L
THE OREGON STATESMAN, SALEM. OREGON. WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH 21.' 1928
DOflg) fl7 IFsupogo W(MMSB.
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JiC f Marion Polk county schools have expressed their ideas of
"Good Farm Management."
Instructions to Voters:
rriies t be given by First National Bank for each story
rabfcsned and awards will be based on the result of this
popular vote.
Read strcies carefully and then cast your ballot indicating
ytmr choice for each prize by inserting letter of alphabet in
voting column designating the essay.
The name and address of each voter should be shown on
the ballot.
Petach ballot and return to First National Bank, Salem,
Ortjon, on or before March 27th, 1928.
You are requested to grade and select the essays in the order you think prizes should"
be awarded. Each essay published herein will be a prize winner
Necessity for Green
Feed Calls For
Careful Plan
FARM MANAGEMENT
ta crder to have a prosperous
t&rtn, one must, have chosen a good
location for their fann, and build
up their soil, that is pu. into the
soil improvements such as clover
and other member., if the legume
family, that put nitrogen into the
soil, fcr future crops to use.
Lime is greatly needed on boggy
soils, that are rich in humus. It not
only aids on boggy soil, but it quick
ens the growth of bacteria and aids
in the decaying of vegetable matter.
Another builder for soils is ma
nure, for it consists of three fertil
izing elements, namely, nitrogen,
phosphoric acid and potash, which
.X ine greatest of value to plants.
Electric lights In farm homes. In
barns and poultry houses are fan
less troublesome, less dangerous and comes down our way we will be
more convenient than kerosene connnected.
porch, which leads into the wood
shed and also to go outside.
To make the kitchen a pleasant
place to work and live in we hav
cupboards, drawers and bias built
in. with windows over the sink to
make it light for dish washing and
other work.
We have two large six-feet win
dows in our living room. The bed
rooms all have plenty of windows
for light and ventilation. At tha
top of the stairs we have a hall for
flowers and sewing.
We have our house piped for a
water system, which we are plan-
ning to get in as soon as possible.
The electric line Is about one-hall
mile from our place, as soon as It
la order to keep up the pastures
the fanner should, harrow, fertilize,
mow. reseed and liming the pas
tures.
The fields should be arranged
properly, so that the farmer wont
have to go through another field In
order to reach one,-
And an the other things should
be practiced too. because they are
aeoessary.
ripe before catting. Do the same
with the oats grouid. Plow in early
fall, harrow Urc ground and seed
it as soon as 70a get the ground
oats, one acre strawberies. 15 acre
flax, la acres clover, five acres alfal
fa, two acres cow mangles and beets
nine acres corn, one acre potatoes
FARMING PLEASANT BUSINESS
Since city people are depended on
the fanner and his labor, farming
should be considered a business
proposition. By proper management
it can become a pleasant and profit
able business, with no more a grind
than that of a factory work. The
children can work together with to S years touH have a fair cron of
their parents, and when everybody nuts. Gooseberries are planted in
cleared off. Clover (round should one acre orchard, one acre vegetable
c piowea m ue iau ana seeaea w
gram. In the spring tow your clover.
Italian Prunes The ground
should be worked anu cleaned. Plant
your trees In February or March.
Prune and spray In Jan. or Feb.
Work your ground good all season.
Keep this up every year and In
four or five years yrtu'll be able to
gather a big prune crop. Raspberries
should be planted in early spring. '
Cultivated all season. In early
spring cut out all the old vines, train
up new ones. By the second year,
you 11 have a fair crop. All nut trees
are planted in early spring, cultivat
ed all season, pruned in June. In 3
lamps.
Piped water anU other conveni
ences greatly charge the modern
farm from that of which many less
fortunate people have to contend
with.
We can now devote our time to
farm . improvements. The many in
ventions of farm implements has
made farming a much more com
fortable life.
Fences should i-lwas be kept with
care and replaced with hard wood
posts, such as oak or ceda when
the posts begin to rot off next to!
the ground, causing the fence to sag.
Soil on hill sides of farms must
be cultivated with care, U. prevent
the soil from washing away.
