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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (March 21, 1928)
L THE OREGON STATESMAN, SALEM. OREGON. WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH 21.' 1928 DOflg) fl7 IFsupogo W(MMSB. - - JiC f Marion Polk county schools have expressed their ideas of "Good Farm Management." Instructions to Voters: rriies t be given by First National Bank for each story rabfcsned and awards will be based on the result of this popular vote. Read strcies carefully and then cast your ballot indicating ytmr choice for each prize by inserting letter of alphabet in voting column designating the essay. The name and address of each voter should be shown on the ballot. Petach ballot and return to First National Bank, Salem, Ortjon, on or before March 27th, 1928. You are requested to grade and select the essays in the order you think prizes should" be awarded. Each essay published herein will be a prize winner Necessity for Green Feed Calls For Careful Plan FARM MANAGEMENT ta crder to have a prosperous t&rtn, one must, have chosen a good location for their fann, and build up their soil, that is pu. into the soil improvements such as clover and other member., if the legume family, that put nitrogen into the soil, fcr future crops to use. Lime is greatly needed on boggy soils, that are rich in humus. It not only aids on boggy soil, but it quick ens the growth of bacteria and aids in the decaying of vegetable matter. Another builder for soils is ma nure, for it consists of three fertil izing elements, namely, nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash, which .X ine greatest of value to plants. Electric lights In farm homes. In barns and poultry houses are fan less troublesome, less dangerous and comes down our way we will be more convenient than kerosene connnected. porch, which leads into the wood shed and also to go outside. To make the kitchen a pleasant place to work and live in we hav cupboards, drawers and bias built in. with windows over the sink to make it light for dish washing and other work. We have two large six-feet win dows in our living room. The bed rooms all have plenty of windows for light and ventilation. At tha top of the stairs we have a hall for flowers and sewing. We have our house piped for a water system, which we are plan- ning to get in as soon as possible. The electric line Is about one-hall mile from our place, as soon as It la order to keep up the pastures the fanner should, harrow, fertilize, mow. reseed and liming the pas tures. The fields should be arranged properly, so that the farmer wont have to go through another field In order to reach one,- And an the other things should be practiced too. because they are aeoessary. ripe before catting. Do the same with the oats grouid. Plow in early fall, harrow Urc ground and seed it as soon as 70a get the ground oats, one acre strawberies. 15 acre flax, la acres clover, five acres alfal fa, two acres cow mangles and beets nine acres corn, one acre potatoes FARMING PLEASANT BUSINESS Since city people are depended on the fanner and his labor, farming should be considered a business proposition. By proper management it can become a pleasant and profit able business, with no more a grind than that of a factory work. The children can work together with to S years touH have a fair cron of their parents, and when everybody nuts. Gooseberries are planted in cleared off. Clover (round should one acre orchard, one acre vegetable c piowea m ue iau ana seeaea w gram. In the spring tow your clover. Italian Prunes The ground should be worked anu cleaned. Plant your trees In February or March. Prune and spray In Jan. or Feb. Work your ground good all season. Keep this up every year and In four or five years yrtu'll be able to gather a big prune crop. Raspberries should be planted in early spring. ' Cultivated all season. In early spring cut out all the old vines, train up new ones. By the second year, you 11 have a fair crop. All nut trees are planted in early spring, cultivat ed all season, pruned in June. In 3 lamps. Piped water anU other conveni ences greatly charge the modern farm from that of which many less fortunate people have to contend with. We can now devote our time to farm . improvements. The many in ventions of farm implements has made farming a much more com fortable life. Fences should i-lwas be kept with care and replaced with hard wood posts, such as oak or ceda when the posts begin to rot off next to! the ground, causing the fence to sag. Soil on hill sides of farms must be cultivated with care, U. prevent the soil from washing away. Many farmers neglect their or chards, letting their trees become diseased from lack of pruning and spraying. When pruning one should cut some side twigs where they Manure shoul- be stored under a; strike across the tree top and when cover, sheltered from th3 rain and sunshine, with a cement floor, and not stored against the barn, for the treating of tie sun on the ma sure, causes the loss of nitrogen s aad leaching if left where water can ' wash it, lor uus may take away much cf the valuable plant food of which it consists. Manure, should be spread directly