. WtiaAME'T ME- MEMER,
'.i i:
orrnsj)Ottbfn.
THE MANTKE QVESTIOX.
Ei. Fahmuu : If tliuro Is ti qui's
tlon fraught with doop interest to
tho people of this valley, ft is the
inamiro question. Savuns, soiontNts,
chemists, s well as intelligent agri
culturists, horticulturists, and flor
ists, all agree, ami havo earnestly
advocated tho saving of every kind
of rcl'iiso inattor to ho tif-ed, In the
shnno of compost, or manure proper,
to ho applied to all crop.
It has heon said that rich land
needs no manure. Is this so? rCt
u4 seo : When a crop, 1( matters not
what hind, has hecn grown on, and
taken oir, a plcce.of land, It hits' lost
just as much nutritious substance as
formed the straw, chad', blades,
grains of that crop. Continue, this
for it series of years and there will bo
iv falling oil' of tho crops ; each suc
ceeding lighter than the preceding,
till you wonder why your crops fall.
Tho cause is plain. You havo been
constantly extracting from, and add
ing nothing to, the land. Hence then
and necessarily tho land must fall.
Continually taking out of tho meal
tub and putting none in, soon leads
us to the bottom. Then what '.' Shall
wo whine and llnd fault with tho
tub? Or shall we, liko sensible per
sons, keep putting In as much as we
take out. Then tho tub's all right,
ain't It?
Jow, tho question conies up, how
are wo to know Just how much ma
nure, and of what kinds, to apply on
a given crop, and at tho same time
knowjust what kinds, and how much
tho laud needs, taking into consid
eration tho nature and adaptation
of tho soil, for the given crop ? This
question fully answered, tills tho bill.
I'll try. Squarely, then, to tho point.
You wish to grow wheat. What
then, are the constituents of a good
wheat toll? Theyaro: Organic mut
ter, silicic, acid, alumina, lime, mag
nesia, oxide of Iron, potash, soda,
chlorine, sulphuric acid, phosphoric
acid. There are others, but these
nro enough for our purpose now.
No -oil will produce good crops of
wheat unless it abounds in tho above
plant-food. Mt soils in this coun
try poyo.-s .tho requisites for a good
wheat growing land when now, or
has beeneropped. Hence, nowly set
tled countries are proverbial for their
flno grain.? ami vegetables. Wo will
know what kinds, mid Just how much
manure to put on tho laud by know
ing how much wo havo taken oir.
Wo will lllustrato : Suppose, a farmer
sells5,00((bushelsof wheat in ono sea
son. Ho has (-old, and lost to bis
laud, Just as much plant-food as it
took to produce tho wheat, and what
straw ho foolishly burned up. Now,
in every hundred bushels of wheat
there aro nlxty yoiimln of phosphoric
acid alone, to say nothing of other
ingredients. Hero aro tho figures :
There aro 5,000 bushels of wheat,
equal toMo.OOO pounds which divided
by KM), tho result is .1,000 ; ami this
sum multiplied by CO, amounts to
.160,000 lbs of phosphoric acid, lo-it to
the land, and nothing returned" Ox
ygen, hydrogen, and carbonic acid
being furnished by water and air,
need not bo supplied by us In apply
ing manure. Allow then, simply as
an-examplo, one half of the entire
weight of the wheat for what oxy
gen, hydrogen, and carbonic add
supply. Wo bring in figures again :
HO multiplied by o.OOO equals 150,000
lb. ofplant-food taken from ono farm,
In ono year, and nothing but a little
stubble returned. How long will the
farm last ? Is tho hill filled ? Aro not
the old wheat fields of French Prairie,
of Tualatin Plains, of Linn County,
already showing a decllno; still
the cry is, Wo must ralso and sell
more wheat, moro wheat. Aro we
not acting a suicidal part In selling
oir, in tho form of grain, our naturally
splendid soils, tho only real riches
wo have, and returning nothing to
tho land ?.Is this all ? Let us look at
this great question in another lhjht :
Wo raise cattle, horses, hogs, sheep,
etc., on our farms. They eat grass.