Many farmers neglect their or
chards, letting their trees become
diseased from lack of pruning and
spraying. When pruning one should
cut some side twigs where they
Manure shoul- be stored under a; strike across the tree top and when
cover, sheltered from th3 rain and
sunshine, with a cement floor, and
not stored against the barn, for
the treating of tie sun on the ma
sure, causes the loss of nitrogen
s aad leaching if left where water can
' wash it, lor uus may take away
much cf the valuable plant food of
which it consists. Manure, should be
spread directly on the field and not
put in piles scattered in field, al
though it is sometimes the custom
for :t makes crops uneven it growth
aad also in ripening. When large
amounts of manure is applied to
light soil, ther is danger of the
plants suffering in time of drought.
during dry seasons.
Rotation has also proved a great
tricnor in buildin.. up soils.
Many grains, such as wheat, bar
ley and oats has pro.eJ hard on the
sr.ij if grown successively, for the
6 ii would soon exhaust Its chief
elements, while the rrowth of a
" variety of crops on a certain field
will prevent it iom exhaustion so
soon. The greatest need in rotation
ot crops is when crops are suffer
ing from different kinds of weeds.
ideaiis and insect pests.
Catch crops ire cood to be grown
io soon as a grain crop is removed.
sjch as cow peas, soy beans and
rr-.iiift. Crimson clovtr and winter
vetch can be mixed with winter
grains and sown in a cornfield in
July, so that they can occupy the
ground as soon as the crops are
Viken off and used seed
Qover crops are useful in many
rays, they help to keep the soil
from cashing away; they gather
Mirogen from the air aru store it . i
lie soil for future crops; their roots
i.-ilp to unlock plant ood in the
" they furnish pasture; they check
t:ie growth of weeds; they put hu
nvjs into the soil, if plowed under as
fer-ten manure; they also check late
fcrfiir of the trees when grown in
a;i orchard and temper winter freez-
Wir.ter rye can be sown in young
r: -hards in early fall. When spring
arrives soy beans or cow peas can
hi sown in June, to be turned under
tiie fall, in rye.
Another factor in the improve
ment cf soils is drainage, therefore
:t :t well to use draining ditches for
the i allowing reasons: 1. To let
'.r to soil and roots of plants. 2.
1 ' oeepen for feeding area or bac
'ona for the roots. 3. To reduce
s-l taring at time of drought. 4. To
::icita&e chemical action. 5. To raise
Kii temperature. 6. To aid in tillage.
7 To remove free or surplus water.
Succession cropping saves much
ground and produces one crop after
another, that brings a larger income,
although more work is required, such
as radishes, lettuce and tomatoes,
grown successively.
Companion cropping or double
cropping saves much ground, for in-
SvAfice, corn and pumpkins or corn!
tab beans climbing around the corn
On farms, a great problem Is to
have enough green feed for roe live
stock, at a time near mid-summer,
rmn the oastures are apt o be
citnt too dry. In having plenty of
ii at this particular time, this
system of green feeding r called me
soirins. system. Crimson clover can
be sown in corn in July, or August.
ready to cut in Mav,
Sach year after cur harvest of
croqs we should carefully select our
bt4 His, that is the ones that are
free from impurities and healthy in
ffvery respect, large and heavy of its
kind and taken from the best of
plant A way to detect Impurities In
setd is done by sprouting a sample
ot seed and then carefully observe
rha difference in their growth, for
'hey may differ in shape or number
ot seed leaves. Also determine the
germinating power of the sample,
Troublesome weeds should be
. sprayed with iron sulphate. In order
to get rid of bad perennial weeds,
one must, till frequently. Also a
dense growth or grains will smother
out many weeds. Sheep . also will
crop down many - weeds and keep
tnem under control.
Svery farmer should keep bees, for
they cot oni'y provide the fanner
with honey, but they greatly help
him. by distributing pollen from one
Diowean to another, therefore pro
ducing a better succession of crops.
An accurate record should be kept
of; sales of' various products and ex
penditures, also of the various tasks
tc- bay performed each week success
ivejyt (outside of dally routine)
, checng them off dally as per
pected ta -
the branches are too thick; such
pruning is equivalent to thinning
the fruit, making it larger. Let in
the sunlight. All dead or diseased
parts, even broken limbs should be
pruned. In picking an orchard site,
one must consider exposure, soil and
air drainage. When the --chard is
somewhat above the surrounding
land, the cold air of frosty spring
nights can drain away, thin saving
the early blossoms from injury. An
easterly or northeasterly slope is
preferred for stronr westerly winds
are often injurious to trees. The
early spring is preferred in planting
trees.
