Hard Talk
In Korea 1
IN THE big tents at Panmunjom
one day this week, tha Korean
truce talks sank to a level of bit
ter name-calling and accusations.
The tone of the talks was such
that many observers feared a
breakdown. In Washington, Gen.
Omar N. Bradley, chairman of the
XT. S. Joint Chlefi of Staff, said com
plete military plans were ready
should the truce talks collapse.
The touchy Panmunjom negotia
tions, at which the Communists often
appeared alternately stubborn and
conciliatory, were complicated by a
Bed charge that Allied bombs killed
at least 10 prisoners and wounded 60
In a Red POW camp.
The Communists said a U.N. plane
bombed a North Korean prison camp
at Kangdong 18 miles northeast of
Pyongyang, Red Korean capital Pre
viously one American and 1,591 South
Koreans were listed as prisoners at
Kangdong.
Communist Threats
While truce delegates at Panmun
jom exchanged heated words, the
Communist Radio at Peiping took a
threatening tone. Quoting Red propa
gandist Alan Wilmington, the broad
cast, heard in San Francisco, said:
"The entire outcome of the negotia
tions is being Imperilled by the
Americans' gambling that the Ko
reans and Chinese will retreat and
give way to Gen. Ridgways demands
On airfield rehabilitation gambling
that toughness will pay."
Top U. S. officials said the airfield
issue was the major obstacle to a
Korean armistice. The Reds insisted
that any ban on rehabilitation of
combat airfields would infringe on
North Korean sovereignty by inter
fering in internal affairs.
The Reds obscured the airfield ques
tion somewhat by accusing the Allies
of raiding the North Korean prison
Camp and by raising again the charge
that U.N. planes had flown over Muk
den and other Manchurian cities.
The prisoner exchange issue got
tangled up over Allied insistence that
POWs in U.N. camps be given a free
Choice as to whether they wanted to
fo back to the Communist side or stay
On the Allied side.
Arms
Modern Design
Secretary Dan Kimball says the
Navy plans to build a series of 10
60,000-ton supercarriers, one a year
for a decade. The Navy, Kimball
added, hopes some of them will be
driven by atomic power.
Prototype of the new family of car
riers bigger by about 15,000 tons
than any now afloat will be the US3
Forres tal, now under contract for
building at Newport News, Va. The
Forrestal will be an entirely new type
carrier. The usual island superstruc
ture will be retractable to allow use
of the full width of the flight deck.
This will mean that atomic bomb
carrying planes can take off and land.
Army Redesigns Tanks
While the Navy was working on its
plans for the future, the Army an
nounced "certain dfsired modifica
tions'' are being made in the designs
ef light and medium tanks.
The Army announced that medium
and light tanks now under production
are superior to any tank within their
class known to be possessed by other
nations of the world. The new modi
fications which, the Army asserts, can
be rapidly inserted into production,
will still further increase the combat
superiority of these tanks.
UN: Westerners
AT THE United Nations Gen
eral Assembly session in Paris,
the western Big Three powers
took aim this week on a proposal
submitted by Russia's Andrei
yishinsky.
Vishlnsky had proposed a fjmul
taneous ban oa atomic weapocl and
international control of atomic energy
on a "continuing basis."
Leading western delegates sought
to torpedo the Vishinsky request for
an Assembly pronouncement against
the use of the atomic bomb by shift
ing the Soviet Foreign Minister's pro
posals into the newly-created United
Nations Disarmament Commissioa for
further study.
Western Weapon
The United States opposed any As
sembly restrictions now moral or
otherwise on the use of the weapons
which give the western powers their
chief matcher for the Soviet troop
masses.
Five United Nations economic ex
perts, meanwhile, offered a blueprint
to head off or soften a world recession
should one threaten -on the heels of
current rearmament spending.
The report, which will be consid
ered by the U.N. Economic and Social
Council, called for more international
commodity agreements to reduce the
impact of short-run swings in the de-
ma nd and supply of primary products.
Also recommended was expanded,
long-term lending by the Internation
al Bank for Reconstruction and De- ;
velopment to help prevent the set-.
back to national development pro-'
grams that would be caused by a drop
in export receipts and in private in
ternational investment.
T0D W&(L
JAPAN: Red Trade
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ODDOOODOUUa
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Red Asia can
THE Japanese Government is determined to turn its back on the
commercial temptations of recognizing Red China.
Premier Shigeru Yoshida, in a letter this week to United States
Ambassador at large John Foster Dulles, gave assurances that Japan
win not recognize communist China and hopes to conclude a peace
treaty with Nationalist China.
