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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 14, 1955)
ICMStc 1-Stattsman, Salem, On., Sunday, Aug. 14, 1955 Sec. Benson, 'Despiser' of Controls on Crops, Employs More Than All Predecessors I By OVID A. MARTIN 4 Associated Press Farm Reporter t WASHINGTON UP Secretary cf Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson has Stated repeatedly that he dislikes federal crop controls. But circum stances are requiring that he em ploy them more than any of his predecessors. ; He has invoked rigid marketing quotas this year on wheat, cotton. under controls this season were held last year. - ! One this year was for quotas on the 1936 wheat crop. It was ap proved by 77 JS per cent of the growers voting. Another was on a proposed reduction in previous ly announced quotas for this year's crop of burley tobacco. It won by a majority of 96 per cent The third referendum was on rice, peanuts and major types of .the we&on of authorizing quotas tobacco I lur we israo, 13a ( anu ivoo ciups I Before th vMr is om- will i of flue-cured tobacco.! It gave an have to impose them on the same .crops for next year: J Although farmers themselves may or may not like the controls, they have been writing a pretty .good record of approving them. The farm law of 1938. authorizing 'marketing restrictions, requires that they be approved by at least two-thirds of the farmers voting in -a referendum. ,t& Referenda 1 v since then, the department has jbeld 68 such referenda. In 50 of .them, growers approved quotas bfle in 18 they disapproved. 1 The circumstances that require : Benson to use quota restrictions are 3 the accumulation of surplus crops' I and a requirement of farm law that j the limitations be invoked subject j to grower approval when oversup I plies develop. ; -4 , By the time this year's harvest jlng has been completed, upwards I of 12 billion dollars worth of farm j surpluses are likely to be stored under government farm programs.. Farmers themselves are under great economic pressure to approve quotas, whether they like them or not. If the quotas are approved, the government will support grower prices of the affected crop at a relatively favorable level. But if they are rejected, the support lev els are cut to a very low level. ! In the case of tobacco, price sup ports are withdrawn completely if controls are voted down. Hesitate to Vote Inasmuch as market prices fol low closely the support level, many farmers hesitate to vote against controls lest prices drop to depres sion levels. In most cases where Benson has Invoked controls, he has in effect apologized, explaining his dislike of the idea that farmers be con trolled from Washington. Yet be has never once suggested that the law be changed to eliminate the controls. He has said that he real izes they are needed unto war- expanded farm production has been ad rusted to peacetime demands. Benson feels that once this ad Justment has been achieved, farm production can be guided simply by varying the level of government price supports. Under the adminis tration sponsored flexible price sup port system, price guarantees are high in times of shortages to en courage production and are low in times of surplus supplies to dis discourage production and to en courage consumption. Qnota Approved The department has conducted three referenda this year on quotas. Referenda for other crops produced over-whelming majority of 97.3 per cent for controls until the 1939 crop. . '., j , Before the year is 1 out, Benson will bold referenda on quotas for next year's crops of cotton and Accused " - : v A WASHINGTON, D. C Rear S. Van Fosson, above, in office of aa attorney, after Being freed on bond following indictment charging he misused a secret Air Force document and then lied about it Van Fosson was rice as well as on future crops of i such types of tobacco as burley, Virginia sun-cured, Maryland aud two cigar varieties. , : j AH Waa . . , ' Since 1938, the department has! held five referenda on quotas for wheat and all won grower approv al. There have been nine on cot ton quotas, all winning approval. Two referenda have been held &n rice , controls. The first, which would have covered the 1939 crop, j was defeated. The second, held fcr I this year's crop, was approved by ' a 90 per cent margin. j Four referenda have been held for peanuts each for a three-year I period. All gave quotas approval. ) Two have been held on quotas cn extra long staple cotton, a specialty type. And they were favorable. Quotas on tobacco have had some what harder times winning grower approval The department has held 46 tobacco referenda. In 17 of them, farmers turned down the j controls. The rejections came chief-1 ly on quotas on minor types of tobacco grown in Northeastern i parts of the country, principally J those used for making cigars. ! Aatharity Limited 1 i In the beginning, authority to use nuntac wae limited tn nn Ho. I scribed as being "basic" to agri culture. These were cotton, wheat, com, rice, peanuts and rice. None was ever proposed for corn, al though there have been times when the supply approached the point where it. would have been neces sary to invoke quotas. "Last year Congress amended the law to exempt corn from quotas. This action was taken upon the generally accepted contention that it would be impossible to enforce corn quotas because such a large portion of this crop is used, as live- M. ll f 1 I grown, ine uiner crops cuverea vy quotas are largely market crops. On the whole, farmers have giv en quotas on cotton and flue-cured and burley types of tobacco larg er majorities than have growers of other crops. Matter of Conjecture Whether the referenda ; give a true picture of how farmers feel wisf s. mm sm I v? no i : i Erpn 6 nn7 n n: :',v:" 1 VV-IUJIMI I U cli 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i "IftilH LA:Z-i arrested in Washington. Van rosson resignea nom me aiti " vu....v , Force last Nav. ' 23 and was a matter of conjecture. Often less hired the next day as an inves-than half the affected growers go! tirator for the I Honse Un.; me irouDie 10 vote now. American Activities tee. (AP Wirephoto.) Commit- Goes Back To Painting f YORK Me. (AP) Mrs. Frank L. Garfield took up paint ing for fun, at the age of 70. She studied art as a girL Then she married and was so active as a minister's wife and so busy with her family that it wasn't until re tirement tnat she could paint again.: Now, Hearing 90, she not only keeps house but creates, sells and gives away paintings. Her work is liked so well in this Maine community, center of a thriving summer resort area, that she has been commissioned to do a paint ing for the Community House of the First Parish Church. f Odd Story Makes Odd Round Trip DUNCANNON, Pa. (UP) A lost wallet, 403 bales of hay and a man's suit were involved in this "it's a small world' example. The well-laden wallet belonged to Glenn Smith, of : nearly Ickes- burg. who lost it while baling hay last summer. He had to open 405 bales before he recovered the wal let and money. The suit belonged to Glenn Fish er, of Duncannon, who had donat ed it to a clothing fund for ship ment to West Germany. He had forgotten te remove a note con taining his name and address from a pocket. j Recently Fisher" was surprised to receive a gift package from the German recipient of his suit While taking the German news paper wrapping from the gift, Fish er noticed the word "Pennsylvan ia mixed in with the German phrases in one of the news stories. Curious, he had the entire story translated. The translation read: "Fifteen days ago, farmer Glenn Smith of Pennsylvania, while bal ing hay, lost his wallet containing $490. Methodically j he searched through every bale of hay. In the 405th bale he found it." ' In the referendum held a few : weeks ago on quotas for the 1936 i wheat crop, only about 330,000 of; the estimated 1.400.000 . eligible farmers voted. This was less than ! one-fourth. In this case . only 18 per cent of the eligible farmers ap-1 proved the controls. Yet they were able to put the controls on all the growers. ' ', , Benson's immediate predecessor i as farm secretary Charles F. Bran- nan, proposed wnue ne was in ot- 1 1 flee that authority to invoke mark- eting quotas be extended to virtu-; ally all farm commodities, mclud- j big livestock, poultry, I eggs and milk. A bill to carry out his reconv; mendations was sent to Congress. ; but it was never given serious con sideration. 'Bottom Falls' Out of Lake PADUCAH. 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