By using the modern farm ma
chinery, fewer Work horses are re
quired, although a few horses are
required on every farm. The Clydes
are well suited for heavy farm work.
because of their strengtl and rapid
walking gait.
The Jersey breed n one of the
most popular of the dairy breeds- in
America because of the richness oi
the milk and for the large quanti
ties of butter which they produce.
In raising swine, the Poland Chi
na and 'the Berkshire are much
preferred, especially the Poland
China of the fat .. The pig pen
should be well equipped for plenty
of sunshine, that is. hp a sun roof
of glass. Pigs should have plenty pf
green feed. After the soy beans are
matured, the pigs can be turned into
the field of beans to fatten.
It is very import ar " to keep vari
ety of poultry best suited for the
purposes desired. Poult, ymen use
the egg breeds, and use tnem wnue
young. For table use, keep the meat
breeds.
Chickenj should have special
nlaces for to roost and lay eggs, for
it is a bad practice to allow them to
use nlaces intended for other pur
poses. Their houses should be well
ventilated, artKlal.heat is not ad
visable, in a poultry house, except
for brooder chicks, f- heat often
leads to some kind of sickness
A hleh snot should be elected for
the chicken house, because oi na
tural drainage. Care should be tiken
towards keeping their nouses ciean
and sprayed. Chickens require an
abundance of sunshine and green
feed, and fresh water at an times.
Evirv farmer should have a pow
er house to provide the farm with
lctricitv
The modern farmer also requires
a suitable place for his farm ma
chinery and also a tool shop.
B
Diversity of Crops
Insures Revenue
Year Around
My father Is a farmer, and so I
am a farmerette. Since I shall pro
bably always live on a farm, I want
to help make bur farm a pleasant
and profitable place to live.
LOCATION
The drawing which accompanies
this storv. is our farm near Broaa
mead. Oregon. It consist of 8
acres of rich, loamy, sloping soil.
drained by the Salt creek. About
40 acres lie on the south side of
the road between the county road
and Salt creek, and about 28 acres
lie on the north side between the
county road and Salt creek, which
makes a large bend and almost
surrounds our place.
Our place Is about onevhalf mile
from school, postoflioe, market ana
station, two miles from a flour mill,
one-fourth mile from a saw mill.
8 miles from town, and we are
right on the milk route.
FARM BUILDINGS
The farm building; are facing the
county road, near- the middle of
the farm from east to west.
HOUSE
Our house is a newly built one.
two stories nigh. It contains seven
rooms, bed rooms, closets, living
room, kitchen and dining room
combined, cool room for fruit and
vegetables, bath room, entry room
for washing, and a large front
porch. We have amauer oacx
BARNS
Our barn has room for 12 cows.
but more room could be made if
necessary. It has room for three
or four horses. It contains shelves
for tools, bins for wheat, oats and
potatoes. The barn loft can hold
55 tons of hay, that is put in from
the outside by forks or slings,
drawn by horses. Connected with
the barn" is a shed for machinery
and a shed for calves and pigs. Be
hind the barn is a shed for the
cms when it rains or is cold in the
day time. There is also a barnyard
which leads down to the creek and
permanent pasture.
HOUSE YARD
Our yard in front of the house,
to the barns and garage is about
230 feet. We have a walk from Our
front porch to the road. I planted
some rose bushes in our yard this
spring, and am planning to plant
bushes such as: Persian lilac, g si
lica, indlca and red leaved bar
berry. I am going to make a flower
bed also close to the house this
spring and plant flowers such as:
sweet peas, gladioli, golden queen
aster, and others. This spring we
are going to plant some evergreens
in our yard and along the house
to cover the foundation, so it will
make our home look more attractive.
BARN YARD
From the road we have a road
that leads to the garage. In the
yard we have some trees for shade
and beauty. From the barn and
sheds we have a wall, to the ga
rage and to the house. The ga
rage is in a good place because
when we get electric lights we can
easy have them to the garage.
Vhen it rains or when we have to
pack something to or from the
garage it is good to have the ga
rage near the house.
LIVE STOCK
Our live stock consists of 12 cows.
Including pure bred Jerseys. Hol
stein. Guernseys, three calves, two
Poland China pigs, and three
horses. Every farmer should have
a pure bred bull also.
