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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 21, 1957)
Hot Wires Entangle Car, Youth Escapes 31 tmoti 1651 MUNDII 106th Year 12 PACES The Oregon Statesman, Salem, Oregon, Monday, January 21, 1957 PRICE 5 No. 300 Ike Takes Nation to Oath for Second Term; See Gala Retake' Today i,, . . im-w, SI sr. j-?r v-t a " St ' Alter smashing this telephone pole into pieces James Patrick Kennedy, 17, of 4095 Milton Drive, ducked llvewlres and emerged "shaken up" but unharmed from his automobile TP I HMDS fUUJ IJJJLa No sooner was the budget mes sage of President Eisenhower's released than Oregon's Democra tic contingent in Congress rushed to reporters and mimeographs to denounce it for failing to provide funds for federal construction of the John Day dam, and for neglecting to recommend fresh project starts for development of Northwest electric power. They claimed the voters' "mandate" had been repudiated,' the mandate being their own election to efdee. What the Democratic delegation forgot was that President Kisen hower was given a majority in each of their own constituencies. He has as much right to claim "mandate" for his partnership plan as they for theirs of federal power. Moreover since the wishes and the money of all the people are concerned the President's mandate, being national, would aeem to have priority over the mandates of Morse, Green, Porter and Ullman. Nor can it be said that the Eisenhower budget neglects re source development. It calls for spending- $1,538,000,000 in the next fiscal year, up from $1,371,000,000 In the current year. Congress is asked to start six new irrigation projects and 24 rivers aad harbors projects. Oregon and the North west share generously in the over all allowances in the budget. .Funds-are recommended for two new Oregon irrigation projects Crooked river, Wapinitia, and for continued work on the Talent pro ject. Sizable funds are provided for (CMUaued m Editorial Page. 4.) Senate Plans New Try for Union Today Oregon state senators today will see whether a day's rest will re sult in any new approaches to Ab lution of the deadlock over elec tion of a president. The State Senate, divided equal ly between 15 Republicans and 15 Democrats, battled seven days straight without getting together on a president. Then the senators took Sunday off. Both House and Senate will start the week with 10 a.m. sessions. Some of the House committees will be meeting as early as S a.m. today. With a clear (37-23) Dem ocratic majority, the House or ganized speedily and. began intro ducing bills during the week. Despite the wintry weather, many of the legislators went to their home towns over the week end. y The Senate Is expected to pick up where it left off Saturday aft ernoondeadlocked because Dem ocrats are holding fast for Sen ate president candidate Walter J. Pearson and none of the Repub licans will vote for him. Republicans have offered their 15 votes to three other Democrats, but those men say they won't take the post even if elected. Republi can candidate Warren Gill has re leased his pledges. Family Car By Wally Falk What aaUoaalltjr It KT Winter Aims Blow At Area. (Picture on Page 5.) A slick coating of ice and heavy fog slowed traliic to a crawl Sunday night to tiio north, south and cast of Salem. State police reported 100-foot visibility on Salcin-I'ortland Freeway with many cars abandoned in ditches and several minor col Bomb Threat Delays Plane At Portland PORTLAND, Jan. 20 ( A bomb hoax led to the search of a Northwest Airlines plane on its arrival here this morning from Honolulu. Nothing was found. Sheriff's deputies, FBI- and postal agents were on hand when the craft arrived and conducted a thorough hunt through the plane, mail and baggage. A Northwest Airlines representa tive said he had only meagre de tails on the bomb threat, but said it originated at Honolulu, where a phone call was received yester day night about a bomb supposed ly aboard some airline craft bound for the states. The airline spokesman added there -apparently " were t li r e planes en route from Honolulu to the states at the time. Two of them, he said, returned to Hono lulu but the other, the Northwest plane, was too far out and had to go on to Portland. After the search here the flight, No. 572, proceeded on to Seattle. A United Air Lines plane was in volved in another bomb scare last night. Someone called UAL offices in