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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 21, 1944)
- t f tl'CZGC:i CTATZL'Ut Cca. ;Orcaa Ttcridor I-Iersiiy, Cijli-bef 11. ISM . . . n , rreach XarcsIoa'Xs : - Ahacd cf Ccliedsla; I-Iop Cupply Gon - fc - . I - - - V "N9 favor Sxoayt Us; NtfFear Shall Awtm rrom First Stateanan. March 28. 1S51 ' I i ii; ! ! THE STATES JIAN PUBLISHING COMPANY CHARLES A. SPRAGUZ, Editor and Publisher 1 ' Member 'of fee 'Associated Press yv'V: The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to the use for publication of all news dispatches credited to It or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. March to Berlin ; . The Medlord Mail-Tribune goes back to the record to prove that it. was General Pershing, 1 not Premier Clemenceau or Marshal Foch who insisted on carrying the last war into Ger many instead of acceding to an armistice short .of the German borders. That is correct How ever Clemenceau and Foch did demand in the peace discussions guarantees of security from Great Britain and the United States. The latter refused such guarantees, rejecting the cove nant of the league which might have given se curity to France. In the years after the war Great Britain failed to support France and pre- vent German rearmament. '..' However, we believe that the fundamental .'of which the march-to-Berlin in 1918 is now argued, namely that the Germans didn't taste military defeat, is an overstrain of the facts. It is in large degree Hitlerism propaganda, used long after the war. The German army knew it was licked. The German people knew the army was licked; and they knew they were losing the war. The German people knew because their stomachs were empty which is the surest way , for a population to learn of military defeat. This theory that the-armistice was a mistake1 and was itself a breeder of world war II is too speculative for proof. Allied soldiers occupied ; German territory for many months. The Ger 'man government was overthrown and the. Wei mar republic set up, all of which were direct proof to the German people of their military defeat. If the battles had been carried to Ber lin itself it is very doubtful if that would have" prevented, Hitler from organizing the German people" for, a new war, and even if we do the - same this year, that will not guarantee that the German people will keep the peace. They will break out again if they think they have a chance at conquering part or all of Europe. In other words it will take more than a sound threshing on German soil to prevent a third world war by Germany.. -J- , , - r i . i - - - Mob Scene in Rome - It was no mob scene from an Italian opera that was observed in Rome Monday. It was a real mob, driven by primitive impulses to wreak its vengeance on a hated individual, Dr. Donate. Carretta, who has been director oT jails in Rome. Already on trial was the ex-chief of police in Rome, Pietro" Caruso; but the mob at the insti gation of two black-robed women seiged Car detaa, beat him, drowned him in the Tiber and hung hmvfeet first from a window in a city jail. The episode is reminiscent of the fall of the Bastille when the mob of Paris, on, that fateful July 14th, 1789; stormed that fortress-jail and tore it stone from stone in fury,f revenge over the crimes it had housed. In Rome that fury went against jailer rather than the jail, but the inspiring cause was the same: vengeance for persecutions by the former regime. ' While processes of law and order are gener ally to be upheld, there remains a virtue in a vigilante justice like this. It shows that a pop ulace does have energy to strike when its yoke is too galling. The trouble in Italy has been that its people were too supine. They submitted to all the oppression of the fascists, when, if they had stiffened their resistance, they might have saved themselves and saved Italy.. HanH Armistice j r ' Finland is to pay a bitter price for its mis take in teaming up with Germany, but its prin cipal guilt is that it Is a nation of small military power sandwiched between great and conten tious nations. It is true that Finland; joined the Germans in 1941 in attacking Russia, but this was only in hopes of retrieving the losses in curred in Russia's unprovoked attack on" Fin land in 1940. It is true too that Finland rejected less onerous terms of armistice months ago, and ignored the repeated warnings of the United States against continuing its alliance with nazi Germany, but still the penalties imposed seem exceedingly harsh, and jjiot such as will permit establishment of goodwill between