Wo pasture them. Now, c'Vory ani
mal sold Is so much gras or plant-
food1 gnho lost to the land. Tho
horns, bones,' hair, olTall, beof, tal
low, when sold, is so much lost ex
tracted from our pasturos. If we sell
the bttttor and checso from twenty
cows, during the grass-growing sea
son, for each cow, thero Is taken from
the soil, In the form of the phosphnte
'of lime alone, fifty lbs ; thus,i!0 imil-
! tiplled by f0, equals 1,000 lbs. of boue-
fonnlng material lost In tho butter
I and cheese from these cows.
The great doctrlno of the corrrht
(ton of forces, or tho doctrine of citrfc
, TVf,isonoon which hangs all that Is
true, and important. When n fann
er sells one hundred pounds of food
to a consumer, to keep up n Jut equl
1 poise In tho nature of things, he
should require of that consumer, tho
oxcremontltlous matter of the food,
1 In return, as an equivalent, to bo np
' piled to the land. You'll say that
can't bo done. That's wind's the mat
ter. .Still the force of circumstances,
'or necessity, may yet teach us that
I in order to flourish, wo must abso
lutely bo controlled by tho great and
, fundamental laws of tho correlation
of, and conservation of forces. Lie
big, tho great agricultural chemist,
says, "Farmers, If you wish to keep
up your land1', when you take n load
of produce to the city, bring bnckn
load of manure, and thus restore (o
tho land what you took from It."
Here, then, l.s tho doctrlno put in
practice, of truo farming, JJoechcr
said, "Wo must educate, wo must
educate, in ordor to keep up with tho
age." Wo must manure, wo must
manure In ordor to keep up tho fer
tility of our soil. Is tho 1111 titled ?
PiuiAvAdiiiror.A.
Salem, Oregon, Feb. 10, 187i.
For llio Karmor.
COXVKIISATIOXS.
If this winter does not leach the
farmers some lessons, certainly they
will be hard to learn. In tho mutter
of shelter for stock and saving feed
particularly. Oregon has ceased to
lw tho stock miser's paradise, when
all that would be necessary would bo
to increase the number of animals to
Increase tho number of dollars. The
native grasses aro being fed out, and
soon stock men must turn their at
tention to either constant feeding In
in winter, or produce some kind of
green feed either from improved
gras-es, or early fall or June wheat.
A stock-raiser must have shelter of
somo kind, and where thero Is good
timber sheds of largo dimensions
could be made of boards or shakes
very cheaply. I think every farmer
needs a largo shed to havo all his
btraw under as his grain is threshed,
ami this would save reloading it, and
if it was fixed so the stock could eat
It whenever they chose, the labor of
feeding would bo saved, and the
stock would do better.
This question of grasses Is u seri
ous one, and I should like to hear
from farmers who havo any grass
that will grow In winter. Tho or
chard grass is better than none upon
tho hills, but does not do so well on
' I..... I.. .1.1.
luw iiuun.
Winter rye and winter oats are
recommended by some as being very
good for sheep rind young stock, hut
fall plowed land or summer-fallowed
Is too soft in winter for cattle or
horses ; hence, if possible, tho farm
ers must obtain somo grass adapted
to our peculiar seasons.
In the matter of uuderdralnlng
thero nro experiments to bo made,
for open ditches aro liable to be
plowed and wash tho loo-osoll away.
I have nn open drain that Was dug
somo years ago, nvcraging when first
dug, about two feet by two feet ; now
In some places it is n largo stream
threo or four feet wldo, and us deep.
This open ditch reclaimed several
acres of waste land, which now pro
duce flno grass which beforo pro
duced vino maple, underbrush and
briars. This ditch cost about 10 cents
per rod, owing to so many roots and
stumps. A ditch through nn ordi
nary swalo can bo plowed out at very
little cost, nnd by taking Mr. Her
rcu's plan with fir ikjIos an under
drain could be mado pretty cheap.
Wc have not tried this plan, but It is
not expensive, and It might do al
most as well as tiles.
Tho brush question Is becoming
jmporthnt.' 'SlWcd thOflres set by the
Indians have ceased to destroy tho
undergrowth, thousands of acres
of laud have become worthless, and
to reclaim those lauds it will cost
more than to buy u prairie, farm, but
these lands are owned and men are
forced to pay taxes upon them; hence
tho necessity of clearing them In some
permanent way. If the growths of
the small tlr aro cut down and burnt,
In a fow ycars.aU tho slumps will
rot out, and splendid pasture grass
will grow among thoiu. The oak
grubs enijuot bo gotten rid of so easi
ly, for they will sprout and reinstate
themselves If not fed by sheep close
ly. In this way 1 havo grubbed
considerably. Hut the grubbing hoe
with strong nnd willing hands, or
,tho grubbing windlass, is the best
means to get rid of tho oak grubs.