Seattle and said there was a bomb aboard a DC7 flying non-stop from Seattle to Los Angeles last night. The plane landed in San Fran cisco-, where demolition experts from the Army's Ft. Mason were waiting along with FBI agents and sheriff's deputies. No bomb was fqund. . Ceiling Stain Leads to Still NEWARK. N.J.. Jan. 20 WV-A puzzled tenant watched a growing stain on his ceiling yesterday and then sniffed whisky 1 He called police who went to the upstairs apartment in the building and found a 50-gallon still that had sprung a leak. They arrested Miss Lilly Law rence, 29, the upstairs tenant; Wil liam Jenkins, 35, and Roosevelt McCulIough, 34, on charges of pos sessing an illegal still. Church Women to Begin State Meeting The Oregon Council of. Churches annual convocation and a com panion meeting of the United Church Women of Oregon will draw professional and lay leaders to Salem this week. The women's sessions get under wayi today and extend through Tuesday. The convocation of the Oregon Council opens Tuesday and will continue through Thursday. All programs and meetings will be held at First Methodist Church. Today's opening session of the women's organization will be high lighted by a 12: IS p.m. luncheon and an address and pictures by Mrs. Theodore Shanks, missionary from the Cameroun, West Africa. After several afternoon workshops, the evening schedule will be marked by I : p.m. dinner and!,, Arabia boarded the liner addresses by several widely known women leaders. -The convocation will open Tues day with registrations and a 4 p.m. reception for Dr. Harold A. Bosley, pastor of First Methodist Church in Evsnston. 111. A na tionally known minister and lec turer, Dr. Bosley has been named guest speaker at sessions of the Oregon Council. Dr. Bosley win apeak each eve ning at I o'clock and at I a. m. on Thursday. Other feature of th coovocs- late Sunday afternoon. The boy's ear had skidded on an icy pavement on D Street at 21st and slid to the left side of the road Into the pole, city police Said. Road lev lisions. The weather forecast from Mc Nary Field indicated clearing skies but colder temperatures to day and returning cloudiness to morrow. Moisture on streets and roads began to freeze between 5 and 6 p.m., making hills and bridge ap proaches especially difficult to drive, city police and Marion County sheriff's deputies said. Both city and county crews were busy sanding throughout most of the night. ' A heavy but short-lived snow storm dropped an inch and a half of snow in the area Sunday but much of it soon melted (he weather bureau reported . State Dolice said the foe seemed to blanket the area and slip- j . . . - Derv rnam wprp rennnn in every direction except between Salem and Dallas. The ice and packed snow e& tended south past Albany, police said. Chains were required in San- tiam and Willamette passes and on Highway 20 in the Sweet Home area, they added. Operation to Change Girl's Blood Supply DURHAM, N.C.. Jan. 20 W- Enough donors to supply 21 pints of fresh blood will be on hand here tomorrow when a cute 8-year-old girl undergoes a delicate heart operation that will necessitate the removal of her complete blood supply. Little Sarita Ann Boswell, Rocky Mount, N.C., w'll unncrgo surgery at Duke Hospital to remove a con gestion in her heart. A complicating factor was that the girl has the comparatively rare type Q-RH negative blood. Only fresh blood can be used for the operation eliminating the use of plasma and liquid blood in blood banks. Response to an appeal (or the 0-RH negative blood was over whelming. Fourteen donors will come from the Rocky Mount area, while eight women will stand by in Rocky Mount in case of addi tional needs. Her step father, Albert Taylor, said the child's heart will be stopped about four minutes during the operation to remove a growth from the orang. Here Today tion will include a series of work shops, worship sessions, a legis lative seminar on Wednesday and Thursday under direction of Dr. Julian Keiser. King Saud Guards By RICHARD EHRMAN NAPLES, Italy. Jan. 20 tl Closely trailed by four Arab body guards carrying sub-machine guns under their robes, King Saud of Cmstitutjon today for a visit to the United States and talks with President Eisenhower on the prob lems of the Middle East. The oil-rich monarch and his retinue of 65, occupying 20 deluxe apartments aboard the vessel, were the last to board the Consti tution before she sailed. The party