Russia and Finland for many years'; to come. : Not all the 23 conditions in the armistice have been revealed, but the actmg prime minister in revealing the general terms of. the armistice called the day on of the hardest days in pur history." First, reparations of $300,000,000, the ... same as for Romania, re required to be paid over a six-year term. Second, the 1940 border line is reestablished inj southeast Finland. This means the loss of Karelia and the city of Viipuri' and the leading industrial section of Finland. ThirdVRussia acquires he Petsamo area in the . north, with its port opening oh the Atlantic and its nickel mines. Russia also gains border ter ritory in the vicinity I of Murmansk. Fourth, Russia is given control pf all of Finland's com munications abroad fori a two month term, and control of airfields in southern Finland. Finally the Finns are required o disarm nazi troops re V'maining on their soiL 1"; y ' ; j . The western powers -agreed to the terms on '. Romania, but the United States, not having jdej- clared war on Finland, )ias no direct say on the 'Finnish peace terms. But the' United States is . concerned with reestablishment of relation in Europe that will give promise of lasting peace. It has therefore, a right and a duty to express itself on terms with Finland and Romania. This paper frankly believes he terms to Finland iin duly severe, recalling s it does that Finland waa an innocent victim of the wicked deal be tween Hitler and Stalin in 1939.1The Atlantic : charter, which carried Stalin's later ' endorse ment, is badly bleached in this territorial ag grandizement by Russia. We should announce that fact now,? because: Romania and Finland may be but a preview jjto Russia's demands' on Germany. If so, the war again winds up in a scramble for spoils which breeds another war. i (ADVANCE) WITH THE AEF IN FRANCE, Sept. IMdelayed) -(P)-Iike the case of the proud parents recording junior's ; growth ' and progress, probably nobody but us folks in the; family .real ize! that this called "be-a eh head ii"a month -j old today. J And just like l Junior, It sure i .i;tjkjk.iiiiLl has grown. - In case, no body's ridden up in a weapons . carrier and reminded you lately, this southern " France : invasion passed "the point where it was supposed .to be today according to the original plan'way back about J3plus-5, : ; , ' ; 1 a - : In cue you want to Imaw when Gen; Patch's; Seventh army was supposed to get where it is : now, all I can find out is that -they brought maps along to cover the first couple of months of the . campaign and ran off all the maps more than two weeks ago. CRT A Peaceable ' Animal, , But In the senate Sen. Wherry, protesting against deletion of provision in bill for disposal of war surplus to apply proceeds to debt reduction, de clared "Debt hangs over the head of every citi ren in this country." Yes, indeed; as the child ren say: "Heavy, heavy, hangs over your head." ; Editorial Comment rOST-WAR MIGRAINE TWINGE - Already there are symptoms that one of the ma jor national problems of post-war wUI be "popu lation shifts." One of the most difficult parts of this "population shift" problem is "race". There was a "gov'ment man" called the other evening and he left these figures on "Negro concentration" on the Pacific coast to consider: Negro population 1940 1944 Los Angeles 49,O00 , 150,000- San Francisco 6,000 75,000 Portland . - 2,000 22,000 Seattle ; 3.000 30,000 Of these new Negro resident of the coast states, 83 per cent are now employed in shipyards or in aircraft plants. The story is that most of them do not want to go back to the south or to the bis in dustrial centers of the- east whence they were drawn. The question is: . ;. . . , "If they stay on this coast what work will there be for them and bow will they be re : ceived?" ' ' : ; - ' ' ..,t;' - ' ' The other day we sat with some labor leaders Who were talking about this same problem: . "So far there has been no discrimination in , most of our. unions. The feeling has been very good. But, if we get to the time when jobs are scarce and you have a lot of men .white and black . sitting around the hiring hall, what's the feeling going to be in spite of . anything you can say about tolerance and fair play.". There lies on the desk a report by the leading grange officers of the northwest and California 'on "the Japanese-question." It demands deportation '. ' to Japan after this war of every person of Japan ese ancestry, regardless. -The only meliorating note ' is the suggestion that Japan shall be allowed to ex clude our nationals on a similar