Actually, trade with Communist
Asia poses one of the big problems
for Japanese planners today. The
United States officially is committed
to a policy of leaving such questions
l 13 Japan, but there is no doubt
that the U.S. would prefer Japanese
recognition of the Chinese Nationalist
regime on Formosa.
Soviet Pressure
The decision to take such a step
means that Japan is willing to face the
loss of valuable raw materials sources
in Communist-held territory.
The Soviet Union, despite Premier
Yoshida's assurances to the U.S., is
currently conducting a campaign to
woo Japan away from the West. In
formants in Tokyo say the Russians
want their representatives in Japan
even though they refuse to accept the
Japanese Peace Treaty signed last
September in San Francisco.
A trade mission would serve Rus
sian purposes even without full diplo
matic relations.
As things stand now the Soviets are
in Japan only as members of the Al
lied Council for Japan, an advisory
group under the Supreme Commander
for the Allied Powers. When the peace
treaty is ratified, the Allied Council
Counter USSR
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UNION OF SOVIET
OCIALIST REPUBLIC
ANDREI VISHINSKY
Dates
Monday, January 21
President Truman's annual
Budget Message goes to Con
gress. Atlantic Fleet begins cold
weather exercises in northwest
Atlantic.
Friday, January 25
Midwest Democratic Confer
ence opens in Kansas City, Mo.
Saturday, January 28
Anniversary of the federation,
in 1900, of the six states which
now comprise the Commonwealth
of Australia.'
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JAPAN ON THE SPOT
supply petroleum, soy beans, and
will go out of business. The Russians
would then lose their only reason for
remaining in Japan.
That is where the trade mission
would come in.
The Russians already have started
preparations for the changeover. In
the past two months, they have cut
the total of military personnel in
Tokyo. The soldiers have been re
placed by Soviet economists.
Reds Offer Goods
The objective of the Russians is to
put the heat on Japan economically.
As an early step in that direction,
they have offered the Japanese coking
coal from the Soviet-held island of
Sakhalin for about half the American
price.
Japan is equally interested in iron
ore, petroleum, soy beans and other
products which Communist Asia can
supply.
Complicating the picture is the atti
tude of the British. Foreign Office
officials in London have made it plain
Britain opposes any western efforts
to influence Japan's future relations
with the Red Peiping regime, which
England recognizes.
Britain's present attitude towards
Japan stems in part from a desire to
Science
Progress in Polio Fight
From the National Foundation for
Infantile Paralysis this week came
important news. A long search has un
covered the only three viruses which
cause polio.
The new development is the result
of a three-year, worldwide study.
Trial of a vaccine, which has been
waiting for the study to be completed
can now get underway.
The vaccine has been available for
nearly six years. It could not be satis
factorily tested as long as the number
of different viruses causing polio was
unknown. Now the vaccine, developed
at Johns Hopkins University and used
with success on monkeys, can be pre
pared for human tests.
The job will be to develop a new
vaccine which can protect against all
three viruses, not against just one.
Sidelights
In Austin, Tex., Jesse James an
nounced for re-election as state
treasurer. He's no kin to the early-day
Missouri outlaw.
In McKeesport, Pa., a second floor
apartment tenant decided to do some
thing about the loud music in the
tavern downstairs, took an unloaded
shotgun, entered the tavern and de
manded: "Stop the music. The music
stopped, but the angry tenant was
arrested and fined 150 for disturbing
the peace.
In Hobart, Okla, S. A. Foote, 101,
was granted a divorce from his wife
Nannie, 88. Grounds: they couldn't
get along after some of their children,
all past SO, came to live with them.
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Spurned
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coking coal.
see that Industrial nation's tradition
al trade restored with the Chinese
mainland. In recent years Japanese
exports to Southeast Asia, Africa and
South America have gained at the
expense of British goods. The edge
would largely be taken off Japanese
competition in the British view if her
goods could be diverted to the un
tapped markets of mainland China.
POLITICS: Pulse
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NEW HAMPSHIRE EISENHOWER BOOSTERS
Gov. Sherman Adams, right. State Rep. E. H. Young, left.
POLITICALLY, the nation's pulsebeat .as still palpitating this
week and the big election year was only three weeks old.