on the field and not put in piles scattered in field, al though it is sometimes the custom for :t makes crops uneven it growth aad also in ripening. When large amounts of manure is applied to light soil, ther is danger of the plants suffering in time of drought. during dry seasons. Rotation has also proved a great tricnor in buildin.. up soils. Many grains, such as wheat, bar ley and oats has pro.eJ hard on the sr.ij if grown successively, for the 6 ii would soon exhaust Its chief elements, while the rrowth of a " variety of crops on a certain field will prevent it iom exhaustion so soon. The greatest need in rotation ot crops is when crops are suffer ing from different kinds of weeds. ideaiis and insect pests. Catch crops ire cood to be grown io soon as a grain crop is removed. sjch as cow peas, soy beans and rr-.iiift. Crimson clovtr and winter vetch can be mixed with winter grains and sown in a cornfield in July, so that they can occupy the ground as soon as the crops are Viken off and used seed Qover crops are useful in many rays, they help to keep the soil from cashing away; they gather Mirogen from the air aru store it . i lie soil for future crops; their roots i.-ilp to unlock plant ood in the " they furnish pasture; they check t:ie growth of weeds; they put hu nvjs into the soil, if plowed under as fer-ten manure; they also check late fcrfiir of the trees when grown in a;i orchard and temper winter freez- Wir.ter rye can be sown in young r: -hards in early fall. When spring arrives soy beans or cow peas can hi sown in June, to be turned under tiie fall, in rye. Another factor in the improve ment cf soils is drainage, therefore :t :t well to use draining ditches for the i allowing reasons: 1. To let '.r to soil and roots of plants. 2. 1 ' oeepen for feeding area or bac 'ona for the roots. 3. To reduce s-l taring at time of drought. 4. To ::icita&e chemical action. 5. To raise Kii temperature. 6. To aid in tillage. 7 To remove free or surplus water. Succession cropping saves much ground and produces one crop after another, that brings a larger income, although more work is required, such as radishes, lettuce and tomatoes, grown successively. Companion cropping or double cropping saves much ground, for in- SvAfice, corn and pumpkins or corn! tab beans climbing around the corn On farms, a great problem Is to have enough green feed for roe live stock, at a time near mid-summer, rmn the oastures are apt o be citnt too dry. In having plenty of ii at this particular time, this system of green feeding r called me soirins. system. Crimson clover can be sown in corn in July, or August. ready to cut in Mav, Sach year after cur harvest of croqs we should carefully select our bt4 His, that is the ones that are free from impurities and healthy in ffvery respect, large and heavy of its kind and taken from the best of plant A way to detect Impurities In setd is done by sprouting a sample ot seed and then carefully observe rha difference in their growth, for 'hey may differ in shape or number ot seed leaves. Also determine the germinating power of the sample, Troublesome weeds should be . sprayed with iron sulphate. In order to get rid of bad perennial weeds, one must, till frequently. Also a dense growth or grains will smother out many weeds. Sheep . also will crop down many - weeds and keep tnem under control. Svery farmer should keep bees, for they cot oni'y provide the fanner with honey, but they greatly help him. by distributing pollen from one Diowean to another, therefore pro ducing a better succession of crops. An accurate record should be kept of; sales of' various products and ex penditures, also of the various tasks tc- bay performed each week success ivejyt (outside of dally routine) , checng them off dally as per pected ta - the branches are too thick; such pruning is equivalent to thinning the fruit, making it larger. Let in the sunlight. All dead or diseased parts, even broken limbs should be pruned. In picking an orchard site, one must consider exposure, soil and air drainage. When the --chard is somewhat above the surrounding land, the cold air of frosty spring nights can drain away, thin saving the early blossoms from injury. An easterly or northeasterly slope is preferred for stronr westerly winds are often injurious to trees. The early spring is preferred in planting trees. By using the modern farm ma chinery, fewer Work horses are re quired, although a few horses are required on every farm. The Clydes are well suited for heavy farm work. because of their strengtl and rapid walking gait. The Jersey breed n one of the most popular of the dairy breeds- in America because of the richness oi the milk and for the large quanti ties of butter which they produce. In raising swine, the Poland Chi na and 'the Berkshire are much preferred, especially the Poland China of the fat .. The pig pen should be well equipped for plenty of sunshine, that is. hp a sun roof of glass. Pigs should have plenty pf green feed. After the soy beans are matured, the pigs can be turned into the field of beans to fatten. It is very import ar " to keep vari ety of poultry best suited for the purposes desired. Poult, ymen use the egg breeds, and