basis. Considering that many Japanese have been, citizens for years and their sons have fought loyally on our side in this war. It is pretty ' strong. But it is a statement of how a large and important group feels. It is going to take some level heads to meet some of these problems' in the.' atmosphere of bitterness which is left by evrey war. As we see if there are two patterns of thought, equally dangerous the sentimental intellectuals and "liberals" who want to force an immediate mixing of races without re gard to the explosive racial feelings which are an ugly fact and the radicals on the other side who preach "white supremacy without any regard to American principles or human justice. This problem is stated merely because it is time to realize that the Pacific coast is no longer immune from these problems which have long harassed other parts of this country. There will be no quick or easy answers,, but there must be firmness for law: end order and the processes by which Amer-; leans have always arrived at justice. Eugene Ileslster-Guard. - High School Hazing ; i J Complaint is coming-in against high school hazing of sophomores entering from junior high school. This has reference not to the former secret society practicej but to general hazing of incoming students, Boys will ; be bojrs, we know; but in a great fpublic high school his sort of thing should not be allowed. Since many of the episodes involve use of cars and gasoline to transport their victims query might be di rected toward the abuse of gasoline! allowances, also. 1 j M : There is an easy line to draw between whole some fun and the horseplay that gets into bru tality. In most college now a Class scrap1 or pole-rush has been substituted for oldtime haz ing, High schools ought not to inherit the evils which the colleges at long last are discarding., Mrs. Ida B. Wise Srpith has announced her retirement as president; of the national WCTU, saying, "I believe that 111 years is long enough for anyone to hold office." She couldn't have been facing Washington when she -said it, could she? The middle part Of her name might also apply elsewhere, i The Literary Guidepost 1 ' Byj JOHN SELBT "INVASION!" by Chartet Christian . ' Wertenbaker (Appleton - Ceainry: ' . I ' We. have 'grown 'so , used to journalistic enterprise in this war that I some examples which would hajye electrified the pro fession inj 1918 are not even re marked in 1944. Charles Chris tian Werienbaker's "Invasion," which is a book containing ft parcel of illustrations by Robert' Capa, is. pne of. these, but it is being remarked. . . . -. ' - J ' . It was $ kind of race. The sec tion of the book dealing with preliminary planning w a a of -course done well in advance, andv by mail But the parV ungfl6 ,hwvi Mvt y&Aav ' News Behind the News By PAUL MALLON ' - (Distribution by King Features Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction In whole 4 or in part strictly prohibited.) WASHINGTON, Sept 19 The sure springboards which j General MacArthur's men ' are seizing! now, from which to jump into the Philippines, and the simultaneous Quebec conference which ;was wreathed ' with vktoryf smiles has niade the front pages look ike we can mike short work of Japan. c The j various routine milita ry planning an- &ou ni cements , u . fauiMaiioa. expectations of Inter oretins Waii News K2RKE Li SIMPSON ASSOCIATED PRESS WAR ANALYST The allied combined . round-air assault boring . through the Brabant gateway to the flat northern plain of Germany is taking on triple threat values. It not only has poised i well developed flanking move against the whole nazi Siegfried line and i di rect menace to Berlin; but is evolving swiftly into a vast new entrapment maneuver to catch the Ger- . man garrison of coastal Holland in it clutch, f . The latter is implied id field Marshal Bernard L.' Montgomery's, calm suggestion to his forces that there would be "no point in rushing straight away to Berlin today "or thisSveek . V -: "It you first defeat thf Germans or collect them in as prisoners, he added, "you; will make the job easier. ;i - -:i A J -f ;V " ' ;. j ,s.:; , Nor can it be doubted that another 20-mile jump northward from the Amhem crossing of the lower Rhine, already in the rip of allied 1 sky troops, would effectually seal off the nazi garrison in northern Holland from1 escape except by sea, a des perately hazardous business. , j A dual highway "system leads northward from Arnhem to Zwolle and the east shore of the Vast Tussel sea via Apeldoorn tod Deventer. Capture of Zwolle would cut off the last land escape routes