl. S..M cllliiT fur CASH ..r im INSTAI.MI'.XTS. 'aiii:iiiiik 87 I'roiil SI root, up ttnlrn. I'urll.inil.S.'IH. 2I.1S71 If. ICILL, STEEL & CO f lll'AI.HUK IN .jaft3&wu' BOOKS, STATIONERY Musical Instruments, SCHOOL BOOKS. Aiii:n'i:iiai. ahsoutmkxt or tiii: iii:st btamUnl I'lihllcatluiiK, TKACIIKltS' lllKJIIISITKM, Snrli n flhilic", Mapi, Cliarti', Crajonii, Call llrIN, l(i' anl, ic. Misci:u.Asnoi's hooks. A ernrral aonrlmrnl, nml rrrrylblnff pnlill'liril In llir tlnitiil Stati-n nr Huropii linputlitl lu urdi r iiiirtnirt luillci'. Wv Invito ppclal allmitluii to our ktock nf Mason & Hamlin Organs, THE 1IK8T IN THIS WOllMM OIIICKHIIINO, MAIUSC1IAIX MIITAUKII. Ami i:.Mi:itS0N I J 3ST O S3 ! n.UTKS, VIOMNS, ACCOIIDKONS, AC, At". A roinpli'lo annnrlniriil i.f MI'SIC ISSTIHT. TION HOOKS. t AalB. H. D. BOON, BOOKS, STATIONERY MUSIC, Periodicals, Newspapers, Wall Paper, AM Musical Instruments tiij: t'i:i.cniiATi:i) BURDETT ORGANS ....iSll... Hollott and Gumston's Pianos Ala)aun laud. Thio Innlniminli aro I'AVOIIITKS ltli alt mmlclam, ami llil Sture la Ilia iniirt nf all who wltU lo buy Uuwla c Uap. II. D. BOON, L'ummtrclal ntntt, Haln, I)oc3. Seed Wheat. O f(fi ni'HIIKI.8 CHOICE WIIITK CHILI Jd.yJW CLUII Hi'ltl.Ntl WIIKAT furAJoal my riildi-nte, alx inlU-4 loath of Albany, At I.CO per Hualiil. JtiiSO 2ia. MAItTi.N LVVRti. I TT1 nai I j ITTiiiT'Trn i 1 1 i i sonyiiiucw! ! BOSWELI.'S ' standard Fruit Dryer. pf E Uj Ph Iron Hoator, Broad Raisor, Dairy Hoator, &c, o o ?r u i rsr ia i : 1osrnvi:i.Y tiii: most l-uoriTAiiu: mi.i . ui-rfiil lut rut Inn of thoiitMiimt'liiltithMp iii-Kii, ilnriiMllty ninl itiiihhii), nml inn lo appUcil In n Krrnlrr nrlcly of iiiir'ii"i, llmti nny iiUu-rliia. ihliii'i'tlnnl, As a Fruit Dryer, It H.nidf iiiirltnliil.niul liukiinnlo.li:i'il ly mIimi title mrn ! riililnlii llio onl) Irilu rlnrli-U'H tor ilrjlti); rriilt.uml In io iltiilo lu I'liimtrurtlnii Hull n iiuti' chlM at uiiru luulir-ininN nml Kpi'mlrK II. As a Room Hoator, Tin' I'rl.umtli' I'jIIihIit riiiKNilniti'ii llio linil, liriiltcii tin- riirlmii, nml iriului' iunn lirnt limn miy ollirrkuntMi ili'lii', Hhlch. Iii'Iii tllHrlt'iiUM liy tin' iH'rrunili'il rM In ilnulilo tiirri'iil 'f lint n lr. Mill lirat Iwii, llirn', or rw'ii four mnniK (IT linipi'tly ikiiih'lIiiI) mIHi Wh fiiil linn any mm nf ilu rnnui nrnma tan In- lu'.itril Hi tin- Mnin irniirr atnri' by nny ptmi' nr lunlliii; nppimlim In hit, Hlilli'm tin' mini' lime ll (lolnnm all iiiivIiiiik (; r, KiirliiKa lili'iiiumt ami lii'illfiy nltnorplii'ti' iiiul onl ti'iiipi'rnluii' lliriiuliiMii all thniipiitliiH'iilK. In llio umiiniT Him', uIiIIoIhiIIIiii llio !( ki'llli', milking tiui't. lu'ullnu Iron. Ac, dyii hIiirIi) tattn llu'i-i'iiirri'iilKnr linn nri'tiiiiuil Intit Hip untnlilu line, ninl llni lion 1 1 rmio'ly Ml In III" tiwin. As a Olothos Dryor, IT HAS NO COMl'irriTOIt, nml liiriir knimii Ik IihIIiiI w IIIi iIi llchi l.y llir. Uillrn, a tin- uri'ali'rt lnliur'rnlliliiiiilliiinr tlinni'. In Lumbor Drying, Tho prim Iplca nf llil Inti nllnii, n nj'plli'.l, ntr InrnliiiiMniiiiil ullliinitiiiiiipitllliiii. MII.UNi:itS, IIAKKKt, CIIIAK MANI'I'ACTl' IIKIIS AM) OTIIIMtS Will llml It cri'ally In tin lr ilihinitn -i' In pimi tliln ninililiiciiml Iiivi'.IIiiIi' li prnpriiliii. Wit riiiilil puMUti roluinii' of lcfllninnl.il frnni tliiilnrt ililrm nf Ohio, liiilliimi, Illinois, Mlihl Ciin, Iiihii. nml i.llur Sliiti'f, nf ll Mipi'tlnrlly utiT any liivinl lull of ihiiiini', Iml in Urn iiiiirlilnu Iiiu.t rliimlmi ll nwn MCKITS, ll miirl Im i-irn III up cnillnii In Ik' fully appri Inli il. FAnMKIIS, IlIIINfl VOIII KAMI 1.1 IM Tu in. tiiii Boowoll Hoator and Dryor. It li'ially wlml tun tant ami mill, ii'uanlli'rn of liny ilr'hoiiMinr kiln )nu mar now li.