CROPS
In the four fields we can prac
tise the four year rotations as fol
lows:
A
First year, grain; second year,
clover; third year, pasture; fourth
year, corn.
B
First year, clover; second year.
pasture; third year, corn, fourth
year, grain.
C
First year, pasture; second year,
corn; third year, grain; fourth
year, clover.
First year, corn; second year,
grain; third year, clover; fourth
year, pasture.
We apply lime to the field where
clover is to grow next.
The orchard we have is just a
mixed, family orchard for our own
use. We raise a few trees of
peaches, pears, plums, prunes, cher
ries, apples, and other kinds. On
the west side of the house, partly
along one side of the house we
have our wood lot. that also serves
as a shelter belt for the buildings.
Behind the barn is raised the green
forage fee1, making it convenient
for the farmer and cows. Behind
the house we raise our garden
crops, so that they, might be
reached in a short distance and in
in a quick way. We raise such as
potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, rad
ishes, peas, beans, watermelon.
muskmelon, cucumbers, parsnips,
pumpkins and others.
Along the creek on both sides of
the farm, is quite a bit of timber
grown, which we use for fuel and
which also serves as a shelter belt
some places.
All roe fields and other crops can
be reached without having to go
through another field.
MANAGEMENT
There are many losses to be
checked on farms and all farmers
that want to manage properly
should consider these things, which
will help to make the farm become
a success.
Some of the things that a farmer
should consider are:
1. Proper use of barnyard man
ure.
2. Proper tillage methods.
3. Getting rid of all weeds.
, 4. Good rotations.
5. Well kept up pastures.
6. Properly arranged fields.
7. Plant disease kept in control.
8. Good feeding methods.
9. Rich, deep, loamy soil.
10. Shape of fields.
" Barnyard manure should be putl
in cement pit and covered, so it
wont waste. It should be spread as
soon as It is made. It should be
spread on the lowest part of the
field. .
Plowing should be done deep, an
weeds and stubble should be turned
under welL The fields should be
worked well in order to observe
moisture, ana prepare a good seed
bed.
All the weeds should be destroyed
before seeding.
A four year rotation should be
practiced, which proves to be con
venient. .
works together the farming bus!
ness will be pleasant and profitable
How to Make A
Success on 150
Acre Farm
The farm in question consists of
ISO acres, 80 acres of it is divided
Into four fields, which are nearly
square, and in these field the rota
tion crop system Is practiced. One
field contains corn. Two silos were
filled last year. One hundred bushels
of corn were also gathered from
this field. The second field contain
ed clover from which 19 tons of
clover hay was taken last year and
10 cows were pastured till September
20 in it.
The third field had oats in it.
which yielded 63 M bushels to the
acre last year. Nearly 1,000 bushels
were first class seed oats, so it Is
seen that the rotation crop system
is very helpful. The last field had
wheat in it, which yielded 32 bu.
to the acre. Nearly all of thir was
first class seed wheat.
The 70 ceres In fruit is broken by
2 creeks which run rlong the end
of the place. The farm buildings are
on about five acres o). land, which
includes one acre for the family or
chard. The house has eight rooms,
built for comfort and rest. A large
barn which has two silos in it, and
is capable of holding 30 tons of hay.
four horses and 4 cows are also kept
in it. Close to th. barn is a ma
chine shed and a blacksmith shop.
Thus it makes everything quite
handy for any kind of use. There is
also a chicken house near the barn
in which a few chickens are kept to
furnish eggs lor the nousenota
There are 25 acres O pasture and
timber in which the cows and horses
axe kept. Part of it is creek bottom.
which when cleaned and dredged
will be valuable for truck garden.
Now. however, it furnishes good pas
ture during the dry summer months.
The other 45 acres an divided into
different kinds of fruit. The first
field out from the barn you see on
my drawing is planted in raspberries
and Italian prunes ci which there
are nearly 12 acres. The prunes
which are 5 years old. yield 2 bush
els to the tree or 216 bushed to the
acre on an average. It Is found
therefore that an acre of prunes,
which averages 3 bushels to the
tree at 60c a bushel will go way
over an acre of whea . -vhich yeilds
60 bushels to the acre at $2.00 a
bushel on the prunes at 40c will
equal more than the wheat. From
th: red raps berries planted between
November, worked good all season.
