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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 23, 1949)
Mi l ititi'J) iioir ,miS jti:?Htl. I a . .-.- i .- v ..;:,. j. ' . I..,.. . . . , "4yi U- v. 7:.. r n it L f1 . . m ,- A .Kt . :7l. ' II n1 !rm ; . r": ;rT ft i lit i .. ... -k-i 4 ' K ( -a- REVIEW Wilhelm Pieck, president east German republic, is followed honor guard at his first formal World Keens On Communist Trial l V ..ft i " i DIPLOMATIC capitals around the globe have followed closely the trial, convictioir and sentencing of 11 leaders of the American "Communist Party for criminal conspiracy: against the government of the United States. Interest in the procedure has been keen in Western Europe, particularly, where, small but tightly knit Communist mi norities are a constant threat to coalition; governments. I Foreign observers will keep close check on developments, pending the final verdict on appeal to the Supreme Court. Longest in History The trial was one of the longest criminal trials in American history. It lasted just four days less than nine months. It was characterized by tac tics of delay, obstruction and dis order, resulting in jail sentences for contempt, after the trial's close, of, all five counsel for the defense. Judge Harold R. Medina in his charge to the jury pointed out that the Communist Party, as such, was not on trial. The 1 1 Communist lead ers were tried under a provision of the Smith Act which makes it illegal for individuals to conspire to advo cate or teach the overthrow of the government by force. Tbe jury deliberated seven hours. The jury foreman, jrs. Thelma Dial, Negro housewife, said: "We find the defendants each and every one guilty." In his charge to the jury. Judge Medina declared constitutionality of the Smith Act was no concern of theirs. That question of law will have to be decided by the Supreme Court The Question of Law The issue the Supreme Court will have to settle is whether the Smith Act applied to the Communists as members of a recognized political party, 'abridges constitutional guaran tees of free speech Only two top leaders of the "Po litburo" of the American Communist Party remain at liberty. They are William Z. Foster, 68, national chair man, indicted but too ill of heart dis ease to stand trial, and Elizabeth (lurley Flynn. name to the board efler the other leadet9 had been indicted. SCIENCE: Making Bones Bigger Hope for Polio' Victims Two Mayo Clinic surgeons report leg-lengthening experiments on pup pies which may aid children crippled by inf antile .paralysis. The doctors say bones in one of a puppy's legs can be made to grow longer and bigger than those in an other by increasing the. blood supply to the bones during development. Dr. J. M. Janei and Dr. J. E. Mus- grovi established a unK between tne main arteryandyein of one of a pup py's legs. Ordinarily, blood seeps at a regular volume out of the main artery into smaller vessels supplying muscle and bone. But, with a link established be tween the main artery and ve;n. a kind of traffic jam develops and blood is forced at greater volume than usual through the affected member. The doctors said the procedure must be carried on while the bones still are growing. "It may be." they told the Interna tional Society of Surgery in' conven tion at New Osleans, "that these re nults will have a clinical application in leg lengthening of children with a short lower extremity as the result of poliomyelitis.' Hardening of the Arteries It may be a dietary shortage of one of the lesser known B 'vitamins' which causes hardeningof the arteries. Two University of California medi cal researchers deprived monkeys of pyridoxine, a,lso known as vitamin B-6, for periods ; of from 5 to 16 months and they developed some de- gree of artery hardening. A similar . group of monkeys given pyridoxine throughout the test did not 'develop ". the disease. ' , . The researchers. say the hardening developed much as it doe in humans. . First the, inner lining of the arteries loosened. Then the cells in the lining "multiplied, causing a thickening of the artery wall. To get a sufficient of the Soviet-sponsored i TRAVELER Lowell Thomas, newscaster, waves a a mm m .a.a by his wife as he inspects i crutch state reception in Berlin. broke z r r W II ! . i ! i W ing A New High : The i nation's building I industry began construction of 100,000 homes in September 22 per cent higher than the same month's totals a year go. : . The September total was only 300 homes shy of