use tnem wnue young. For table use, keep the meat breeds. Chickenj should have special nlaces for to roost and lay eggs, for it is a bad practice to allow them to use nlaces intended for other pur poses. Their houses should be well ventilated, artKlal.heat is not ad visable, in a poultry house, except for brooder chicks, f- heat often leads to some kind of sickness A hleh snot should be elected for the chicken house, because oi na tural drainage. Care should be tiken towards keeping their nouses ciean and sprayed. Chickens require an abundance of sunshine and green feed, and fresh water at an times. Evirv farmer should have a pow er house to provide the farm with lctricitv The modern farmer also requires a suitable place for his farm ma chinery and also a tool shop. B Diversity of Crops Insures Revenue Year Around My father Is a farmer, and so I am a farmerette. Since I shall pro bably always live on a farm, I want to help make bur farm a pleasant and profitable place to live. LOCATION The drawing which accompanies this storv. is our farm near Broaa mead. Oregon. It consist of 8 acres of rich, loamy, sloping soil. drained by the Salt creek. About 40 acres lie on the south side of the road between the county road and Salt creek, and about 28 acres lie on the north side between the county road and Salt creek, which makes a large bend and almost surrounds our place. Our place Is about onevhalf mile from school, postoflioe, market ana station, two miles from a flour mill, one-fourth mile from a saw mill. 8 miles from town, and we are right on the milk route. FARM BUILDINGS The farm building; are facing the county road, near- the middle of the farm from east to west. HOUSE Our house is a newly built one. two stories nigh. It contains seven rooms, bed rooms, closets, living room, kitchen and dining room combined, cool room for fruit and vegetables, bath room, entry room for washing, and a large front porch. We have amauer oacx BARNS Our barn has room for 12 cows. but more room could be made if necessary. It has room for three or four horses. It contains shelves for tools, bins for wheat, oats and potatoes. The barn loft can hold 55 tons of hay, that is put in from the outside by forks or slings, drawn by horses. Connected with the barn" is a shed for machinery and a shed for calves and pigs. Be hind the barn is a shed for the cms when it rains or is cold in the day time. There is also a barnyard which leads down to the creek and permanent pasture. HOUSE YARD Our yard in front of the house, to the barns and garage is about 230 feet. We have a walk from Our front porch to the road. I planted some rose bushes in our yard this spring, and am planning to plant bushes such as: Persian lilac, g si lica, indlca and red leaved bar berry. I am going to make a flower bed also close to the house this spring and plant flowers such as: sweet peas, gladioli, golden queen aster, and others. This spring we are going to plant some evergreens in our yard and along the house to cover the foundation, so it will make our home look more attractive. BARN YARD From the road we have a road that leads to the garage. In the yard we have some trees for shade and beauty. From the barn and sheds we have a wall, to the ga rage and to the house. The ga rage is in a good place because when we get electric lights we can easy have them to the garage. Vhen it rains or when we have to pack something to or from the garage it is good to have the ga rage near the house. LIVE STOCK Our live stock consists of 12 cows. Including pure bred Jerseys. Hol stein. Guernseys, three calves, two Poland China pigs, and three horses. Every farmer should have a pure bred bull also. CROPS In the four fields we can prac tise the four year rotations as fol lows: A First year, grain; second year, clover; third year, pasture; fourth year, corn. B First year, clover; second year. pasture; third year, corn, fourth year, grain. C First year, pasture; second year, corn; third year, grain; fourth year, clover. First year, corn; second year, grain; third year, clover; fourth year, pasture. We apply lime to the field where clover is to grow next. The orchard we have is just a mixed, family orchard for our own use. We raise a few trees of peaches, pears, plums, prunes, cher ries, apples, and other kinds. On the west side of the house, partly along one side of the house we have our wood lot. that also serves as a shelter belt for the buildings. Behind the barn is raised the green forage fee1, making it convenient for the farmer and cows. Behind the house we raise our garden crops, so that they, might be reached in a short distance and in in a quick way. We raise such as potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, rad ishes, peas, beans, watermelon. muskmelon, cucumbers, parsnips, pumpkins and others. Along the creek on both sides of the farm, is quite a bit of timber grown, which we use for fuel and which also serves as a shelter belt some places. All roe fields and other crops can be reached without having to go through another field. MANAGEMENT There are many losses to be checked on farms and all farmers that want to manage properly should consider these things, which will help to make the farm become a success. Some of the things that a farmer should consider are: 1. Proper use of barnyard man ure. 2. Proper tillage methods. 