IIaiii) Wouns. The Oakland it'nl.)
A rt(v culls the "California Immigrant
Association" a begging fraud, and
suvsthu Institution Is " hmninlnir the
Legislature for $l!0,000 to eneourago
Immigration ; tout Is, to misrepresent
the actual condition of thlugsherenud
swindle Immigrants Into coming hero
to become the neons and tenants tit
will of scoundrelly land-grabbers." If
nil this lie true, California must lion
nice and attractive State for Immi
grants. A r.iTTM: dissolved alum Is very
effective in clearing muddy water.
If thrown into a tub of soap-suds, tho
soap, curdled and cccniupunicd by
the niudy particles, sinks to tho Iiot
tom, leaving the water clear and
pure. In times of scarcity of water
this may bo Used a second time for
washing clothes.
Tin: monk who was recently tried
in ltome for murder, has been found
guilty, anil sentenced to twenty
years' hard labor. This Is tho first
instance of n monk's being tried by
nn ordinary criminal court. Hence
forth in Italy the clergy are on tho
samo tooting iiciorc tno law Willi
other citizen. Tho killing was not
denied, but drunkenness was plead
ed in defense.
How many of our lady readers ev
er dreamed that wo send to Oroat
llrituln annually, fifteen million dol
lars in gold for the single article of
spool cot ton"
Wlllliun Ifurmnn of Wasco county,
has been appointed and commissioned
Statu Deputy O. V. (, T. and Statu
Lecturer of tliu (iood Templars.
Read Physician's Certificates Below II J
A Most Efficient and Pleasant Tonic.
TIim nittra Af prfptrf 4 from th mo I choir
And wholtuiiit Ltiib feud rmjU. arni have itttru
unlTerwl MtMmjou wtirrwr tried. lliouwiiW
Cj(iJ)tievUchfttlopn1 rlif tlirqiuli ibir Uk.
nnd lUijiirUntrpcomiiKnil llniulr lit (timm all
W nt b blow) Had mtf, m4 IrrvgaUt itlvi of
tli'tdltftfititeorinn, .-..,.,
HtatUitiil.tlUiou-nMttnit Contlpllon.Cinfrml
nihility and Lonof Ai'pvtite, Mr rauiHt hv ttia
Ur&ntfvrufnl of tka htumacti. J.ittr au.l nUirr
ftinctionirlranf lli rtm. fh( IM lUttrraiiaTH
bratiucMfa)lyu(1aii(t am urriiU4 W wU
ruU tUu auUcfer la alt tUe atuva cuv.
.. crimnoATiis.
irR. H. r.rtiri- Aixn
(ivullriiMU, I UltapUauralnHAlInf thatirra
.t idvoiir iv Uhl hive cirtfullv tt-hUil and nam
Utitlm aatnjila nf jour IM oitttr. wbirh jou
(ut vio, ami llo lit notonly anftfrival.l Ilitttr,
iat alo mia thai cannot fair V Unebual aa
.OOM..UJ woro! la"flolilA m . D,
Cur axo rorjTTT HriTAL, bta Tranclaco,
Jnn aOlti, IVlt , , ....
I hiiv oarwftlUy rimlwal Dr. IWnlnj a IXL
Wltfra. ami bv fllrJtu iVini anything which
could Injur Ttn the iaot ilultat constitution
irum tbi cootwtiuttn nt ib Jim era, aa far at I
im ilU to dtnoin It. I abouM Jurl that lit
XU Uitttr moal baa irry frinnl rrniflv In
VajMpMa. Imlijr"aUon, Loaaof Apftlt andalmU
ar rAmplalnw. hMntt r6intAai of a numhar of
VtcUbUrirura wbin ara ftiudly um-iI India
t of tlai natuta aiid ar of lb trrvatuit
AtaWhlUn. r,.0CJ. D
Ait'tRes. rbyilclin Apothrcanr O. C. Ilott'llit.