the postwar: peak set in May, 1948. It is especially notable, says the Bureau of Labor Statistics, because normally at this season building starts decline in anticipation of bad building weather ahead. ! The 1949 building pattern differs widely from last year's. Last year housing starts declined steadily from May on; this year has seen an un broken, month-by-month rise since January. July and August also were record breakers. As a result.: the: first nine months of 1949 have contributed a total of 743,000 new, permanent homes and apartments. Farm homes are not included in the BLS survey. In the first half of the year, BLS statisticians say, rental dwellings in buildings for two or more families amounted to almost 23 per cent of all housing units started. This indicates a growing measure of relief for fam ilies unable to buy homes. A year ago only about one-fifth of all home construction was of the rental type. If construction dips only slightly this month, as housing officials antici pate, the 1949 total is. likely to ap proach a million. The value of September construc tion housing and nonresidential, contract and non-contract rose to $1,902,000,000. BLS says this was $9,000,000 more than August and the 1949 peak in construction outlays. amount pf blood through- the thick ened artery the heart had to pump harder, increasing the blood pressure. The results are significant, patholo gists say, because the hardening was in chronic form, not Just a temporary rise n blood pressure. Pytiddxine is normally present in yeast, lifer and many vegetables. No body knows yet how? much pyridox ine .exists in the average diet, nor how hiuch of it a human; needs. END OF THE U. S. I P 0 ; YcoMMUHiST.J I ) i , ' .'- . r v. ' f 5, i - . . . -; - - ' ', - ' ' 1 - , . f V - : '. i ':: cheerfully on his return to the U.S. tie a thigh in a fall from horse in Tibet. UNIFICATION: The Battle of the THE battle of the Pentagon has reached new intensity. The Air Force and the Army got its chance this week before the House Armed Services Committee to re ply to bitter charges that a clique of strategists at the Pentagon was crippling the Navy and imperiling national defense. The Navy barrage of criticism had been as devastating as an illustrious line of admirals, past and present, could deliver in almost two weeks of testimony. They included Adm. Ches ter W. Nimitz. former chief of Naval Operations; Adm. Raymond Spruance, former commander of the Fifth Fleet; Adm. William F..(Bull) Halsey, for mer commander of the Third Fleet; Adm. William H. P. Blandy. United Front Adm. Louis Denfeld, the present chief of Naval Operations, went all the way with his associates and sub ordinates in condemning policies of Secretary of Defense Louis A. John son. The Navy testimony made these main points: Cards are stacked against the Navy In ' the present unification lineup; the Navy b to be reduced to a convoy status, the Marines to a police force. There is overemphasis on the B-36, actually an inferior plane, that ran be bested la the air by present Navy fighters. The concept of an atomic blits through strategic bombing by land based planes-b inherently unsound. Anonymous Documents Air Force Secretary Stuart Sym ington led off for the rebuttal. He charged a second anonymous docu ment is being circulated about the country. The first one, circulated on Capitol Hill last summer, charged ir- Dates Monday, October 24 United Nations Day. President Truman to dedicate U.N. permanent headquarters building in New York City. Labor Day in New Zealand. Wednesday, October 26 Pope Pius scheduled to make worldwide address to the sick. Sunday, October 30 World Temperance Sunday. Girl Scout Week starts. John Mitchell Day, observed by United Mine Workers in honor of former leader. COMMUNIST LINE i urn ii. Mliirr iniMllf Mill Mil llMllll II ' r- . tf , o va- r- WhmmmhMhmwim iB ill l MWHMMMBMallU TURNCOAT This Chines Nationalist escort vessel, formerly HONORED Jawaharldl Nehrv, Indian prime . mm mm m a . a . ' h. m - mm. on blockade duty, tied up the nese Communists. It is shown TtuicuinouBus tone CHAPLAIN Whit, GADI regularities in the B-36 procurement program. It started the investigation by the House committee and during its hearings Cedric Worth, a Navy Department civilian aide, admitted authorship and also that the charges were false. False as the First Symington said the second anon ymous document entitled "The Strategic Bombing Myth," is much more dangerous than the first, be cause it attacks methods, principles