The Republican National Committee held a meeting in San Fran
cisco, Louisiana held a Democratic primary election, and Tennessee's
Democratic Sen. Estes Kefauver, a
cautious White House aspirant, held March 11, will elect delegates to both
a conference with President Truman, the Republican and Democratic con-
In New York, the Wall Street Jour
nal caused some raised eyebrows by
declaring in a dispatch from Paris
that Gen. Eisenhdwer doesn't want to
be President of the United States.
Move to Farm
Said the Journal: "Eisenhower gen
uinely prefers to stay out of politics,
finish his job of building western
Europe's defense and then move to a
farm in America where he can live
quietly and do a little golfing and
hunting now and then."
At the San Francisco meeting of the
Republican National Committee two
avowed candidates. Gov. Earl Warren
of California, and former Gov. Harold
E. Stassen, of Minnesota, made
speeches. Sen. Robert A. Taft, also an
announced candidate, sent his cam
paign manager, David S. Ingalls, to
speak for him. Sen. Henry Cabot
Lodge, of Massachusetts, represented
Gen. Eisenhower.
A poll conducted among delegates
to the GOP San Francisco meeting
showed that, among those who were
willing to go on record, Sen. Taft
was the favorite candidate.
The New Hampshire primaries, oa
Europe
Boost for Unity
The cause of European unity got a
potent shot in the arm this week when
the West German Bundestag ratified
the Schuman Plan.
The action in Bonn virtually as
sured a successful beginning for the
multi-billion dollar pool of western
Europe's steel and coal production un
der the scheme which bears the name
of French Foreign Minister Robert
Schuman. It should get underway
within the next few months.
In France, West Germany and Hol
land, the lower houses of parliament
have now ratified the plan. Adoption
in the respective upper chambers is
taken for granted.
Other root Projects
Belgium, Luxembourg and Italy are
expected to follow suit.
When the ratification process is
completed, the six countries will be
taking part in a sort of federal admin
istration which is to operate the pool.
Two other pool projects, advanced in
the Council of Europe's Consultative
Assembly at Strasbourg last year, are
in the works. These are proposals for
a united agricultural market and e
combined transport organization.
In Washington, meanwhile, observ
ers expected a reorganization of tha
North Atlantic Treaty Organization's
structure to follow the nomination
by President Truman of William H.
Draper Jr., as his special representa
tive in Europe with the rank of am
bassador. The NATO reorganization was ex
pected to involve the formation of a
board, tha members of which would
have cabinet or ministerial rank.
Quotes
Sen. Owen Brewster (R-Me.),
after a trip to many of the
world's trouble spots: T don't
expect a world war to break out
this year. I think Russia is fully
as afraid of war as we are."
Chester Bowles, U. S. Am
bassador to India: "The Commu
nist situation in the south of In
dia is rugged, but nothing a fuller
stomach won't fix."
Gesw Omar N. Bradley, chair
man of the U. S. Joint Chiefs of
Staff: "I am hopeful of a con
clusive military armistice in Ko
rea, but there is a price we will
not pay appeasement.
Rate Rapid
1
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ventions. Six prominent New Hamp
shire political figures have filed en
tries for the state's primary election.
listing themselves as "favorable to"
Gen. Eisenhower.
In Short
Rescued: 226 persons stranded ia
the blizzard - blasted High Sierra
Mountains aboard a luxurious cross
country passenger train.
Appelated: by the British, Gen.
Sir Gerald Templer as high commis
sioner for Malaya to direct the cam
paign to end the Communist guer
rilla war there.
Approved: unanimously, by the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee,
the admission of Greece and Turkey
into the North Atlantic Treaty Or
ganization. Jinxed Agaim: Capt. Henrik Carl
sen, skipper of the late Flying Enter
prise, whose homecoming was delayed
this week by airplane engine trouble.
Born: to Queen Narriman, second
wife of King Farouk of Egypt, a boy,
the king's first son.
(AO, Might
Congress Puts In q
Busy Second Week'
THERE was plenty of action on
the Congressional front this
week but not all of it was legis
lative. A speech by Britain's Prime
Minister Winston Churchill, a
presidential economic message and
recommendation foe reorganlratton of
the Bureau of Internal Revenue, a pay
hike for servicemen, and a bin pro
viding self-rule for the District of
Columbia gg1 the Congression
al calendar.
Badges f-Ff rjg
Th President's economic message
asked $3,000,000,000 for new taxes;
warned of dangerous deficits ahead;
called for more workers and increased
output; urged a two-year extension
of tha Mobilization Act and forecast
a "most difficult" defense year ahead
but little hardship.
The District of Columbia self rule
bill, meanwhile, -stirred up opposition
among a group of southern senators
led by South Carolina's Democratic
Sen. Johnston.
