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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 21, 1952)
Hard Talk In Korea 1 IN THE big tents at Panmunjom one day this week, tha Korean truce talks sank to a level of bit ter name-calling and accusations. The tone of the talks was such that many observers feared a breakdown. In Washington, Gen. Omar N. Bradley, chairman of the XT. S. Joint Chlefi of Staff, said com plete military plans were ready should the truce talks collapse. The touchy Panmunjom negotia tions, at which the Communists often appeared alternately stubborn and conciliatory, were complicated by a Bed charge that Allied bombs killed at least 10 prisoners and wounded 60 In a Red POW camp. The Communists said a U.N. plane bombed a North Korean prison camp at Kangdong 18 miles northeast of Pyongyang, Red Korean capital Pre viously one American and 1,591 South Koreans were listed as prisoners at Kangdong. Communist Threats While truce delegates at Panmun jom exchanged heated words, the Communist Radio at Peiping took a threatening tone. Quoting Red propa gandist Alan Wilmington, the broad cast, heard in San Francisco, said: "The entire outcome of the negotia tions is being Imperilled by the Americans' gambling that the Ko reans and Chinese will retreat and give way to Gen. Ridgways demands On airfield rehabilitation gambling that toughness will pay." Top U. S. officials said the airfield issue was the major obstacle to a Korean armistice. The Reds insisted that any ban on rehabilitation of combat airfields would infringe on North Korean sovereignty by inter fering in internal affairs. The Reds obscured the airfield ques tion somewhat by accusing the Allies of raiding the North Korean prison Camp and by raising again the charge that U.N. planes had flown over Muk den and other Manchurian cities. The prisoner exchange issue got tangled up over Allied insistence that POWs in U.N. camps be given a free Choice as to whether they wanted to fo back to the Communist side or stay On the Allied side. Arms Modern Design Secretary Dan Kimball says the Navy plans to build a series of 10 60,000-ton supercarriers, one a year for a decade. The Navy, Kimball added, hopes some of them will be driven by atomic power. Prototype of the new family of car riers bigger by about 15,000 tons than any now afloat will be the US3 Forres tal, now under contract for building at Newport News, Va. The Forrestal will be an entirely new type carrier. The usual island superstruc ture will be retractable to allow use of the full width of the flight deck. This will mean that atomic bomb carrying planes can take off and land. Army Redesigns Tanks While the Navy was working on its plans for the future, the Army an nounced "certain dfsired modifica tions'' are being made in the designs ef light and medium tanks. The Army announced that medium and light tanks now under production are superior to any tank within their class known to be possessed by other nations of the world. The new modi fications which, the Army asserts, can be rapidly inserted into production, will still further increase the combat superiority of these tanks. UN: Westerners AT THE United Nations Gen eral Assembly session in Paris, the western Big Three powers took aim this week on a proposal submitted by Russia's Andrei yishinsky. Vishlnsky had proposed a fjmul taneous ban oa atomic weapocl and international control of atomic energy on a "continuing basis." Leading western delegates sought to torpedo the Vishinsky request for an Assembly pronouncement against the use of the atomic bomb by shift ing the Soviet Foreign Minister's pro posals into the newly-created United Nations Disarmament Commissioa for further study. Western Weapon The United States opposed any As sembly restrictions now moral or otherwise on the use of the weapons which give the western powers their chief matcher for the Soviet troop masses. Five United Nations economic ex perts, meanwhile, offered a blueprint to head off or soften a world recession should one threaten -on the heels of current rearmament spending. The report, which will be consid ered by the U.N. Economic and Social Council, called for more international commodity agreements to reduce the impact of short-run swings in the de- ma nd and supply of primary products. Also recommended was expanded, long-term lending by the Internation al Bank for Reconstruction and De- ; velopment to help prevent the set-. back to national development pro-' grams that would be caused by a drop in export receipts and in private in ternational investment. T0D W&(L JAPAN: Red Trade ' ' ' --Rvl In 7 ti- i -a. ODDOOODOUUa a Red Asia can THE Japanese Government is determined to turn its back on the commercial temptations of recognizing Red China. Premier Shigeru Yoshida, in a letter this week to United States Ambassador at large John Foster Dulles, gave assurances that