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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 21, 1957)
Russia Works Around Clock On Science . By THOMAS P. WHITNEY AP Ferelfa Newt, Analyst f How has Russia accomplished so much in science? It is a ques tion many Americans are asking. The answer is disarmingly sim ple. They are working at it and at top speed. Nearly 250.000 Soviet scientists toil day after day in some 3.0W different Soviet institutions ere - ating and developing projects which will increase their country's scientific might. The Soviet government supports with a lavish hand this ever grow ing corps of scientific researchers and generously provides equip ment, laboratories, observatories, libraries and whatever else they need for their work. It gives tel enet and science education an AAA priority claim on govern ment expenditures. This the quantity of men and j money devoted to science Is onei of Die reasons for the Soviet sci-: entific strength demonstrated so; vividly in the launching of the first artificial satellite. But it's not the only reason. Taleat. Ability , Another is quality the talent and ability of Soviet scientists. A famous example is Peter Ka . pitza, who once taueht at Cam bridge University in England and then returned to his native land to win the wide recognition throughout' the world for his re search on magnetic fields, low temperature physics and other aspects of basic science. Another is Nikolai Semyonov Moscow professor of physical chemistry, who won a 1958 Nobel prize for his studies of the con duct of molecules when they blow up in chain reactions or combine smoothly. Kapitza and Semonov are Just two among hundreds of brilliant leading Soviet scientists who set the tone for all scientific work in the country and who are de scendants of a strong Russian sci entific tradition exemplified in other times by such geniuses as the physicist Dmitri Mendcleyev, discoverer of the table of atomic weights, and Ivan Pavlov, the physiologist who revealed the me chanism of conditioned reflexes in living beings. Beyond the quality and quantity of Soviet scientific work another source of its strength lies in its organization and the ability to use the organization to get things done. Literally hundreds of labora tories and research groups can be pressed into a project which in this country would be called a crash program. . n . such crucial fields as atomic development and missiles, the totalitarian organ! zation of the Soviet state has paid off. On such a project as Sputnik or the H-bomb, the Kremlin can and does direct the implementa tion of crash programs for-the at tainment of quick results. In contrast, although the United States used this technique on the famous Manhattan Project during World War II, it has not used it in peacetime. , Much of the national energy of the U.S.S.R. is being devoted to the crash development of Soviet science as a whole. It is this, rath er than any single Russian dis covery or development which makes Soviet science a most se rious competitor of American sci' ence. But totalitarian state organiza tion and centralized scientific or ganization also have a negative side. When Joseph Stalin tried to impose the rule of T. D. Lysenkd and his concept of inheritance of acquired characteristics on Soviet biology he set back biological work for years. Communist party rule over Soviet science on more than this one occasion has. held back scientific development. Even today all the social sciences in cluding economics are insignifi cant because they Impinge on Leninist dogma. Directlag Werk Coordinating and directing the work of about 1,200 different large scientific institutes of the U.S.S.R. and the research organizations of hundreds of different higher edu cational institutions and economic organizations scattered through out the country is the Academy of Sciences in Moscow. The Acad emy was founded in 1724 by Peter the Great The government-s upported Academy is headed by the out standing organic chemist Alexan der Nesmeyanov, former head of Moscow University. It possesses some eight different branches, each supreme in its own field. It has some 14 junior academies in the republics of the Soviet Union. The academy is not the only powerful and well-heeled organi zation fn the science business in the U.S.S.R. In the town of Dubna north of Moscow there is the Joint Nuclear Research Institute for Basic Study of the Atom. This institution was founded with the deliberate pur pose of attracting into scientific work in the U.S.S.R. brilliant for eign scientists ts well as those of the Soviet Union. It has the world's largest atom smashing machine a proton syn chrophasotron of 10 billion elec.ro volts capacity which is 40 per cent more powerful than the larg est such basic research machine in the United States. Heading up Soviet work on peaceful uses of atomic energy is -a special administration headed bv Vasilv S. Emelyanov, who in 1936 visited the United States to see American progress in this field. The Medium Machinery Minis try is a cover designation for the Soviet atomic weapons production authority which is now run by E. P. S'evsky. a little known ex pert on nuclear energy. ' Statesman, Salem, Ore.. Mon., Oct. 21. '57 (Sec I3 USE OWL'S CHRISTMAS LAY-AWAY PLAN Only 9 Weeks 'til CHRISTMAS Santa's practically J u 1 1 round Hit earner . . . at your near by Owl Drug Store. Hurry, have peek -at hit Christmas Goodies. m i r rirrj. CAPITOL AT CENTER Think of if... only $1.00 will hold any tay ar gift Ask any Owl talespertan! Shop naw far gifts fresh 'til December 13th. from Santa's pack! ft V; 7) 1 It's Gat everything to Service . 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