ICMStc 1-Stattsman, Salem, On., Sunday, Aug. 14, 1955
Sec. Benson, 'Despiser' of
Controls on Crops, Employs
More Than All Predecessors
I By OVID A. MARTIN
4 Associated Press Farm Reporter
t WASHINGTON UP Secretary cf
Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson has
Stated repeatedly that he dislikes
federal crop controls. But circum
stances are requiring that he em
ploy them more than any of his
predecessors. ;
He has invoked rigid marketing
quotas this year on wheat, cotton.
under controls this season were
held last year. - !
One this year was for quotas on
the 1936 wheat crop. It was ap
proved by 77 JS per cent of the
growers voting. Another was on a
proposed reduction in previous
ly announced quotas for this year's
crop of burley tobacco. It won by
a majority of 96 per cent
The third referendum was on
rice, peanuts and major types of .the we&on of authorizing quotas
tobacco I lur we israo, 13a ( anu ivoo ciups
I Before th vMr is om- will i of flue-cured tobacco.! It gave an
have to impose them on the same
.crops for next year:
J Although farmers themselves
may or may not like the controls,
they have been writing a pretty
.good record of approving them.
The farm law of 1938. authorizing
'marketing restrictions, requires
that they be approved by at least
two-thirds of the farmers voting in
-a referendum.
,t& Referenda
1 v since then, the department has
jbeld 68 such referenda. In 50 of
.them, growers approved quotas
bfle in 18 they disapproved.
1 The circumstances that require
: Benson to use quota restrictions are
3 the accumulation of surplus crops'
I and a requirement of farm law that
j the limitations be invoked subject
j to grower approval when oversup
I plies develop. ; -4
, By the time this year's harvest
jlng has been completed, upwards
I of 12 billion dollars worth of farm
j surpluses are likely to be stored
under government farm programs..
Farmers themselves are under
great economic pressure to approve
quotas, whether they like them or
not. If the quotas are approved, the
government will support grower
prices of the affected crop at a
relatively favorable level. But if
they are rejected, the support lev
els are cut to a very low level. !
In the case of tobacco, price sup
ports are withdrawn completely if
controls are voted down.
Hesitate to Vote
Inasmuch as market prices fol
low closely the support level, many
farmers hesitate to vote against
controls lest prices drop to depres
sion levels.
In most cases where Benson has
Invoked controls, he has in effect
apologized, explaining his dislike
of the idea that farmers be con
trolled from Washington. Yet be
has never once suggested that the
law be changed to eliminate the
controls. He has said that he real
izes they are needed unto war-
expanded farm production has been
ad rusted to peacetime demands.
Benson feels that once this ad
Justment has been achieved, farm
production can be guided simply
by varying the level of government
price supports. Under the adminis
tration sponsored flexible price sup
port system, price guarantees are
high in times of shortages to en
courage production and are low in
times of surplus supplies to dis
discourage production and to en
courage consumption.
Qnota Approved
The department has conducted
three referenda this year on quotas.
Referenda for other crops produced
over-whelming majority of 97.3 per
cent for controls until the 1939
crop. . '., j ,
Before the year is 1 out, Benson
will bold referenda on quotas for
next year's crops of cotton and
Accused
" -
: v A
WASHINGTON, D. C Rear S.
Van Fosson, above, in office of
aa attorney, after Being freed
on bond following indictment
charging he misused a secret
Air Force document and then
lied about it Van Fosson was
rice as well as on future crops of i
such types of tobacco as burley,
Virginia sun-cured, Maryland aud
two cigar varieties. , : j
AH Waa . . , '
Since 1938, the department has!
held five referenda on quotas for
wheat and all won grower approv
al. There have been nine on cot
ton quotas, all winning approval.
Two referenda have been held &n
rice , controls. The first, which
would have covered the 1939 crop, j
was defeated. The second, held fcr I
this year's crop, was approved by '
a 90 per cent margin. j
Four referenda have been held
for peanuts each for a three-year I
period. All gave quotas approval. )
Two have been held on quotas cn
extra long staple cotton, a specialty
type. And they were favorable.
Quotas on tobacco have had some
what harder times winning grower
approval The department has held
46 tobacco referenda. In 17 of
them, farmers turned down the j
controls. The rejections came chief-1
ly on quotas on minor types of
tobacco grown in Northeastern i
parts of the country, principally J
those used for making cigars. !