3. Getting rid of all weeds. , 4. Good rotations. 5. Well kept up pastures. 6. Properly arranged fields. 7. Plant disease kept in control. 8. Good feeding methods. 9. Rich, deep, loamy soil. 10. Shape of fields. " Barnyard manure should be putl in cement pit and covered, so it wont waste. It should be spread as soon as It is made. It should be spread on the lowest part of the field. . Plowing should be done deep, an weeds and stubble should be turned under welL The fields should be worked well in order to observe moisture, ana prepare a good seed bed. All the weeds should be destroyed before seeding. A four year rotation should be practiced, which proves to be con venient. . works together the farming bus! ness will be pleasant and profitable How to Make A Success on 150 Acre Farm The farm in question consists of ISO acres, 80 acres of it is divided Into four fields, which are nearly square, and in these field the rota tion crop system Is practiced. One field contains corn. Two silos were filled last year. One hundred bushels of corn were also gathered from this field. The second field contain ed clover from which 19 tons of clover hay was taken last year and 10 cows were pastured till September 20 in it. The third field had oats in it. which yielded 63 M bushels to the acre last year. Nearly 1,000 bushels were first class seed oats, so it Is seen that the rotation crop system is very helpful. The last field had wheat in it, which yielded 32 bu. to the acre. Nearly all of thir was first class seed wheat. The 70 ceres In fruit is broken by 2 creeks which run rlong the end of the place. The farm buildings are on about five acres o). land, which includes one acre for the family or chard. The house has eight rooms, built for comfort and rest. A large barn which has two silos in it, and is capable of holding 30 tons of hay. four horses and 4 cows are also kept in it. Close to th. barn is a ma chine shed and a blacksmith shop. Thus it makes everything quite handy for any kind of use. There is also a chicken house near the barn in which a few chickens are kept to furnish eggs lor the nousenota There are 25 acres O pasture and timber in which the cows and horses axe kept. Part of it is creek bottom. which when cleaned and dredged will be valuable for truck garden. Now. however, it furnishes good pas ture during the dry summer months. The other 45 acres an divided into different kinds of fruit. The first field out from the barn you see on my drawing is planted in raspberries and Italian prunes ci which there are nearly 12 acres. The prunes which are 5 years old. yield 2 bush els to the tree or 216 bushed to the acre on an average. It Is found therefore that an acre of prunes, which averages 3 bushels to the tree at 60c a bushel will go way over an acre of whea . -vhich yeilds 60 bushels to the acre at $2.00 a bushel on the prunes at 40c will equal more than the wheat. From th: red raps berries planted between November, worked good all season. Pruned and In spring. Spray in the fall with bordeaux una again In spring with lime and sulphur. In three years they should bear 8 lbs. to the bush, If taken care of the year around. Cherries are planted in the fall or early spring. Pruned In Jan. Sprayed in Feb. with lime and sulphur and again 1:. July with ar senate of lead. 1 lb. 1 50 gallons of water and 1 pt. of black strap mo lasses this is for ths cherry fly. If kept care of for four years you'll have a fair crop. Evergreens are planted in early spring, worked good all year. Cut them back first year. Second year put up posts, wire and train up your berries. Pearr shou'1 be planted in the fall or spring cultivated all season. Prune them in the fall and spray early spring with lime and sulphur. It's c '.led a dorm ant spray. Spray again when the blossoms are on. In four years youll have a small crop. Loganberries should be planted in March, worked good all season. Cut them bad: the first year. In two years youll be picking loganberries. Standered prunes should be planted in the fall or spring, worked all season. Prune them heavy either La Dec. or Jan., the first three . ears. Spray in Feb ruary with lime and sulphur. In three years youll have a small crop of very large prunes, three prunes to the tree. The reason for the many different kinds of fruit is bcause at no time will a person l.ave a cer tain crop which he cannot sell, for it can be bought to get the other fruit you have. And during the sum mer months when the grain is ripen lrg you can be picking fruit of all kinds. Thus tere is w rk aU the season around on this farm This is my essay on farm manage ment. D Proper Four-Field Rotation Needed On Dairy Farm I appreciate living on the farm be cause it seems to me to be the mosi independent way of earning a living and the healthiest. The house of this farm is large. modern and complete. It has electric lights which are convenient in every way. It has a good water supply which is pumped to where it is needed by a gasoline engine. There is water in the house, barn, chicken house and pig pen. The