KriTr Awiiu'i Orrut, Hw rrtnclwo, Jul
t MkM.I!.EriiTrj!4Ch-f.nti. t hirmt4k
eUffulrsklaUMtloiiAf foir 111. fliltm. uid htt
fouail thtra rntirely frr ol 4Utri6(W jaiarl
abt&aci Vouri, te . . .
4. IUH KAIJiEVAU, BUt. Aimtw.
Bwtrf UiufttrflU. IC4) KauitM wtthaut
Dr. Hauler liutur cro lh tup of mcIi boltU.
t T.vrrjr Fnmlly ahould bnvt llollle
la tho aw, HM evrrjrhr,
XI. 13ITKI?f,
Hol fropiMarf.
No, ll Front 8trtt, hw Vtu.eiKO, fl.
fPiMHiZHffll
Books and Stationery.
'
(Sticvi'i-tot 16 Itarri A llolnvtn,)
87 From src, PortLiid, orr,
tiniorlft,WlioK'nilf ninlllrllllp!ilriitii
School Books,
Miscellaneous Books,
Blank Books, and
STATIONERY.
IVntl.iiitly tm luml rfry vntlclj f bt'HOOl.
llOOlvS iitnl In Hie St.ilo, ninl nt I.OWKST ruti'f .
THE OBLZ3BXIATXJD
OHIOKERING PIANO
n
MASON .0 HAMLIN" OKfiANS.
Gllili V STI'.ICI. AkciiK for Orom &"l
Wnhlni(loii TiTtlloiy.
T7" I'rloon l.rriillr llrilurrtl.
S..M cllliiT fur CASH ..r im INSTAI.MI'.XTS.
'aiii:iiiiik 87 I'roiil SI root, up ttnlrn.
I'urll.inil.S.'IH. 2I.1S71 If.
ICILL, STEEL & CO
f
lll'AI.HUK IN
.jaft3&wu'
BOOKS, STATIONERY
Musical Instruments,
SCHOOL BOOKS.
Aiii:n'i:iiai. ahsoutmkxt or tiii: iii:st
btamUnl I'lihllcatluiiK,
TKACIIKltS' lllKJIIISITKM,
Snrli n flhilic", Mapi, Cliarti', Crajonii, Call llrIN,
l(i' anl, ic.
Misci:u.Asnoi's hooks.
A ernrral aonrlmrnl, nml rrrrylblnff pnlill'liril
In llir tlnitiil Stati-n nr Huropii linputlitl lu urdi r
iiiirtnirt luillci'.
Wv Invito ppclal allmitluii to our ktock nf
Mason & Hamlin Organs,
THE 1IK8T IN THIS WOllMM
OIIICKHIIINO,
MAIUSC1IAIX MIITAUKII.
Ami i:.Mi:itS0N
I J 3ST O S3 !
n.UTKS, VIOMNS, ACCOIIDKONS, AC, At".
A roinpli'lo annnrlniriil i.f MI'SIC ISSTIHT.
TION HOOKS. t AalB.
H. D. BOON,
BOOKS, STATIONERY
MUSIC,
Periodicals, Newspapers,
Wall Paper,
AM
Musical Instruments
tiij: t'i:i.cniiATi:i)
BURDETT ORGANS
....iSll...
Hollott and Gumston's Pianos
Ala)aun laud.
Thio Innlniminli aro I'AVOIIITKS ltli alt
mmlclam, ami llil Sture la Ilia iniirt nf all who
wltU lo buy Uuwla c Uap.
II. D. BOON,
L'ummtrclal ntntt, Haln,
I)oc3.
Seed Wheat.
O f(fi ni'HIIKI.8 CHOICE WIIITK CHILI
Jd.yJW CLUII Hi'ltl.Ntl WIIKAT furAJoal
my riildi-nte, alx inlU-4 loath of Albany,
At I.CO per Hualiil.
JtiiSO 2ia. MAItTi.N LVVRti.
I TT1 nai I j ITTiiiT'Trn i 1 1 i i
sonyiiiucw!