for German forces in th Netherlands coastal area south of the entrance tofthe Ijusset sea except for the long causeway spanning that entrance. jThe causeway could be knocked out by air at any time. . It follows that the allied push into the Nijmegen ' Arnhem gateway must already have set in motion an enemy flight from aB northern Holland. ,) It la a reasonable assumption that whatever re sistance allied forces miy meet in driving north ' ward to cut enemy communications with coastal ' Holland, it will not include siege operations against prepared : strongly fortified j positions. Whatever northward extension' there may be on the Siegfried line, it must be behind German borders, not ht the northeast province of Holland. And it is there in Holland that the road to Zwolle invites allied; en ; trapment maneuvering, i .H S i...- I '- The Dutch coast, its ioff-shore islands and! the mouths of its great estuaries and inland seas have been heavily fortified since nazi occupation, The allied move through the Brabant gateway, how-J ever, bypasses both those coastal defense works and the nazi flooded regions. It promises early seiz use.of many well sheltered ports in Holland to speed up the flow of reinforcements and; supplies for the full scale invasion of Germany itself along the shortest route to Berlin. --;,- - . .4 : - . i . i cable or wireless and was handf' led in much the same way that wire story is handled on a news - paper desk. : --r "r- That is the difficulty of Mr, Wertenbaker's clever ; stint His book has; been . scooped by; the news services and special corres pondents J Nearly everything that has happened since D-day Is fresh in the mind of the public, and because -Mr. Wertenbaker's later chapters left Europe al most at the same time the news stories themselves left, he has not been able to include much . that the news stories lacked. Nor ' is there much sense of immedi acy about the book,' because the ; accounts of the news services are still perfectly fresh. I But at least S Mr. Wertenba ker's ; book gathers everything (well, : almost everything) into one consecutive story. He was attached to Bradley's headquar- ' ters, and although he reached the beach considerably later than the first troops,, he remain ed close o headquarters, and so kept a more balanced picture of the fighting before him than if he had been dashing around on the trail jof one particular com mand, j r . -' t ' : Bradley two masterly sur prise actions, the first to sever the Cherbourg peninsula" and the . second to r capture Cherbourg, are wefully covered. And "In vasion gives some sense that the war is a continuing- affair rather ' than a succession of isolated events,: since it shows how the lessons of. Africa and Italy were ally based on another iy ear. I A few paragraphs from Kun ming telling of our withdrawal from . the huge central China front at Kweilin, due to inef fective handling of the Chinese troopsj shows the difficulties Involved of - clearing a half hemisphere of Japs. Without making any pretense of special information from the Quebe! meeting, i it is evident that this final victory involves what the . military experts are already calling "a strategic jilghtmare." In general it looks easy, . in detail it will be hard. The jQuebec meeting itself de veloped no news from ' admirals land generals- who occupied the 700 hotel , rooms and i the : 130 ' newsmen wrote nothing impor tant ' i ' But an earlier war department statement on plans for demob II- ization laid out a program ob viously ' designed to ' move vast quantities of our troops from - ICuropeJ and this country into East Asia. This report indicated rather! clearly that we intend said they did not consider com bining the operations of Mount batten in Burma, MacArthur toward the Philippines and Ni mitz in the; central Pacific un der a single head. " - . Mountbatten's campaign has not been satisfactory 1 to many military observers, and much talk of his differences in stra tegic thinking with General Stilwell has been heard. Que bec, by avoiding action; seemed to confirm his leadership. ' There are - some who think Mountbatten should already have rallied a sufficient British force in India for a large scale invasion of -southern China j and Burma; saying this should ' pri marily be a British undertaking because they have the base from which to launch and. supply it Such a prospective compaign might have been expected from a change of commanders, but nothing leaking from Quebec has given it credence. Now MacArthur is bent on conquest of the Philippines, which is a gigantic undertaking