basement of of the house is cool In summer and is a good place for storage foods. garden, the pasture, barnyard chicken yard, lawn and buildings take up five acres. Wheat is an important crop. We grow it on heavy aoU. because on light soil the kernels will not de velop fully. We plow the ground in early falL We sow the grain in fall. early enough to let the plants get a growth before winter. A grain drill is used for planting. We use one and one-half to three bushels of seed per acre. We cut the grain before it is too ripe for the kernels to fan out. The cutting and binding is done with a self-binder. It is then shocked and left in the field for( about two weeks to cure. It is then threshed and sold. Oats make one of the best feeds for horses. We plant the seed on heavy soil because there heavier crops are produced. The soil is plowed and harrowed before plant ing. We plant the seed in very early spring with a grain drill. We use be tween two and three bushels of seed per acre. Oats are in the same manner as wheat. m We plant our flax in rich soil, not too wet. We sow it in the spring. "break" it in faU and disk it the next spring. We use between six and nine pecks of seed per acre. The flax is pulled by hand. Then the plants are tied into bundles and placed in shocks, and left in the field a short time before shipping it to the fibre works. the prunes 12 tons were picked last season which sold for 8c a pound. These will be grubbed out when the orchard becomes matured. The five acres walnuts, filberts, chestnuts and almonds are young, and the gooseberries which are planted between the trees come next on my drawing. The gooseberries pay for the work of themselves and the nut orchard to making it so the nuts don't have to be worked for nothing. Next to this is a 6 acre cherry orchard which has Just commenced to bear. Between these trees is planted a row of evergreen black berries which not only p- . for the working of the trees but yield a very good profit. The next is a 7 acre patch of logantterrie. and pears. The trees are not bear jig yet but the loganberries yielded 2 tens to the acre last year, which was very good profit The Burbank standard prunes had their first crop last year; which was nearly a gallon to the; three. They were dried and sold to hotel in Portland at 12c a i -wind. cracked and alL The blackberries which are between the trees pal I for their upkeep besides yielding a fair ly good profit. In planting corn the ground should be plowed at least two times. Early spring then in May double disk the ground and plow again. Harrow the ground and mark It off and plant the corn. Cultivate the ground and hoe at least 4 times. Wheat ground snould be plowed early fall. Harrow and teed the ground as soon as possible to give grain a good start. Harvest it in July. Dont let the grain get too The separator house is made of brick. and has a little side room in which the cream is kept. The barn is large and well built, with electric lights. There is a large hayloft which holds enough hay for the livestock during the winter. The manure is taken out to a place where it is drained. The pasture for the livestock is a short distance from the barn. It is large with good grass and a few trees. The machine shed is well built so as to project the machinery. It is built near the barn so that we do not have to go so far with the horses to get the machine. The chicken house is built on a high spot , so that natural drainage away from the building win keep the ground dry and free from dis ease. We never have artificial heat in the chicken house, except for brooder chicks. The winter feathers of the chickens are warm enough and artificial heat often leads to some kind of illness. The house is built with a low ceiling with the open side to the south. The chicken yard Is large with plenty of fresh earth for the chickens to scratch in. We keep seven cows. They fur nish enough milk for our own use for the chickens and for the hogs. They bring in enough cream for our own use and to seU. We keep four horses, they are of the heavy draft type. There are 120 acres In this farm There are 40 acres wheat, 23 acres THE Fife Bank We sow clover in a field of grain sown the fall before. The seed is sown in early spring. We cut it just before the heads turn browi. The nrst crop which is cut for hay is cut In June. The second crop is cut in August and the seed is threshed in September. Alfalfa is the best milk produc ing crop we can grow. We use it for green feed. We cut a little at a time so as to keep It fresh for the cows By the time the entire field is cut the part of the field first cut is again ready for cutting. The field selected is well drained and no water stands at the surface. We sow the ;eeds after the first August rains We use around 30 pounds of seed per acre. The crop is cut the June after planting and is cut four time? a year. We cut it when the blossom ire showing a little over the field It is then brought in the barn before he rains can spoil it. Mangles and beats are valuable as feed. They contain water and are very digestible for cattle. The potatoes are grown in sandv ioil which has much vegetable mat ter in It. We plow the soil