Pruned and In spring. Spray in the
fall with bordeaux una again In
spring with lime and sulphur. In
three years they should bear 8 lbs.
to the bush, If taken care of the
year around. Cherries are planted in
the fall or early spring. Pruned In
Jan. Sprayed in Feb. with lime and
sulphur and again 1:. July with ar
senate of lead. 1 lb. 1 50 gallons of
water and 1 pt. of black strap mo
lasses this is for ths cherry fly. If
kept care of for four years you'll
have a fair crop. Evergreens are
planted in early spring, worked good
all year. Cut them back first year.
Second year put up posts, wire and
train up your berries. Pearr shou'1
be planted in the fall or spring
cultivated all season. Prune them in
the fall and spray early spring with
lime and sulphur. It's c '.led a dorm
ant spray. Spray again when the
blossoms are on. In four years youll
have a small crop. Loganberries
should be planted in March, worked
good all season. Cut them bad: the
first year. In two years youll be
picking loganberries. Standered
prunes should be planted in the fall
or spring, worked all season. Prune
them heavy either La Dec. or Jan.,
the first three . ears. Spray in Feb
ruary with lime and sulphur. In
three years youll have a small crop
of very large prunes, three prunes
to the tree. The reason for the many
different kinds of fruit is bcause
at no time will a person l.ave a cer
tain crop which he cannot sell, for
it can be bought to get the other
fruit you have. And during the sum
mer months when the grain is ripen
lrg you can be picking fruit of all
kinds. Thus tere is w rk aU the
season around on this farm
This is my essay on farm manage
ment.
D
Proper Four-Field
Rotation Needed
On Dairy Farm
I appreciate living on the farm be
cause it seems to me to be the mosi
independent way of earning a living
and the healthiest.
The house of this farm is large.
modern and complete. It has electric
lights which are convenient in every
way. It has a good water supply
which is pumped to where it is
needed by a gasoline engine. There
is water in the house, barn, chicken
house and pig pen. The basement of
of the house is cool In summer and
is a good place for storage foods.
garden, the pasture, barnyard
chicken yard, lawn and buildings
take up five acres.
Wheat is an important crop. We
grow it on heavy aoU. because on
light soil the kernels will not de
velop fully. We plow the ground in
early falL We sow the grain in fall.
early enough to let the plants
get a growth before winter. A grain
drill is used for planting. We use
one and one-half to three bushels
of seed per acre. We cut the grain
before it is too ripe for the kernels
to fan out. The cutting and binding
is done with a self-binder. It is then
shocked and left in the field for(
about two weeks to cure. It is then
threshed and sold.
Oats make one of the best feeds
for horses. We plant the seed on
heavy soil because there heavier
crops are produced. The soil is
plowed and harrowed before plant
ing. We plant the seed in very early
spring with a grain drill. We use be
tween two and three bushels of seed
per acre. Oats are in the same
manner as wheat.
m
We plant our flax in rich soil, not
too wet. We sow it in the spring.
"break" it in faU and disk it the next
spring. We use between six and nine
pecks of seed per acre. The flax is
pulled by hand. Then the plants are
tied into bundles and placed in
shocks, and left in the field a short
time before shipping it to the fibre
works.
the prunes 12 tons were picked last
season which sold for 8c a pound.
These will be grubbed out when
the orchard becomes matured.
The five acres walnuts, filberts,
chestnuts and almonds are young,
and the gooseberries which are
planted between the trees come next
on my drawing. The gooseberries pay
for the work of themselves and the
nut orchard to making it so the nuts
don't have to be worked for nothing.
Next to this is a 6 acre cherry
orchard which has Just commenced
to bear. Between these trees is
planted a row of evergreen black
berries which not only p- . for the
working of the trees but yield a
very good profit. The next is a 7
acre patch of logantterrie. and pears.
The trees are not bear jig yet but
the loganberries yielded 2 tens to
the acre last year, which was very
good profit The Burbank standard
prunes had their first crop last year;
which was nearly a gallon to the;
three. They were dried and sold to
hotel in Portland at 12c a i -wind.
cracked and alL The blackberries
which are between the trees pal I for
their upkeep besides yielding a fair
ly good profit.
In planting corn the ground
should be plowed at least two times.
Early spring then in May double
disk the ground and plow again.
Harrow the ground and mark It off
and plant the corn. Cultivate the
ground and hoe at least 4 times.