Japan win not recognize communist China and hopes to conclude a peace treaty with Nationalist China. Actually, trade with Communist Asia poses one of the big problems for Japanese planners today. The United States officially is committed to a policy of leaving such questions l 13 Japan, but there is no doubt that the U.S. would prefer Japanese recognition of the Chinese Nationalist regime on Formosa. Soviet Pressure The decision to take such a step means that Japan is willing to face the loss of valuable raw materials sources in Communist-held territory. The Soviet Union, despite Premier Yoshida's assurances to the U.S., is currently conducting a campaign to woo Japan away from the West. In formants in Tokyo say the Russians want their representatives in Japan even though they refuse to accept the Japanese Peace Treaty signed last September in San Francisco. A trade mission would serve Rus sian purposes even without full diplo matic relations. As things stand now the Soviets are in Japan only as members of the Al lied Council for Japan, an advisory group under the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. When the peace treaty is ratified, the Allied Council Counter USSR V v ' - " f!--i UNION OF SOVIET OCIALIST REPUBLIC ANDREI VISHINSKY Dates Monday, January 21 President Truman's annual Budget Message goes to Con gress. Atlantic Fleet begins cold weather exercises in northwest Atlantic. Friday, January 25 Midwest Democratic Confer ence opens in Kansas City, Mo. Saturday, January 28 Anniversary of the federation, in 1900, of the six states which now comprise the Commonwealth of Australia.' tvi-v 'd9: : TTTP "l "i niHIUML m JAPAN ON THE SPOT supply petroleum, soy beans, and will go out of business. The Russians would then lose their only reason for remaining in Japan. That is where the trade mission would come in. The Russians already have started preparations for the changeover. In the past two months, they have cut the total of military personnel in Tokyo. The soldiers have been re placed by Soviet economists. Reds Offer Goods The objective of the Russians is to put the heat on Japan economically. As an early step in that direction, they have offered the Japanese coking coal from the Soviet-held island of Sakhalin for about half the American price. Japan is equally interested in iron ore, petroleum, soy beans and other products which Communist Asia can supply. Complicating the picture is the atti tude of the British. Foreign Office officials in London have made it plain Britain opposes any western efforts to influence Japan's future relations with the Red Peiping regime, which England recognizes. Britain's present attitude towards Japan stems in part from a desire to Science Progress in Polio Fight From the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis this week came important news. A long search has un covered the only three viruses which cause polio. The new development is the result of a three-year, worldwide study. Trial of a vaccine, which has been waiting for the study to be completed can now get underway. The vaccine has been available for nearly six years. It could not be satis factorily tested as long as the number of different viruses causing polio was unknown. Now the vaccine, developed at Johns Hopkins University and used with success on monkeys, can be pre pared for human tests. The job will be to develop a new vaccine which can protect against all three viruses, not against just one. Sidelights In Austin, Tex., Jesse James an nounced for re-election as state treasurer. He's no kin to the early-day Missouri outlaw. In McKeesport, Pa., a second floor apartment tenant decided to do some thing about the loud music in the tavern downstairs, took an unloaded shotgun, entered the tavern and de manded: "Stop the music. The music stopped, but the angry tenant was arrested and fined 150 for disturbing the peace. In Hobart, Okla, S. A. Foote, 101, was granted a divorce from his wife Nannie, 88. Grounds: they couldn't get along after some of their children, all past SO, came to live with them. J aL -rsrz. r - -i y - ft f oifsi t 1 r i ?y Spurned i V coking coal. see that Industrial nation's tradition al trade restored with the Chinese mainland. In recent years Japanese exports to Southeast Asia, Africa and South America have gained at the expense of British goods. The edge would largely be taken off Japanese competition in the British view if her goods could be diverted to the un tapped markets of mainland China. POLITICS: Pulse V !,. ns I V rw I - it ' MlftftlRlll I S' .v-" NEW HAMPSHIRE EISENHOWER BOOSTERS Gov. Sherman Adams, right. State Rep. E. H. Young, left. POLITICALLY, the nation's pulsebeat .as still palpitating this week and the big election year was only three weeks old. The Republican National Committee held a meeting in San Fran cisco, Louisiana held a Democratic primary election, and Tennessee's