and objectives upon which this coun try must rely in the event of war. , EDUCATION: 1 Gone Are the Days The little red schoolhouse is dis appearing from the national scene but, says the U.S. Office of Education, it is not going fast enough. Thirty years ago there were 200,000 one-teacher schools; today there are less than 80,000. Even so, 45 per cent of all schools in the United States are still of the one-teacher type. Dr. Walter H. Gaumnitz, federal specialist in small and rural high schools, reports that in 30 years the number of one-teacher schools has decreased by 90 per cent or more in Ohio. Washington, Maryland and Indiana. On the other hand, fewer than 33 per cent of such schools has been torn down or replaced in Nebraska, Illinois. Wisconsin, South and North Da kota. "Nearly 50 per cent of the schools in South and North Dakota are of the one-room type," says Dr. Gaumnitz. Fine for Its Day In its day, the one-room school house served the nation very well. Gaumnitz says. It brought the three Rs to every community, however isolated, and it served as a com munity center. The trend, particularly in the last two decades, has been to consolidate rural districts, bringing in pupils by bus. In Short Wed: Sarah Churchill, 34, daughter of Britain's wartime prime minister, at Sea Island, Ga., to Antony Beau champ. British portrait photographer. Predicted: By Commerce Secretary Sawyer, that the steel strike will idle 5,000,000 workers and seriously damage national economy, if it lasts until De cember 1. Passed: By Congress before ad journment, bills for $15,535,000,000 4n military appropriations, including the 58-group Air Force; $1,314,010,000 foreign arms aid; boosting the mini mum wage from 40 to ?5 cents an hour. ! ; IAU Riqht Rarvtf. AP SmtUatmrts) r i Tangtxe River to Oin the Chi- to meet President Kooseveit, lays wreatn on The Hyde Park grave, watching here at a dock in (Shanghai. are his daughter (left), Mme. lakshmi, ambassador to U.S., and Mrs. Roosevelt. Ahrmm tmtm Tmm MY MORALE'S DOWN Symington said the second docu ment is as false as the first and he noted in it a "disturbing similarity" to naval arguments before the com mittee, even to identical quotations. Symington read a letter from Frank lin D'Olier, chairman of the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, that the document painted a picture "diametri cally opposed" to findings of the offi cial government survey. Other witnesses included Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg, Air Force chief of staff; Gen. J. Lawton Collins, Army chief of staff; Gen. Dwight D. Eisen hower, Gen. Omar N. Bradley, chair - Rcom Schools The larger central schools now are often inordinately far from the chil dren's homes, Gaumnitz says. That presents special problems. One is that special efforts are required to bring parents to school often enough to aid the teachers. 'Mass Hysteria' America is suffering a wave of rffass hysteria over Communism, says Sen. Hubert H. Humphrey (D-Minn). Addressing 3,500 New York State school teachers last week in Albany, Sen- Humphrey declared that people instigating this mass hysteria actually are striking out against any manifesta tion of independent, creative thought. "These Commies arCjust a nuisance, like fleas on a dog," he said, adding: "We see evidence of this witch hunting in all sorts of loyalty investi gations, investigations of teachers, at tempts to purge schools and to censor schoolbooks. It is an insult to the American people to tell them a hand ful of zealots are capable of turning America, topsy-turvy." MMBswMieaaeasBHHaeaMSeasMBM ENGAGED The Marquess of Miiford Haven (left) and his fiancee, Mrs, Romaine Simpson, New York divorcee (right), chat with his mother, the Dowager Marchioness, before sailing for the U.S. They plan to be married in Washington early next month. Pentagon Ymrk, tMvM Tim - LET OUT MY UNIFORM 4 INCHES man of the Joint Chiefs, and Secre tary of Defense Johnson. Paul H. Griffith, assistant secretary of Defense, said of the naval testi mony: "We hear a small group of those opposed to unification the will of the people expressed by law howling like Banshees. I have no doubt the die-hards responsible for thb reign of terror have done material damage to the cause of national defense." The Banshee is a Navy jet fighter which the Navy claims can shoot down the B-36. Also, in folklore, a wailing spirit that foretells death. Quotes British Health Minister Aneu rin Be van: "British millionaires are worse off; we intended they should be." In the past, babies and mothers were dying in order to promote the peace and tran quility of the millionaires." Morris Sayre, chairman of the board of the National Associa tion of Manufacturers! "America is gradually coming out of the ether administered by political quacks. The welfare state, with its planned economy, is simply the imprisonment of a whole nation." Janet Latsha, 6, of Nacog doches, Tex., on her first airplane ride: "Now we are close to Jesus." - Russell Janney, New York, who after seven months as juror in the Communist trial, got another summons for jury duty: "Enough is enough." 