included two of Saud's 40 sons but none of his four wives. The party was all male, Two lines of plume-helmeted , Italian carabmleri snapped to at- tent ion and saluted as the tall, be- spectacled ruler walked onto the! $k Car Shears Utility Pole, Power Fails 4 James Patrick Kennedy, 17, ap parently had the luck of the Irish Sunday, when he escaped un harmed after his car sheared a utility pole in three pieces, tangl ing his vehicle in sparking 12.000 volt livewires. The Salem youth, of 4095 Milton Drive, was driving west on D Street near 21st, at 5:50 p. m., when he skidded, he told police. His car slid to the left of the road and banged head-on into a power pole. He emerged at once from the vehicle, which was enveloped in live wires. First aid men ex amined him but found no injuries. Ball of Fire Two friends, who had been fol lowing in another car, said they saw what looked like a large ball of fire when the Kennedy auto struck the pole. They and the first aid men marvelled that Kennedy cmergea irom me car alive, wun ParK Lsnool'" " m, 'm a i arnunn him Thp hull f,f flm uhg sparks shooting from wires all -.... reported seen several blocks away Wires were downed for one block cn 21st Street and for half a block on D Street, police said. The area was barricaded, and a .new pole will be installed today. . Power Cat Power was out for about an hour over a large area extending east from the scene of the accident, Portland General Electric Co. of ficials here said. It was restored by cutting in other wires until the damage is repaired today. The telephone lines serving an estimated six residences in the immediate area also were downed, Pacific Telephone officials here said. They were attached to the power pole. Youth, Girl Friend Get Together in Headon Collision STAFFORD SPRINGS. Conn., Jan. 20 IB Roland K. Jacobsen, 21, drove off today with his moth er to meet his girl and her moth er. But what he didn't know was that his girl, Trm C. Worthington 21, was driving over to Jacobsen't with her mother. In spite of this mix up, Mrs. Jacobsen met Ann and her moth er. Roland's car collided head-on with Ann's when it skidded on a patch of ice. Nobody was hurt. Today's Statesman Pag Ann landers 12 Classified 10,11 Comics ...6 Crossword .......10 Editorials 4 Homo Panorama 7 Obituaries 10 Radio-TV 6 Sports 8, 9 Star Gaxor . 3 Valley News 9 Wirtphoto Pag 6 En Route for U.S.; Packing Tommy-Guns dock and up the ship's gangway, his white robes waving in a slight breeze. Aboard the Constitution, one of the ship's officers said, the four Arabian guards would join six V. S. Marines and two FBI agents in providing security for the Ara bian ri'ler. The officer also report ed that at the King's request a navigator had been assigned the special task of keeping track of the direction of Mecca so that the The Weather Today's forctt: Morning 1 1 i i i i. w ' afternoon. High near 34, low tonight nesr 20. (Compitu report past li Poles Endorse Red Leaders by Wide Margin WARSAW, Jan. 20 OH - Polish voters, spurred by both Roman Catholic Church and Communist party appeals, soberly and over whelmingly endorsed Wladyslaw Gomulka s leadership today. Unofficial but reliable reports from throughout the country showed in most cities about 90 per cent of the qualified voters went to the polls In the election to fill 459 seats in Parliament. It appeared that at least 70 per cent voted for the whole list of candidates without exercising their right to scratch any of whom they disapproved u"'dl 1 """ ih ? 7 ?m,mmH Pr I Jr, tyranny'' will keep its dominant role in the government. Onniulka. the party's chief, will be strength- ened personally against Stalinists m its ranks. TV turnou of about 16 million 0lf?d 'V9;.000 .V0U'rS as achieved without direct pressures and the get-tough tact.es that characterized its two previous postwar elections. Observers, both Polish and for- eign, aiiriouiea ine Dig voie 10 me Catholic Church'n anneal acaintt bovcottini! the ballot and tn Go - mulka'i election eve warning that rejection of his leadership by scratching Communist candidates would invite Soviet intervention. Thus Gomulka's indeoendenee- minded Communists survived ' their first popular test since they roap 10 P"wer m axf ' "n- alin;sls irom the 1'olish 1'olit- . "' Duro There were scattered reports of demonstrations. Population in State Jumps 14 Per Cent PORTLAND, Jan. 20 UP - Ore gon's population increased 14 per cent between