! BOSWELI.'S
'
standard Fruit Dryer.
pf
E
Uj
Ph
Iron Hoator, Broad Raisor,
Dairy Hoator, &c,
o o ?r u i rsr ia i :
1osrnvi:i.Y tiii: most l-uoriTAiiu: mi.i
. ui-rfiil lut rut Inn of thoiitMiimt'liiltithMp
iii-Kii, ilnriiMllty ninl itiiihhii), nml inn lo appUcil
In n Krrnlrr nrlcly of iiiir'ii"i, llmti nny iiUu-rliia.
ihliii'i'tlnnl,
As a Fruit Dryer,
It H.nidf iiiirltnliil.niul liukiinnlo.li:i'il ly mIimi
title mrn ! riililnlii llio onl) Irilu rlnrli-U'H tor
ilrjlti); rriilt.uml In io iltiilo lu I'liimtrurtlnii Hull
n iiuti' chlM at uiiru luulir-ininN nml Kpi'mlrK II.
As a Room Hoator,
Tin' I'rl.umtli' I'jIIihIit riiiKNilniti'ii llio linil,
liriiltcii tin- riirlmii, nml iriului' iunn lirnt limn
miy ollirrkuntMi ili'lii', Hhlch. Iii'Iii tllHrlt'iiUM
liy tin' iH'rrunili'il rM In ilnulilo tiirri'iil 'f lint
n lr. Mill lirat Iwii, llirn', or rw'ii four mnniK (IT
linipi'tly ikiiih'lIiiI) mIHi Wh fiiil linn any mm nf
ilu rnnui nrnma tan In- lu'.itril Hi tin- Mnin irniirr
atnri' by nny ptmi' nr lunlliii; nppimlim In hit,
Hlilli'm tin' mini' lime ll (lolnnm all iiiivIiiiik (;
r, KiirliiKa lili'iiiumt ami lii'illfiy nltnorplii'ti' iiiul
onl ti'iiipi'rnluii' lliriiuliiMii all thniipiitliiH'iilK.
In llio umiiniT Him', uIiIIoIhiIIIiii llio !( ki'llli',
milking tiui't. lu'ullnu Iron. Ac, dyii hIiirIi) tattn
llu'i-i'iiirri'iilKnr linn nri'tiiiiuil Intit Hip untnlilu
line, ninl llni lion 1 1 rmio'ly Ml In III" tiwin.
As a Olothos Dryor,
IT HAS NO COMl'irriTOIt, nml liiriir knimii
Ik IihIIiiI w IIIi iIi llchi l.y llir. Uillrn, a tin- uri'ali'rt
lnliur'rnlliliiiiilliiinr tlinni'.
In Lumbor Drying,
Tho prim Iplca nf llil Inti nllnii, n nj'plli'.l, ntr
InrnliiiiMniiiiil ullliinitiiiiiipitllliiii.
MII.UNi:itS, IIAKKKt, CIIIAK MANI'I'ACTl'
IIKIIS AM) OTIIIMtS
Will llml It cri'ally In tin lr ilihinitn -i' In pimi tliln
ninililiiciiml Iiivi'.IIiiIi' li prnpriiliii.
Wit riiiilil puMUti roluinii' of lcfllninnl.il frnni
tliiilnrt ililrm nf Ohio, liiilliimi, Illinois, Mlihl
Ciin, Iiihii. nml i.llur Sliiti'f, nf ll Mipi'tlnrlly utiT
any liivinl lull of ihiiiini', Iml in Urn iiiiirlilnu Iiiu.t
rliimlmi ll nwn MCKITS, ll miirl Im i-irn III up
cnillnii In Ik' fully appri Inli il.
FAnMKIIS, IlIIINfl VOIII KAMI 1.1 IM
Tu in. tiiii
Boowoll Hoator and Dryor.
It li'ially wlml tun tant ami mill, ii'uanlli'rn
of liny ilr'hoiiMinr kiln )nu mar now li.-lU'. Wir
ilu not h-k joii lulniya roniplii-atloii of p.nliiit
rlshK, iinrilv fioni an rximiliiallmi of a iiiihIfI;
liul iiniir anil n n llio full UiJ nmi lilnn pvrfuiin lla
work n rrprrm nti'il,
TIiitmI mi lltxllln Him!', (.'hurrli. Seminar) ,
I'nlilli' Hall, lloti'lor KvlilMriinl, tiinhlrli tlila lua
rhino In mitapplli'iilili', linflll ainl pniDlnMi.