Democratic Sen. Estes Kefauver, a cautious White House aspirant, held March 11, will elect delegates to both a conference with President Truman, the Republican and Democratic con- In New York, the Wall Street Jour nal caused some raised eyebrows by declaring in a dispatch from Paris that Gen. Eisenhdwer doesn't want to be President of the United States. Move to Farm Said the Journal: "Eisenhower gen uinely prefers to stay out of politics, finish his job of building western Europe's defense and then move to a farm in America where he can live quietly and do a little golfing and hunting now and then." At the San Francisco meeting of the Republican National Committee two avowed candidates. Gov. Earl Warren of California, and former Gov. Harold E. Stassen, of Minnesota, made speeches. Sen. Robert A. Taft, also an announced candidate, sent his cam paign manager, David S. Ingalls, to speak for him. Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts, represented Gen. Eisenhower. A poll conducted among delegates to the GOP San Francisco meeting showed that, among those who were willing to go on record, Sen. Taft was the favorite candidate. The New Hampshire primaries, oa Europe Boost for Unity The cause of European unity got a potent shot in the arm this week when the West German Bundestag ratified the Schuman Plan. The action in Bonn virtually as sured a successful beginning for the multi-billion dollar pool of western Europe's steel and coal production un der the scheme which bears the name of French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman. It should get underway within the next few months. In France, West Germany and Hol land, the lower houses of parliament have now ratified the plan. Adoption in the respective upper chambers is taken for granted. Other root Projects Belgium, Luxembourg and Italy are expected to follow suit. When the ratification process is completed, the six countries will be taking part in a sort of federal admin istration which is to operate the pool. Two other pool projects, advanced in the Council of Europe's Consultative Assembly at Strasbourg last year, are in the works. These are proposals for a united agricultural market and e combined transport organization. In Washington, meanwhile, observ ers expected a reorganization of tha North Atlantic Treaty Organization's structure to follow the nomination by President Truman of William H. Draper Jr., as his special representa tive in Europe with the rank of am bassador. The NATO reorganization was ex pected to involve the formation of a board, tha members of which would have cabinet or ministerial rank. Quotes Sen. Owen Brewster (R-Me.), after a trip to many of the world's trouble spots: T don't expect a world war to break out this year. I think Russia is fully as afraid of war as we are." Chester Bowles, U. S. Am bassador to India: "The Commu nist situation in the south of In dia is rugged, but nothing a fuller stomach won't fix." Gesw Omar N. Bradley, chair man of the U. S. Joint Chiefs of Staff: "I am hopeful of a con clusive military armistice in Ko rea, but there is a price we will not pay appeasement. Rate Rapid 1 xm ma ventions. Six prominent New Hamp shire political figures have filed en tries for the state's primary election. listing themselves as "favorable to" Gen. Eisenhower. In Short Rescued: 226 persons stranded ia the blizzard - blasted High Sierra Mountains aboard a luxurious cross country passenger train. Appelated: by the British, Gen. Sir Gerald Templer as high commis sioner for Malaya to direct the cam paign to end the Communist guer rilla war there. Approved: unanimously, by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, the admission of Greece and Turkey into the North Atlantic Treaty Or ganization. Jinxed Agaim: Capt. Henrik Carl sen, skipper of the late Flying Enter prise, whose homecoming was delayed this week by airplane engine trouble. Born: to Queen Narriman, second wife of King Farouk of Egypt, a boy, the king's first son. (AO, Might Congress Puts In q Busy Second Week' THERE was plenty of action on the Congressional front this week but not all of it was legis lative. A speech by Britain's Prime Minister Winston Churchill, a presidential economic message and recommendation foe reorganlratton of the Bureau of Internal Revenue, a pay hike for servicemen, and a bin pro viding self-rule for the District of Columbia gg1 the Congression al calendar. Badges f-Ff rjg Th President's economic message asked $3,000,000,000 for new taxes; warned of dangerous deficits ahead; called for more workers and increased output; urged a two-year extension of tha Mobilization Act and forecast a "most difficult" defense year ahead but little hardship. The District of Columbia self rule bill, meanwhile, -stirred up opposition among a group of southern senators led by South Carolina's Democratic Sen. Johnston. Senate and House committees