the time of the 1950 census and July 1, 1956, the state Board of Health said today. The board estimated the state's population at 1,734.650 at mid-1956, using a formula which takes into consideration birth and death reg istrations and county elementary school enrollments Dr. Harold M. Erickson, state health nffirer said th clHv i indicates the state s population growth in the present decade is falling far short of the pace set in the previous 10-yeai period. Eight counties were reported to have lost residents in the past six years. They are Wheeler, down 15.5 per cent; Polk, 9.3 per cent: Yamhill, 8.1 per cent; Deschutes, 3.3 per cent; Morrow, .9 per cent; Klamath and Columbia, each, .7 per cent, and Crook - .1 per cent. The county showing the great est gain was Curry where the 1950 census showed a population of 6.048 and the 1956 estimate was 12,270 a gain of 102.9 per cent. Other counties with gains of 10 per cent or more are: Benton 15 5: Clackamas 190; Coos 33.6; Douglas 37.7; Gilliam 14 3; Jack son 21.1: Jefferson 31.3; Jose phine 20 0; Lane 20.1; Lincoln 12.6; Marion 11.1; Multnomah 22 3 Portland 9 6. Wasco 54, and Washington 32.9. Others: Baker 9 3 and Umatilla 87. Fire Levels Hotel SOUTHERN PINES. N.C, Jan 20 OP A predawn fire raged thruugh a former resort hotel being used as an Air Force school here leaving an estimated million dollars worth of damage. There were no injuries. King ma) face the Moslem holy city to pray. Saud arose early to receive an advance message of welcome from President Eisenhower. Victor Purse, assistant White House pro tocol officer, entered the Arabian ruler's lavish hotel suite shortly after 7 a.m. to hand hint, the presi dential note. Purse declined to disclose con tents of the President's message. One of Saud's officials said It con tained a "warm welcome" and "expressed President Eisenhow er's hope his talks with the King will prove an important event in strengthening relations between our two countries." The Constitution is due in New York Jan. 29. The King expects to remain In the United States about two wects. Puppets in Hungary Arrest Top Writers By CARI, IIARTMAN Bl'DAI'EST, Hungary, Jan. 20 (Al')-Secn of Hungary's Ix'st-knowii writers and newspapermen tonight were reported arre.sicti Dv the Lommtitiist government. The arrests came as Hungarian new spapers reported the Balky Union Heads Face Charges By JOHN (1IADVYH K , WASHINGTON. Jan. 20 up-Scn. .M.tienan H-i-Ars. nam looay in.i contempt of Congress action will who have balked at testifying in , an investigahon of alleged labor racketeering. McClellan told reporters the ivv'naf i.,,,,,, .h,mm : tee whicn ne ncaaSi will mcH be. , hind closed doors to consider reso - lutlons cjli unspeclfld witncss. ! I for contempt. Conviction in the 1 courts carrjPa maximum .t tv nf a .. , . it nr ?, ; '. hn,h McClellan set no date for the 1 meeting. Senate Approval J but the last two were members: Anv contempt resolutions voted,0' tne Communist party althoagh by the subcommittee would he Tardos was expelled recently. subject to approval by the Senate before being referred to the Jus- tice Department for presentation to a grand jury Public hearings were recessed indelinitely yesterday alter anoth r .,. ff1(.ia nf ,hp his, ,P.,mvll. union cha! rased the suhenmniit. tce s .hor.ty to conduct the in - vesligation and refused to answer questions. Some of the unanswered ques tions were aimed at determining whether union funds were used to pay personal expenses of high un ion officials including President David Beck. Possible Subpoena McClellan announced Beck would be subpoenaed later if the hearings are resumed Robert Kennedy, the subcom mittee counsel, took the witness stand and testified that in March 1953. $8,826 of Western Conference funds were used to "pay some personal bills of Mr. David Beck." He also testified that the sub committee has evidence that "un ion funds" were used to pay part "L'tT. ,cost of bu,ldin Bcck's 1.UW nome. Portland Child Attacked, Beaten PORTLAND, Jan. 20 l - An lt-year-old Portland girl was raped and beaten today by a man who told her and her companion he was a police officer and or dered them to get into his car. The abductor released t h e 8-year-old companion unharmed near state police headquarters. The other girl was released near her home after being attacked. Police said the girl told them that the man ordered them into his car as they were returning home from an afternoon