Senate and House committees spent
much of this week preparing biH for
later consideration.
Coming up is the President's new
budget which was expected to call for
about $83,000,000,000 in new appro
priations from Congress. Actual
spending, however, probably will run
considerably higher.
Big Spending Program
Officials expect President Truman to
outline an eye-popping spending pro
gram of about $85,000,000,000 for the
year beginning next July 1. This com
pares with estimated spending of
about $70,000,000,000 this fiscal year.
Asia
Jitters in the Southeast
Reports persisted this week that
Southeast Asia is a prime target for
new Red aggression.
Unconfirmed reports that Red China
is mobilizing for an invasion of the
vital area came anew from Hong
Kong and Formosa. From Moscow
came a charge that the United States,
France and Britain are conspiring for
"new war ventures' in the same area.
The Soviet press headlined accusa
tions that the United States is plan
ning to turn Southeast Asia into "an
other Korea."
West Faces Decision
The Nationalist Chinese defense
ministry on Formosa claimed, mean
while, that Red troops are massed at
South China bases awaiting the signal
to move southward.
The Red threat to Southeast Asia
created a fateful issue on which the
United States and its allies would
have to make some decision. Should
the U. S. fight any more Korea-type
wars around the borders of the Krem
lin's Red empire?
The issue was presumably the sub
ject of a grand strategy session last
week between top officers of the De
fense and State Departments, Presi
dent Truman, British and French of
ficials. MIDDLE EAST:
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BRITISH ON THE ALERT IN EGYPT ' :
"Our blood shall avenge you ..."
BRITAIN'S Middle Eastern headaches showed no signs of letting,
up this week. i
Egypt threatened to expel all British subjects while Iran's Anglo
phobe Premier Mohammed Mossadegh stuck by his plan to close tha
nine isnusn consulates in nis country.
Along the Suez Canal, meanwhile,
Egyptian snipers clashed with British
troops in engagements that became
increasingly severe. By British count,
the toll of dead in a week's fighting
in the area totalled more than two
dozen.
In Cairo, some 8,000 grim-faced stu
dents of Fuad University marched in
a mile-long funeral procession through
the streets, escorting the flag-draped
body of a classmate who was killed
in last week's fighting in the canal
zone.
The procession was orderly, but po
lice were on the alert throughout the
city and many merchants clanged steel
shutters down over their shop windows.
1
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WINSTON CHURCHILL
?
On this score, the Presidents budget
message would represent a major
turning point in the U. S. effort to
bolster free world defenses ia what
Mr. Truman calls a period of grave
danger.
For three years new appropriations
have far exceeded actual spending by
a total of about $70,000,000,000. This
was the period when all plans called
for rapid expansion in - the years
ahead. Dollars were voted to be paid
out several years later when military
goods came off assembly lines.
Now the fiscal trends have reversed
and for the first time in several years
new appropriations are expected to be
less than spending.
Defense
Steel Remains Critical
One of the most critical problems
badgering U. S. defense planners Is
steel bow to get enough, of it and
how to avert a threatened strike in
the industry. i h
The nation's steelmakers say the
steel problem boils dowa to a triple
threat proposition. They are request
ed to furnish more steel to Britain
while American consumers are being
rationed further to aid our defense
effort. The request comes -at a time
when the steel mills are so short of
scrap that some furnaces are shut
down for lack of it.
The problem of higher wages and
prices in the steel industry will be
hanging around for at least another
mu ui lxuc ecu. x ue cjuciaj sxeei
dispute hearings, currently in recess,
will resume in New York Feb. 1.
Steelworkers say the industry can
pay them a 50 cent hourly wage in
crease out of "excess profits. The
industry says this will mean higher
prices and a tough problem for the
Government, which would have to
consent to any price hike. - -
When hearings are resumed the
Wage Stabilization Board will be
working under extreme time pressure
to come up with a recommended set
tlement. Crisis Mounts
The students carried banners pro
claiming: "Our blood shall avenge,
you."
While violence continued In Egypt
the British Ambassador ta Tehran.
some 1,200 miles cross the Middle
East from Cairo, made an urgent call
at Premier Mossadegh's bedside to
urge withdrawal of the order for clo
ing the British consulates and vice
consulates in Iran.
The ambassador, Sir Francis Shep
herd, met a firm refusal. Mossades
told the British envoy that Iran's de
mand, for closing down the consular
offices in the country by Jan. 21 woiil4
stand as long as he Is premier.
The British refused to close their
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