in itself, but the Japanese of ficials publicly are expecting on their radio a direct, earlier in vasion of Japan itself. We think commonly of Mac Arthur and Nimitz coming up from the south to take Japan, but there are several ways in, . one from our Aleutian outposts in the north or from Russia. Speculations that Russia will declare war on our side imme diately after Germany has fallen are gaining wide publicity. But the Russians have only a guard force facing - Manchukuo which might not wish to undertake a campaign in winter, v -. Also the bulk of the red army will be nearly a third of the way around the globe in Germany at to the; Job. of defeating Japan ourselves and not rely heavily tte end of the European i war, .a. i " - - - ' ...... - I, immrauwij avauaoie, wen u Russia' joined in,' w$ld only be on aiming the Chinese. One j negative ' step taken at Quebe4 indicated also we are not planning a single overwhelm ing operation as in Europe. Mssjn Roosevelt and Churchill - - j applied France to' the problems' of Mr. apas pictures are excei- lent inj quality, and rather unin spired in subject matter. i "THE YOUNG IDEAf By Mossier Tcp's toreins en the charm for lit Cl friend asaLa!" bases, air and naval, from which we might operate. , . So the plain inner facts in dicate we will have to do the job ourselves. Churchill, with characteristic factual humor, in . sisted Britain would not be de prived of the honor of killing Japs. But he mentioned bis fleet and air force before land troops. The air force will be of great est benefit because the fleet is reputed: to be on a 1 to 5 ratio with us, av decided departure from the old 5-5 days In which our popular thinking; is still : grooved., !. ' - 1 ; i i The known facts also seem to say clearly we do not intend to go chasing Japs all; over East Asia. MacArthur's ' announced next jump into the Philippines (announced by Mr. Roosevelt) will be short, but the steps from there to the China bases, For mosa and ' the southern Japan islands will require another sep arate operation and. should not await the conclusion of the Phil ippine seizyre. We can go any place within, - reach of our air force because what is left of the Jap force is subject to destruction by our u- perior power. But the jumps must be limited by our ability to gatjher necessary : force and supplies. ' - y My guess, therefore, is (again with knowledge) ' that we are heading straight for Japan as well as the Philippines and Bur ma; that the reinforcements re-r leased . from Europe will . take . a couple of months to get. around to Asia; that Russia cannot be of much help before spring, but particularly this the extinc- tion cf the bulk cf the Jap army strewn tiirouh northern, cent- ( Continued from Page 1) failing to solve the depression, prolonging it, , in fact, a charge he repeated Tuesday night- -f-' Again' he attacked the presi dent for failing to prepare the country for war-l-which .'shows .the audacity of the -republican candidate. ; (" In Seattle he laid at the door of the WhitHoujpe responsibil ity for the most serious wartime strikes the country has had. His purpose is dearly to1 put the president, on the defensive, to "get him on jthe run., By building on the mound of war nourished ' grievances Dewey hopes to attract votes of many disaffected groups, Including la bor itself, and then by punctur ing the 'myth of the indispen sable man to put the champ "down for the count The stra tegy is - politically smart; and without doubt has the democra tic high command guessing.' It has the danger of Dewey's over breaching himself, and it must be admitted he has exposed himself to serious coimtr-attack.. Brief though his stay in Port land was, due to a series of train wrecks, I believe Dewey created a m o r e favorable impression that he did in 1940. He gave more evidence of personal -power, which is only to be expected from his opportunity for growth in the intervening years. He is by no means to be dismissed as a man of mediocre talents.; On the contrary his record as dis trict attorney andi as governor shows that he possesses real ex ecutive ability, and' a compe tence much -greater than has been "possessed by many who have been elevated to the pres idency in the past ; ; As far as the rank and file of . republicans attending the Port land republican gatherings ; are concerned, what may be de scribed as a restrained optimism was manifest There was little vainglorious boasting; on it he other hand there was no spirit of defeatism over the November ' prospects. Whiie there was not the crowd nor the mass enthus iasm that there was for Willkie in 1940, It is recalled that Will kie, while he drew the crowds failed to win enough votes. Whe ther Dewey's less dramatic ap peal will actually ' result in more favorable crosses on the ballots , is the great November 7th raj' tery. ' ; '. Dewey'a appearance in Ore gon has given his party the sight of a' fighting candidate, and con finned the view that ni strength as a candidate wQl grow rather than wane before the election. ral and southern China must take at least a year from con clusion of the European hostili ties, even if Jap power is defin itely broken earlier by occupa tion of Japan. Since then they have been flying j new maps In.1,:?:'."