of skat ing at a suburban rink. Oregon Governor With 'Happy Family' 1- -- f , I, , ,i i. , . f W tj f ff WASHINGTON, Jan. 20 Democratic governors who attended get together iqd pose at one big happy family as they Join the Inauguration festivities. Front, left to right: Gov. Orvllle Freeman. Minnesota; Frank Clement. Tennessee, and Rob ert Holmes, Oregon; rear, left to right: Luther Hodges, N. C Happy Chandler, Ky., Thomas Stanley, Virginia, and S. Mennen Williams of Michigan. (AP YVlrrphoto) j jailing of three railway employes j accused of helping refugees get out of the country. Budapest radio an- nnunced the execution of two youths accused as counterrevolutionaries Other arrests were expected amone the writers. Members of the suspended fed - eration of Hungarian Writers were charged with "activities contrary to the interests of the Hungarian People's Republic," reliable re - ports said The suspended National Assn of Hungarian Journalists was ac - . nl,rri nt rhnesinC its hoard of di- r,.(.,ors ,, J I ( luh T"krB 0,,r Headquarters ot hnih groups were token over by the Rovern- I mt nt and nu'nlb'rs ,old ,n sla' I awa' from clubhouses. Two among base reported ar- r';!pd are Gyu a ""' Zclk winners of the Kossuth prize awardcd 1m",n? ,or ,he. mo' dist.nguished performance in all branches of Hungarian life. , Olhers reported in police cus tndav ar Tihnr TarHoc SanHnr ' Novobacky. Pal Loecsei. Domonk- os Var-, and Bala, ienGVel Air uurmg reci t months. Hungan - an r"crs played a hig role in defending freedom of thought and press ineir revou ayainsi siann- ism last summer grew bolder un- til the climax o( ine m-.oner uprising. . er inriarni 1 'In Vienna, the Austrian InU-rior I Ministry announced that 30 Hun- ganan soldiers, firing machine guns, invaded Austrian territory Sunday in pursuit of refugees. The Austrian press agency said about 20 refugees were forced to turn bak and the, Soldiers de parted, leaving one 'wounded com rade behind. Fire in Crib Injures Baby At Hopmere Butrsman Ntt arrvlc BKUOh.5, Jan. 20 A seven- months old son of a Hopmere JT DOYS I OWn couple sulfered serious les burns Sunday morning when a crib j BOYS TOWN. Neb., Jan. 20 ( caught fire at the home, firemen Ronald Ford, 18. of Portland, reported. i Ore., has been elected mayor of Little Michael D. Jones, son of j Bo.vs Town- home for neglected Mr. and Mrs. Glen Jones. Brooks and home'ess boys, it was an Route 1 Rn 9 wns rushed In nounccd here. Salem General Hospital by Wil- lamette ambulance after the 8: 15 i a.m. incident. Attendants said the baby sustained third degree burns of both legs extending to t h e thighs. His condition was listed as "serious" but not "critical." The infant reportedly was sleep ing m the crib in a separate room in the home. Firemen said cause of the fire had not been deter mined. Crying of the infant brought his parents rushing to the room and saved the child from more exten sive burns. Inauguration Timetable WASHINGTON', Jan. 20 i Timetable for the highlights of Monday's inaugural celebration: Time is I'ST. 9:00 a.m.: President Eisen hower and Vice President Nixon i take the oalh of office on the stops of the Capitol i H:H a.m.: Inaugural parade ' down Pennsylvania Ave , begins, !: p.m.: Last unit of the , parade is scheduled to pass the 1 1 resident s reviewing stand at the White House. S:00 p.m.: Inaugural balls 1 begin simultaneously at the ; National (Juard Armory and the Sheraton-I'ark, Statler and May- ' flower hotels. ' 'The inauguration activities will be telecast in the Salem area over TV channels 6. and 27. and : lladin Stations KSI.M U.190' and KGO," .THnrr J SovietsRun New A-Test, AEC Reveals mmuiu.v Jan. a urine retake in ront of ,ne u s CapiU)l Atomic Energy Commission .today , witn ,housands of dignitaries look announced a new Russian nuclear inl, nn . nprsnn -h -iiinn. i weapons test. The agency said this resumes a testing program which the Soviets began last August. Chairman Lewis L. Strauss is- sued this statement: "The Soviets yesterday conduct- ; tru anoim-r nutirar weapons icsi m meir current series wnicn nas been resumed since the announce- " " " ou.in -as i 'he l nilea Males on .Nov. 1. On Nov. 17 the AK.C said it bad . - acieciea an explosion in soviet ' 'l.rT territory within the range ot mag- rf",.,"- ' r detonations The commission had said earlier that a Soviet test in August in volved a device "with a yield of less than one megaton." A megaton is the