Wheat ground snould be plowed
early fall. Harrow and teed the
ground as soon as possible to give
grain a good start. Harvest it in
July. Dont let the grain get too
The separator house is made of brick.
and has a little side room in which
the cream is kept.
The barn is large and well built,
with electric lights. There is a large
hayloft which holds enough hay for
the livestock during the winter. The
manure is taken out to a place where
it is drained. The pasture for the
livestock is a short distance from
the barn. It is large with good grass
and a few trees.
The machine shed is well built so
as to project the machinery. It is
built near the barn so that we do
not have to go so far with the horses
to get the machine.
The chicken house is built on a
high spot , so that natural drainage
away from the building win keep
the ground dry and free from dis
ease. We never have artificial heat
in the chicken house, except for
brooder chicks. The winter feathers
of the chickens are warm enough
and artificial heat often leads to
some kind of illness. The house is
built with a low ceiling with the
open side to the south. The chicken
yard Is large with plenty of fresh
earth for the chickens to scratch in.
We keep seven cows. They fur
nish enough milk for our own use
for the chickens and for the hogs.
They bring in enough cream for our
own use and to seU. We keep four
horses, they are of the heavy draft
type.
There are 120 acres In this farm
There are 40 acres wheat, 23 acres
THE Fife
Bank
We sow clover in a field of grain
sown the fall before. The seed is
sown in early spring. We cut it just
before the heads turn browi. The
nrst crop which is cut for hay is cut
In June. The second crop is cut in
August and the seed is threshed in
September.
Alfalfa is the best milk produc
ing crop we can grow. We use it for
green feed. We cut a little at a time
so as to keep It fresh for the cows
By the time the entire field is cut
the part of the field first cut is
again ready for cutting. The field
selected is well drained and no water
stands at the surface. We sow the
;eeds after the first August rains
We use around 30 pounds of seed
per acre. The crop is cut the June
after planting and is cut four time?
a year. We cut it when the blossom
ire showing a little over the field
It is then brought in the barn before
he rains can spoil it.
Mangles and beats are valuable as
feed. They contain water and are
very digestible for cattle.
The potatoes are grown in sandv
ioil which has much vegetable mat
ter in It. We plow the soil shortly
before planting. After plowing we
go over the land with a harrow. We
plant the potatoes as soon as the
soU can be prepared. The rows are
made three feet apart and the plants
in the rows between 12 and 18 inch
es. We allow 10 bushels seed per
acre. The plan! are cultivated
funtil the vines sftade the soil well
Later the plants are sprayed. We
dig the crop by a potato digger
Then the potatoes are picked up and
put in sacks.
We grow corn on heavy loam.
The plowing is done six weeks be
fore planting. We use the disc-harrow
after the plowing. After that we
use the harrow every 10 days to keep
the ground from crusting and losing
moisture. We plant the corn with a
horsepower planter. The seed Is
planted a foot apart. After that we
use the cultivator after each heavy
rain. We harvest our crop when the
kernels are hard. We cut it with a
corn cutter.
Our vegetable garden yields all the
vegetables we need. We have the
vegetables planted in rows so that
we can cultivate.
The strawberry patch is near the
garden. The land used is rich. We
plow the soil in fall, after plowing, it
is harrowed. The plants are planted
in middle f alL
The orchard site is a southerly
slope. It is chosen because it will
cause more movement of sap in
winter and early spring. When
planting we make large holes, and
put some of the best loose dirt In
the bottom. Then the tree is plant
ed. The roots are put In straight
Then the soil is packed down well
around the tree. Some loose earth is
put on top to prevent evaporation
of soil moisture. The trees we grow
are: apple, pear, cherry and plum.
I use my corn for ensilage, my
clover for hay. - 1 sell what wheat
I do net use for ay chickens aad
Pigs. I bare my wheat chopped
aad mix It with oats for pig feed.
wbat oets I do not use for say
9igs and cattle I sell. I have my
oats rolled aad feed them to my
cows. I also have them chopped
and feed them to my pigs.
My orchard is fenced with poul
try and hog-proof fencing, the
remainder of my farm Is fenced
with hog-proof fencing so that my
pigs can run in the same field a?
ray cattle.
I
In the fall after my crops are
off I pasture all my fields except
ing the corn and potato field un
til the rainy season, as it is not
good for land to be pastured when
wet.