11 ' " 'V minister, who always wanted m m a mm, Warming Up For Election REPUBLICANS patently intend to make what they call the Truman Administration's trend toward a "labor-socialist govern ment" the basic issue in the 1950 Congressional campaign. A preview of that nationwide po litical struggle can be obtained this fall by studying New York where a not fight for a U.S. Senate seat is being waged by John Foster Dulles, Republican incumbent, and Herbert H. Lehman, Democratic-Liberal can didate. Sen. Dulles, running for elective office for the first time, is proving a tough campaigner. A veteran foreign affairs expert, he is concentrating on domestic issues, lambasting the Tru man Fair Deal program, which Leh man has endorsed fully. Dulles on March Speaking several times a day, Sen. Dulles is invading every section of the state. Gov. Dewey, who appointed Dulles to the Senate after Democratic Sen. Robert F. Wagner resigned, is also traveling about tbe state lauding his appointee as a vital symbol of "democratic freedom" whose skill in foreign affairs must be kept, in Wash ington. Dulles has charged that if the trend toward an all-powerful state is not stopped, "we will have to fight our way back, as Thomas Jefferson said, through revolution." The GOP senator claims that Leh- l maq, is the beneficiary of Communist support and secretly is depending on ; left-wing votes to elect him. Lehman, who served 10 years as New York governor and once was hailed by Franklin D. Roosevelt as "my strong right arm," accuses Dulles of using the "immoral language of dictatorship Communist and Fascist alike always extending a ready wel come to revolution." The former governor has disavowed any desire for Communist aid and says fthe Soviet system is a "wr despotism on the prowl threatening our most cherishedvalues." National Overtone Lehman says Dewey is usint? the Senate fight as prelude far an at- . tempt to win another term in Albany next year and then to seek the Presidency again in 1952. Dewey dis? avows it. The political chips are down and observers across the nation- are keep ing a close watch on the statewide fight Interest within the state is high, too, as evidenced by registration of several hundred thousand more vot- j ers than in other off-year elections.- There is a possibility that Lehman and Dulles will face each other again in 1950. The victor in the November 8 balloting will serve the last year of Wagner's term and must run again next year if he wants a full six years. Sidelights O In Chicago, Howard K. Hansen got a notice to serve on the jury that w as to try him for burglary. i O In Los Angeles, two teen-aged brothers watched a western movie oni television, then played with an old- fashioned revolver. The 10-year-oll boy fell wounded. His 15-year-old brother picked the gun off the floor shot him again to "put him but of his misery." The youngerbrother died. O In 1949 Americans will eat $33,1 000,000 worth of pretzels, says the Nai tional Pretzel Bakers Institute. . I In London, house cats gone wild in the metropolis' bomb rubble jun gles attacked the Tower of London n search of food. The Tower governo reported the wild cats fought resii dent tabbies in an effort to raid thf Towe? quartermaster stores. In Passaic, N. J., a former carnival entertainer, bet 25 cents ; he coulcl break a bottle over his own head, won the wager twice. On a third try he ended, up in the hospital with 1$ stitches and a concussion. . ; f'' At Ottumwa, la., one of the floats ' in the Fire Prevention Week parade -caught fire, had to be extinguished bj : ; firemen, still, won second prize.l " At Tallahassee, Fla a University", of Florida researcher spent three, years detennining that spring peeper frogs don't sing solo but in trios. S . - . il.. 'i x .... 1: mm. .' NA - r' 4 J " r 1 I rrtfrt ii 't ff . Vrr r-rt Ti ttn h " 1 t?r5 ( i ftrrm i i 1777 taitdulUitMiuuiiMt' I '