I.uilli'.illiil ui'iilHiii'ii, you ant tPMnilfiilly Ilivl
liil In roll anil (laiiilmithtwniirhlmiliirjiiiirM'lvi'ii,
fur III lliipiinrllilu Ilia l-lxil 1 mix rl lr-i nn-iit liu'liu
iiii-rali- xt 1. 1 lie l-ihhI iiimlillri or Ihla truly Muuikr
fill, yit rlmpli', KAMII.V KIIICNl).
ItySiivi'iiclalni.aru iuril hy hllorn pal ml,
uhUh plaro II lit'joml tin' rrmli of n iltul.
Thniriili.rrllii'r, IiihIiik piirchiiifil llm i'ilui.o
rl:(htforllnStaliiiif Oni;oii, U iiiiwinumifiirliirlrK
llii'jil fur mIi, nn Slain Strut, lu hiili'in, win run
vaili-tyof rlihwaml iiiuiirhlmiln iiprrnlloii uui ho
ret u nt any Uiiiu.
Opiuoltu (IIII, Mi 1 1 Si C'ii.V IkHik Store,
II ll. Hulriii, Ori'SMi.
Hill I'.MIH,
Noil
Willamette University,
SAXJ3IVT, OXISaON.
flinnoi.DKSTANDI.AmiKSTINCOIII'OUAT
I. id Silii.nl In Ori-'iui Clnri-litil, ) iiiiiiniriUI.
Normiil. amlbrlriitlnci'ii'tn-rKiif Nimlr. I'lirTiill
llirorinnlli.il, mlilii'.H llio I'ri-rlili-nl, T.'M OlTCli.
nr (' n'tKIIIIV.
Hi-p, s, IKil. Hmitury lluanl nf Tnulrci,
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral.
l'or l)lm'iii i' tho 'I'h run I nml
I.IIIIU't lll'll n !iimliN, 'lllll,
VlioiiiliiK Cuuuli, llriiliilillU,
Amliliui n ll l CiiiiKiiniptloii,
TiKifuwmnipn.ltlftn',
u IiIlU litti o il on Ihn urn
llilrnin nf mmikliiil nml
lK-riiiiolioiii hnlil wnriU
anioiii; not mjlynni hut
IM.'lllVllH0ll.UIlltllAlll
-liaurilliiury vlriiun,
l'i rliap' no onu ever re-
nml tu ulilu u riput'l
lion nrmaliitiiluril II
lon2ii AYr.n'aCliEiiiir
l'HTOI)AI. It ll'ln liil'll
known tu tin' imlillc
t9 klHiut forty ynr, hy a
long roullniinl mtIm nf nurvi-lloiK rnn-n, whlrli
hiu won fur It it iimll'lrinu lu It llrtuaa, uTr
rquallotl hy anynthcr niiillcliic II llllinaki'a llio
iiiunlrlfcittialcuri'iinr iUiM, (W'f, (l.iiw;.i,
Hint run im liiinlo liy niiillcal kll Imli'iil tliu
Ciltunr I'kitoiui. ha nullymhlxil llirnulanui'r
oiik dlcuf nf their ti rrur. In urtut I'Xtiui. anil
Khi'ii a Ci'llii-r nf linniiiiillyfroni Ihclr filul rifi'ttn,
nhlcU 1 Mi 11 fouiiilri, if Ihn rviunly Ihi taken lu
neatnn Ilnry nimllythoiililliatolt In Ihelrrlutet
f.ir Ilu, renilv anil lirnmnL It llrf of tin liu.nlim.
hhkiiiit, nullerini;, anil i-wn II To l rnieil liy Ihla
llmcly protii linn. Tliu pinilinl rhniiUI not lu'li'i t
ll, ami inu win' iu uoi, icijiii nv )uu for inn
jimtrcllon It alfonl lu mulilcn attackn, ami liy lla
iluicly U'O,
riiEi'AiiKu nr
Ur. J.C. AVI'.II & Co., Lowell, ,TIna
frmllKUaiut .imilttioit CAtmlttt,
Anil tolil by Uru;i.'lll H arounil tho urhl.
rVlTKlilTlI A DAVIS. Wholeulo Ael la. IVlIt.
llml. UcV4 3m.
jEjIj 1 V'Xi4a
MX-ir (Wj