-lU'. Wir ilu not h-k joii lulniya roniplii-atloii of p.nliiit rlshK, iinrilv fioni an rximiliiallmi of a iiiihIfI; liul iiniir anil n n llio full UiJ nmi lilnn pvrfuiin lla work n rrprrm nti'il, TIiitmI mi lltxllln Him!', (.'hurrli. Seminar) , I'nlilli' Hall, lloti'lor KvlilMriinl, tiinhlrli tlila lua rhino In mitapplli'iilili', linflll ainl pniDlnMi. I.uilli'.illiil ui'iilHiii'ii, you ant tPMnilfiilly Ilivl liil In roll anil (laiiilmithtwniirhlmiliirjiiiirM'lvi'ii, fur III lliipiinrllilu Ilia l-lxil 1 mix rl lr-i nn-iit liu'liu iiii-rali- xt 1. 1 lie l-ihhI iiimlillri or Ihla truly Muuikr fill, yit rlmpli', KAMII.V KIIICNl). ItySiivi'iiclalni.aru iuril hy hllorn pal ml, uhUh plaro II lit'joml tin' rrmli of n iltul. Thniriili.rrllii'r, IiihIiik piirchiiifil llm i'ilui.o rl:(htforllnStaliiiif Oni;oii, U iiiiwinumifiirliirlrK llii'jil fur mIi, nn Slain Strut, lu hiili'in, win run vaili-tyof rlihwaml iiiuiirhlmiln iiprrnlloii uui ho ret u nt any Uiiiu. Opiuoltu (IIII, Mi 1 1 Si C'ii.V IkHik Store, II ll. Hulriii, Ori'SMi. Hill I'.MIH, Noil Willamette University, SAXJ3IVT, OXISaON. flinnoi.DKSTANDI.AmiKSTINCOIII'OUAT I. id Silii.nl In Ori-'iui Clnri-litil, ) iiiiiiniriUI. Normiil. amlbrlriitlnci'ii'tn-rKiif Nimlr. I'lirTiill llirorinnlli.il, mlilii'.H llio I'ri-rlili-nl, T.'M OlTCli. nr (' n'tKIIIIV. Hi-p, s, IKil. Hmitury lluanl nf Tnulrci, Ayer's Cherry Pectoral. l'or l)lm'iii i' tho 'I'h run I nml I.IIIIU't lll'll n !iimliN, 'lllll, VlioiiiliiK Cuuuli, llriiliilillU, Amliliui n ll l CiiiiKiiniptloii, TiKifuwmnipn.ltlftn', u IiIlU litti o il on Ihn urn llilrnin nf mmikliiil nml lK-riiiiolioiii hnlil wnriU anioiii; not mjlynni hut IM.'lllVllH0ll.UIlltllAlll -liaurilliiury vlriiun, l'i rliap' no onu ever re- nml tu ulilu u riput'l lion nrmaliitiiluril II lon2ii AYr.n'aCliEiiiir l'HTOI)AI. It ll'ln liil'll known tu tin' imlillc t9 klHiut forty ynr, hy a long roullniinl mtIm nf nurvi-lloiK rnn-n, whlrli hiu won fur It it iimll'lrinu lu It llrtuaa, uTr rquallotl hy anynthcr niiillcliic II llllinaki'a llio iiiunlrlfcittialcuri'iinr iUiM, (W'f, (l.iiw;.i, Hint run im liiinlo liy niiillcal kll Imli'iil tliu Ciltunr I'kitoiui. ha nullymhlxil llirnulanui'r oiik dlcuf nf their ti rrur. In urtut I'Xtiui. anil Khi'ii a Ci'llii-r nf linniiiiillyfroni Ihclr filul rifi'ttn, nhlcU 1 Mi 11 fouiiilri, if Ihn rviunly Ihi taken lu neatnn Ilnry nimllythoiililliatolt In Ihelrrlutet f.ir Ilu, renilv anil lirnmnL It llrf of tin liu.nlim. hhkiiiit, nullerini;, anil i-wn II To l rnieil liy Ihla llmcly protii linn. Tliu pinilinl rhniiUI not lu'li'i t ll, ami inu win' iu uoi, icijiii nv )uu for inn jimtrcllon It alfonl lu mulilcn attackn, ami liy lla iluicly U'O, riiEi'AiiKu nr Ur. J.C. AVI'.II & Co., Lowell, ,TIna frmllKUaiut .imilttioit CAtmlttt, Anil tolil by Uru;i.'lll H arounil tho urhl. rVlTKlilTlI A DAVIS. Wholeulo Ael la. IVlIt. llml. UcV4 3m. jEjIj 1 V'Xi4a MX-ir (Wj