-:'; Kvt-K-"LV Correspondents " who figured ' they probably would spend the fall, and maybe the winter, with in sight of the Riviera long since have visited Geneva,' Paris and London, commuting ' - straight across 'the country.-": ' 1 " - For- everybody. It seems "as though it has been six months in stead of one. There have been go many "firsts' they have be-, come old stuff both from the per sonal and news points of view. There was the first time the troops hit the : French beaches. The first time a frightened Ger man surrendered to the . first Yank uniform he saw. The first time we saw, the unbelievable maquis go into action. . . There was the 'first time w got out in front of the . troops (which later, became practically " standard- operating procedure) and the first time two enemy Generals were Captured the same day by the same outfit' 1 The first fighter planes to land on the CeW beachhead a Mus tang piloted by Navy lieutenant Stanley JF. Fierstein of Houston,' Ter, and a Thunderbolt piloted ' by Lt Howard W. Danks of Chi- - " cago . . the first beachhead newspaper ,"The 36th Division News: First Yankee Rag on the Riviera," edited by Lt Sumners Wilson of New Rochelle, NY, which printed on D-plus-3 when - the beachhead already, had be- t come an invasion. f - ' The first time a pretty French : mademoiselle kissed the bearded ; cheek of a soldier . ; ; We never , realized, the time would come ' ' when it would be necessary to ; step on the gas going through towns to keep from being mob bed by the mademoiselles , . ' The first time we accepted prof erred fruit and flowers and later, how we had Jo duck to keepfrom being kayoed by the same gifU ' from hands of eager welcomers. Some firsts, were not so pretty . . ; The first exhumation disclos- , ing tortures preceding the mur ders of countless Frenchmen... The first time a maquis bared his whip-scarred back to furnish unanswerable evidence. " j - The first execution of Vichy traitors... The first mob veri- geance visited upon those 'who never reached trial. The first night of ..prowling v darkened streets with maquis ferreting out of their hiding places ; former members" of the Vichy militia S The first sight of cringing, simp ering, mercy-begging human be ings cut down by a stuttering S ten gun. None of these first are nice memories," regardless of - whether or not they were just Now it's all mixed up, these garbled memories of one mad month that seemed like six .as we tried to Kelp cover a half dozen different fronts simultan eously. The most Important thought ! at the moment is that this is the first time we ever . wore the same pair of unwashed olive drab ' pants for a' solid month. . . ' . . i ' After all. When we left Rome we all said: The first time toe? beachhead , bogs down well re turn and get some clean clothes. . -j Hi-Y Chapters Plan Activities Officers and advisors of Salem's three Hi-Y chapters met at the YMCA last night to open officially the 1944-43 Hi-Y campaign, draw ing up basic plans for future ac tivities and electing two new of ficers. ' j ypi: pTrl'iP'' Salem High School Principal H. B. Johnson was elected co-ordina- r tor of the three chapters, a job held last year by Harold Davis of the YMCA staff. The group also named Pete Hoar as publicity di rector. Each club will pick its own advisors during the -first regular session next Wednesday;" v 1 " The first major project to be sponsored by the united ' dubs, it' was decided at last night's meet ing, will be the printing and dis tribution of football programs at Salem high's home grid contests, beginning with the October 20 fra- J cas opposite Oregon City, r : a-( tfrif ?'j?jvl'aiachv'i &kn"4SS XZSenthroned in a loand- -3 n(J SfJfivinn setting has a aJf- - WffsyXI Prsonalitybf its own. r , Pj( 5 vbi: s eiw; isd tflftfidenct k vr ' A from our select collec- ft ..;-v;f r :;A-.y-ttaa of fine stones.: :' ;yri':- U Deslredr:; -: .V ,-..r-'t-t' Vt . - ...