equivalent of the explosive force of one million tons ol TXT. Today's announcement was the 11th by the United States of a So viet atomic test. It was the fourth announcement since Aug. 26 when the start of the current Russian test series two days earlier was reported. Portland Youth Elected Mayor At B T For(J has bwn councilman for lnc lasl S1X montns. ne also is vice-president of the senior class, was president of both his junior and sophomore classes in Boys Town High School and has earned letters in basketball and football. Actress Quits Hospital NEW YORK, Jan. 20 -Ac tress Elizabeth Taylor left Colum- u.a rreSny.erian me,ea. vemer, oday after six weeks conya-; lescence and a Dec. 8 operation for a crushed spinal disc. governors' reception here today Thousands Jam Washington for Inauguration By DOtGLAS B. CORNELL WASHINGTON, Jan. 20 (AP) In tlie serene, formal ele Hance of the White House Hist Room. Dvinht D. Eisenhower took the presidential oath to day and emharked on the sec ond term of an administration be set by troubled peace but blessed with abounding prosperity. He was sworn into office for another four years by Chief Jus tice Karl Warren. Immediately ; Preceding him. in the same place, '"Sid''"! Nixon took the oath from Senate Republican leader Knowland of California By tradi tion, the Mce president is sworn in lirsl. 3 Minulr ( rrrmony The three - minute ceremony, held in the privacy of the White House because Inauguration Day fell on Sunday, was over by 10:29 a.m. KST, well in advance of the noon expiration of Kisenhower's first term. Tnmnrrnil nnnn thpr will h : .,rin n,.i. ,m through the eyes of television. This second run may be anti- climactic, after a fashion. But it will be bigger, more colossal by far than today's ceremony. For tomorrow the event will be splash ed with all the pomp and pagean- j try tnat normally accompany a presidential inauguration. Afterward will come the bis in- ail'Hiral n:irHi swinpinc Hnurn bedecked Pennsylvania Avenue rom irum me capuui 10 me wnil b?. floa,s- band' . mdrening unus, nuiiiary missiles, an elephant, a working, watery miniature of Niagara Falls, and one gigantic 408-foot-long float de picting an America ruled by the consent of the governed. Fsur Balls Topping the day's formalities and festivities will come the four inaugural balls tomorrow night. Some 15.000 men and women in evening clothes will turn out to dance to "name" orchestras. 1 nUoff fruit mnrh nri . rh.m. i paKne toast to the Eisenhowers, i and promenade past them in grand marches. Today's calendar included such major events as a reception for visiting governors and other high officials and the traditional inau gural concert, featuring such stars as Lily Pons and Ethel Merman, Peter Palmer and Raymond Mas scy, the National Symphony Or chestra and Waring's Pennsylvan ians. The President secluded himself part of the day to work the last kinks out of tomorrow's inaugural ; address an address that may run ; little more than 20 minutes. Attended Church The Eisenhowers and Nixons this morning hustled from National Presbyterian church to the White House by automobile. Mrs. Eisen hower put aside her silver mink stole, changed quickly from black gabardine suit to black taffeta S' rfa CZrrLZ "? ,11 J S Room cerCmony ,n lhe The t hort d , folowed h roun(J o( h c j an ,b , n state dining room. But it was recorded for posterity only by a Navy cameraman and the pen cilled notes of White House press secretary James C. Hagerty. News reporters and photographers were barred, over their protests. Some 80 guests looked on at the oath-taking Former President Herbert Hoov er will witness the ceremonial in auguration tomorrow. The only other former president, Harry S. Truman, said he'd He to come but couldn't. Train Derailed MILWAUKEE, Jan. 20 i -Seven cars of a speedjng Chicago and North Western Railway "400'' train carrying 600 passengers to night jumped the tracks north of here with an explosive roar, in juring 22 persons, none seriously. "Spelldovn! (Editor'! NoU: Followlnf r kit words for tht current Statesman KSLM Spflllni Contest lor S.toa stu drnta In S3 valley achools. To fours'? day-to-day stndy rom. oslts list will ke available. Dally words are from standard textbooks. Contest Is fret wltk nothlni to buy or sell). insult rapid nicely precaution liable' precede ruin prirst reduce altimeter acre bruise retail carbon yacht precious comical perseverance composition resistance l