shortly before planting. After plowing we go over the land with a harrow. We plant the potatoes as soon as the soU can be prepared. The rows are made three feet apart and the plants in the rows between 12 and 18 inch es. We allow 10 bushels seed per acre. The plan! are cultivated funtil the vines sftade the soil well Later the plants are sprayed. We dig the crop by a potato digger Then the potatoes are picked up and put in sacks. We grow corn on heavy loam. The plowing is done six weeks be fore planting. We use the disc-harrow after the plowing. After that we use the harrow every 10 days to keep the ground from crusting and losing moisture. We plant the corn with a horsepower planter. The seed Is planted a foot apart. After that we use the cultivator after each heavy rain. We harvest our crop when the kernels are hard. We cut it with a corn cutter. Our vegetable garden yields all the vegetables we need. We have the vegetables planted in rows so that we can cultivate. The strawberry patch is near the garden. The land used is rich. We plow the soil in fall, after plowing, it is harrowed. The plants are planted in middle f alL The orchard site is a southerly slope. It is chosen because it will cause more movement of sap in winter and early spring. When planting we make large holes, and put some of the best loose dirt In the bottom. Then the tree is plant ed. The roots are put In straight Then the soil is packed down well around the tree. Some loose earth is put on top to prevent evaporation of soil moisture. The trees we grow are: apple, pear, cherry and plum. I use my corn for ensilage, my clover for hay. - 1 sell what wheat I do net use for ay chickens aad Pigs. I bare my wheat chopped aad mix It with oats for pig feed. wbat oets I do not use for say 9igs and cattle I sell. I have my oats rolled aad feed them to my cows. I also have them chopped and feed them to my pigs. My orchard is fenced with poul try and hog-proof fencing, the remainder of my farm Is fenced with hog-proof fencing so that my pigs can run in the same field a? ray cattle. I In the fall after my crops are off I pasture all my fields except ing the corn and potato field un til the rainy season, as it is not good for land to be pastured when wet. I rotate my fields every year doing as follows: In my corn and potato field I plant wheat, In my cow pasture I pasture my sheep, because they keep the weeds and grass eaten down closely so that it makes it easier to cultivate. The sheep do not pack the ground like the cattle would, making it much easier to plow and work down. In my wheat field I plant my clover and in my clover field 1 pasture my cows. I plow my corn and potato ground in the fall and again in the spring. My wheat, clover, and oats are sowed in the fall. I do my farming with horses 1 have a manure 'spreader and I spread the manure that I do not U6e on the flowers and garden, on the field in which I am going to ymni ray corn ana potatoes. I keep the Durham cattle. I una mem oecause tney give a large quantity of milk and if they aren't good milkers I can receive a large sum for them by seliinK them for beef. I keep most of my calves tor a while, then sell them for baby beef. I sell my cream to the cream pry because I like to have my separated milk for my chlckene and pigs. I like to feed the sep arated milk to my pigs because it is good growing food, and I like to have my pigs ready for tha mar ket by the time they are six months old. I have the registered Duroc pigs. I like them because I believe thpy are better grazers than any other pig. I have the Rhode Island Red chickens. I keep them because they are good layers and a heavy breed. I keep the Shorpshire sheep. I like them because they have a large fleece of medium wool, they are a large sheep, and sell well for mutton. My cow barn is a modern dairy barn with electric lights. It has a silo at one end. I have a horse barn to keep my horse in with a tool shed on the side of it. I have a large hog-house. My chicken-house Is a modern chicken-hoUse large enough to accommodate three hundred chick ens. I have it equipped with elec tric lights so that the chickens can work part of the nights during the winter months. I have a Dairy-house equlDned, with electric lights, hot and cold water and a tank of cold water to set my cream in to keep it cool My garage with a work-shoD in one end is large enough to hold two carB. My house is a modern efehtlr8"- im- room nousewitarr d -electric l.