spent much of this week preparing biH for later consideration. Coming up is the President's new budget which was expected to call for about $83,000,000,000 in new appro priations from Congress. Actual spending, however, probably will run considerably higher. Big Spending Program Officials expect President Truman to outline an eye-popping spending pro gram of about $85,000,000,000 for the year beginning next July 1. This com pares with estimated spending of about $70,000,000,000 this fiscal year. Asia Jitters in the Southeast Reports persisted this week that Southeast Asia is a prime target for new Red aggression. Unconfirmed reports that Red China is mobilizing for an invasion of the vital area came anew from Hong Kong and Formosa. From Moscow came a charge that the United States, France and Britain are conspiring for "new war ventures' in the same area. The Soviet press headlined accusa tions that the United States is plan ning to turn Southeast Asia into "an other Korea." West Faces Decision The Nationalist Chinese defense ministry on Formosa claimed, mean while, that Red troops are massed at South China bases awaiting the signal to move southward. The Red threat to Southeast Asia created a fateful issue on which the United States and its allies would have to make some decision. Should the U. S. fight any more Korea-type wars around the borders of the Krem lin's Red empire? The issue was presumably the sub ject of a grand strategy session last week between top officers of the De fense and State Departments, Presi dent Truman, British and French of ficials. MIDDLE EAST: ill r ,h n 4. r BRITISH ON THE ALERT IN EGYPT ' : "Our blood shall avenge you ..." BRITAIN'S Middle Eastern headaches showed no signs of letting, up this week. i Egypt threatened to expel all British subjects while Iran's Anglo phobe Premier Mohammed Mossadegh stuck by his plan to close tha nine isnusn consulates in nis country. Along the Suez Canal, meanwhile, Egyptian snipers clashed with British troops in engagements that became increasingly severe. By British count, the toll of dead in a week's fighting in the area totalled more than two dozen. In Cairo, some 8,000 grim-faced stu dents of Fuad University marched in a mile-long funeral procession through the streets, escorting the flag-draped body of a classmate who was killed in last week's fighting in the canal zone. The procession was orderly, but po lice were on the alert throughout the city and many merchants clanged steel shutters down over their shop windows. 1 f t WINSTON CHURCHILL ? On this score, the Presidents budget message would represent a major turning point in the U. S. effort to bolster free world defenses ia what Mr. Truman calls a period of grave danger. For three years new appropriations have far exceeded actual spending by a total of about $70,000,000,000. This was the period when all plans called for rapid expansion in - the years ahead. Dollars were voted to be paid out several years later when military goods came off assembly lines. Now the fiscal trends have reversed and for the first time in several years new appropriations are expected to be less than spending. Defense Steel Remains Critical One of the most critical problems badgering U. S. defense planners Is steel bow to get enough, of it and how to avert a threatened strike in the industry. i h The nation's steelmakers say the steel problem boils dowa to a triple threat proposition. They are request ed to furnish more steel to Britain while American consumers are being rationed further to aid our defense effort. The request comes -at a time when the steel mills are so short of scrap that some furnaces are shut down for lack of it. The problem of higher wages and prices in the steel industry will be hanging around for at least another mu ui lxuc ecu. x ue cjuciaj sxeei dispute hearings, currently in recess, will resume in New York Feb. 1. Steelworkers say the industry can pay them a 50 cent hourly wage in crease out of "excess profits. The industry says this will mean higher prices and a tough problem for the Government, which would have to consent to any price hike. - - When hearings are resumed the Wage Stabilization Board will be working under extreme time pressure to come up with a recommended set tlement. Crisis Mounts The students carried banners pro claiming: "Our blood shall avenge, you." While violence continued In Egypt the British Ambassador ta Tehran. some 1,200 miles cross the Middle East from Cairo, made an urgent call at Premier Mossadegh's bedside to urge withdrawal of the order for clo ing the British consulates and vice consulates in Iran. The ambassador, Sir Francis Shep herd, met a firm refusal. Mossades told the British envoy that Iran's de mand, for closing down the consular offices in the country by Jan. 21 woiil4 stand as long as he Is premier. The British refused to close their mnmlitM. .'" i i X T 1