Aatharity Limited 1 i
In the beginning, authority to use
nuntac wae limited tn nn Ho. I
scribed as being "basic" to agri
culture. These were cotton, wheat,
com, rice, peanuts and rice. None
was ever proposed for corn, al
though there have been times when
the supply approached the point
where it. would have been neces
sary to invoke quotas.
"Last year Congress amended the
law to exempt corn from quotas.
This action was taken upon the
generally accepted contention that
it would be impossible to enforce
corn quotas because such a large
portion of this crop is used, as live-
M. ll f 1 I
grown, ine uiner crops cuverea vy
quotas are largely market crops.
On the whole, farmers have giv
en quotas on cotton and flue-cured
and burley types of tobacco larg
er majorities than have growers
of other crops.
Matter of Conjecture
Whether the referenda ; give a
true picture of how farmers feel
wisf s. mm sm
I v? no i : i Erpn 6 nn7 n n: :',v:"
1 VV-IUJIMI I U cli 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i "IftilH LA:Z-i
arrested in Washington. Van
rosson resignea nom me aiti " vu....v ,
Force last Nav. ' 23 and was a matter of conjecture. Often less
hired the next day as an inves-than half the affected growers go!
tirator for the I Honse Un.; me irouDie 10 vote now.
American Activities
tee. (AP Wirephoto.)
Commit-
Goes Back
To Painting
f YORK Me. (AP) Mrs.
Frank L. Garfield took up paint
ing for fun, at the age of 70. She
studied art as a girL Then she
married and was so active as a
minister's wife and so busy with
her family that it wasn't until re
tirement tnat she could paint
again.:
Now, Hearing 90, she not only
keeps house but creates, sells and
gives away paintings. Her work
is liked so well in this Maine
community, center of a thriving
summer resort area, that she has
been commissioned to do a paint
ing for the Community House of
the First Parish Church.
f
Odd Story
Makes Odd
Round Trip
DUNCANNON, Pa. (UP) A
lost wallet, 403 bales of hay and
a man's suit were involved in this
"it's a small world' example.
The well-laden wallet belonged
to Glenn Smith, of : nearly Ickes-
burg. who lost it while baling hay
last summer. He had to open 405
bales before he recovered the wal
let and money.
The suit belonged to Glenn Fish
er, of Duncannon, who had donat
ed it to a clothing fund for ship
ment to West Germany. He had
forgotten te remove a note con
taining his name and address from
a pocket. j
Recently Fisher" was surprised
to receive a gift package from the
German recipient of his suit
While taking the German news
paper wrapping from the gift, Fish
er noticed the word "Pennsylvan
ia mixed in with the German
phrases in one of the news stories.
Curious, he had the entire story
translated. The translation read:
"Fifteen days ago, farmer Glenn
Smith of Pennsylvania, while bal
ing hay, lost his wallet containing
$490. Methodically j he searched
through every bale of hay. In the
405th bale he found it." '
In the referendum held a few :
weeks ago on quotas for the 1936 i
wheat crop, only about 330,000 of;
the estimated 1.400.000 . eligible
farmers voted. This was less than !
one-fourth. In this case . only 18
per cent of the eligible farmers ap-1
proved the controls. Yet they were
able to put the controls on all the
growers. ' ', ,
Benson's immediate predecessor i
as farm secretary Charles F. Bran-
nan, proposed wnue ne was in ot- 1 1
flee that authority to invoke mark-
eting quotas be extended to virtu-;
ally all farm commodities, mclud- j
big livestock, poultry, I eggs and
milk.
A bill to carry out his reconv;
mendations was sent to Congress. ;
but it was never given serious con
sideration.
'Bottom Falls'
Out of Lake
PADUCAH. Ky. tfi The bot-!
torn fell out of Boyd Satterfield's j
four-acre lake.
"You could see the water i
leave, the fall was so fast," said
Bill Jones, Satterfield's neighbor.
Anlif Aa rAmo ino1 A.
large black hole, of undeter
mined depth, yawned at one side.
It had swallowed the water and
many fish.
One explanation was that the
bottom collapsed because the
limestone farther down had been
honeycombed by underground
streams.
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