-htV."' , , I iet k;i-MIerf'1Tn ins Darns ana me cnicKen-rionse I keep books so that at the end of the year I know just how much I have made. I have a radio, piano and a talking-machine. I alao subscribe for good magazines for pleasure and education. I think that good farm manage mnt consists not only of making a farm profitable but a pleasant place to live. Buildings consist of a conveniently arranged seven-room house which -la modern throughout. Bams are of , avfrlcteat alae to house stock on the place properly and ' tonTeolently. Water is piped to bams and bog house. The alio la. of course, looked upon on this place, as an absoluts neoesslty as it enables' us to get th maximum feed value out of - the4 com raised on the place. The fences1, m the place are aU of the wovenk wire type and cause no further in- convenience after th first construe tion. A garden of ample else, fencea with chicken-proof wire, lies op1-" posite the house facing the road? Fruit trees of all kinds make up Xhtr family orchard which produces fruit 3f a quality that will equal that pro1-' auced in any other part of the state. In starting out to manage this place properly and economically, one of the first steps taken was the testing of the soil In order to learn. if possible, in what element It might be deficient. We found that lime was one of the principal ingredients lacking in the soil After applying about two and one-half to three tons of ground lime-rock to the acre. we found that the soil worked up much more readily and It seemed that even the subsoil was loosened up considerably. Thus the plant food contained In the soil was made more readily available for glajit nourlsment and after applying a fair coating of barnyard manure the returns were very materially to creased. We found that vetch and clover could be produced on the land so treated, and consequently our corn and grain crops were practical ly doubled. Neighboring straw piles were also bought and hauled out on the land and plowed under, which added also to the much needed hu mus of which the soil in these hills Las been practically depleted by the continuous one-crop farming wheat and again more wheat. In order to get the manure of which mention is made above,.! wilt,. state tha'. we keep in our barns f" 15 to 25 head of live stock. consist of four horses and th ance cows. These cows, unaer management bring in a good at the 'end of each month 1 producing the much-needed t which keeps up our soil fertil Then there are the nog chickens, each of which In place produce a good income I supplying a good part of the of the family table. ; In addition to the crops V referred " to" hereih7"'wealsO- quite a nice tonnage of berries. as strawberries and logan which have always produced and helped materially to tnc the income of the farm. -We set out five acres of prunes am to set out three acres of ch which win add to the annual U, in the near future. The method of farming fo! on this farm is based entire diversification and rotation of which in our opinion and expe is the best and only way to high-priced land pay a fair dit on the money invested and f same time maintain and ofte urease the fertility of the solL value of the farm is there! creased which Is another impc factor to be considered. t Proper Fertilization Requires Careful Soil Tests A 70 Acre Tract FARM MANAGEMENT My farm consists of seventy acres. I have divided It into six fields of teu acres each, three acres for my garden and smah fruit, five acres for my house and barn. Between my six ten acre fields I have a lane extending from the barn lot with a gats opening Into it from each field so as to have it .convenient for pasturing either field. In my ten acre fields I have the following: In the first field I have com and potatoes, the sec ond field I use for sheep pasture. the third field I use for cow pas- tare. In the fourth field I have oats, and In the sixth field I have wheat. In nry garden I have dif ferent kinds of vegetables, grapes and strawberries, while fa my or chard- I have cherries, pears. peaches, prunes, apricots. English walnuts, and filberts. 1 spray my fruit trees, every year and I also keep a few bees to polllnhte my fruit trees.,: I have jeut two small pieces off of my orchard, one for my hog house, and the other for my chicken house. The farm in question consists of 60 acres and Is located near Mac leay. Ore., or in what is known as Waldo Hills country, less than one half mile from a standard school, the Macleay store, and railroad. A paved highway leads right up to the door of the buildings. The place !s also served by mail delivery and, telephone. the" 'tame; With correct an ment on the farm one man c more with less work than twe on a place not so well arranf Another important part of' management is the choices t livestock kept on the place keep good cows only: Board weeded out as soon 'as detect same is true of hogs andp Considering the fact that It just as much and more to fee take care of a poor animal good one it is therefore good ness , to have none but the.) such can be secured at a fa reasonable price. ' i There is another part of management which Is too oft, glected and that Is the houslr proper care of farm machine: bring all our implements back good machine shed as soon l field work Stir which the Imp! is used, is finished. This Is of importance considering the high cost of niacMnery,.. A plat or drawing pf the herein described is attached 1 Location of buildings, fields, pasture is given on the same. This essay refers to in'; farm as it exists today, and it the owners of it have actual!: doing for the past eight year, CUT OUT HERE : - . . Essay flattest!: DaflUc Insert Letter . Insert Letter f f Designating Story Designating Story - 1st Prize 4th Prize --T 2nd Prize 5th Prize - . ' 8rd Prfxe , 6th Prize . v ... Name of voter Address ... ... Please return this ballot to FIRST NATIONAL BANE, SALEM, ORE. it Tlslting scout! v