I rotate my fields every year
doing as follows: In my corn and
potato field I plant wheat, In my
cow pasture I pasture my sheep,
because they keep the weeds and
grass eaten down closely so that
it makes it easier to cultivate. The
sheep do not pack the ground like
the cattle would, making it much
easier to plow and work down.
In my wheat field I plant my
clover and in my clover field 1
pasture my cows.
I plow my corn and potato
ground in the fall and again in the
spring. My wheat, clover, and
oats are sowed in the fall.
I do my farming with horses
1 have a manure 'spreader and
I spread the manure that I do not
U6e on the flowers and garden, on
the field in which I am going to
ymni ray corn ana potatoes.
I keep the Durham cattle. I
una mem oecause tney give a
large quantity of milk and if they
aren't good milkers I can receive a
large sum for them by seliinK
them for beef. I keep most of
my calves tor a while, then sell
them for baby beef.
I sell my cream to the cream
pry because I like to have my
separated milk for my chlckene
and pigs. I like to feed the sep
arated milk to my pigs because it
is good growing food, and I like to
have my pigs ready for tha mar
ket by the time they are six
months old.
I have the registered Duroc
pigs. I like them because I believe
thpy are better grazers than any
other pig.
I have the Rhode Island Red
chickens. I keep them because
they are good layers and a heavy
breed.
I keep the Shorpshire sheep. I
like them because they have a
large fleece of medium wool, they
are a large sheep, and sell well
for mutton.
My cow barn is a modern dairy
barn with electric lights. It has
a silo at one end.
I have a horse barn to keep
my horse in with a tool shed on
the side of it.
I have a large hog-house.
My chicken-house Is a modern
chicken-hoUse large enough to
accommodate three hundred chick
ens. I have it equipped with elec
tric lights so that the chickens can
work part of the nights during
the winter months.
I have a Dairy-house equlDned,
with electric lights, hot and cold
water and a tank of cold water
to set my cream in to keep it cool
My garage with a work-shoD in
one end is large enough to hold
two carB.
My house is a modern efehtlr8"- im-
room nousewitarr
d -electric l.-htV."' , ,
I iet k;i-MIerf'1Tn
ins Darns ana me cnicKen-rionse
I keep books so that at the end
of the year I know just how much
I have made.
I have a radio, piano and a
talking-machine. I alao subscribe
for good magazines for pleasure
and education.
I think that good farm manage
mnt consists not only of making
a farm profitable but a pleasant
place to live.
Buildings consist of a conveniently
arranged seven-room house which -la
modern throughout. Bams are of ,
avfrlcteat alae to house stock on the
place properly and ' tonTeolently.
Water is piped to bams and bog
house. The alio la. of course, looked
upon on this place, as an absoluts
neoesslty as it enables' us to get th
maximum feed value out of - the4
com raised on the place. The fences1,
m the place are aU of the wovenk
wire type and cause no further in-
convenience after th first construe
tion.
A garden of ample else, fencea
with chicken-proof wire, lies op1-"
posite the house facing the road?
Fruit trees of all kinds make up Xhtr
family orchard which produces fruit
3f a quality that will equal that pro1-'
auced in any other part of the state.
In starting out to manage this
place properly and economically,
one of the first steps taken was the
testing of the soil In order to learn.
if possible, in what element It might
be deficient. We found that lime
was one of the principal ingredients
lacking in the soil After applying
about two and one-half to three
tons of ground lime-rock to the acre.
we found that the soil worked up
much more readily and It seemed
that even the subsoil was loosened
up considerably. Thus the plant
food contained In the soil was made
more readily available for glajit
nourlsment and after applying a
fair coating of barnyard manure the
returns were very materially to
creased. We found that vetch and
clover could be produced on the land
so treated, and consequently our
corn and grain crops were practical
ly doubled. Neighboring straw piles
were also bought and hauled out on
the land and plowed under, which
added also to the much needed hu
mus of which the soil in these hills
Las been practically depleted by the
continuous one-crop farming wheat
and again more wheat.
In order to get the manure of
which mention is made above,.! wilt,.
state tha'. we keep in our barns f"
15 to 25 head of live stock.
consist of four horses and th
ance cows. These cows, unaer
management bring in a good
at the 'end of each month 1
producing the much-needed t
which keeps up our soil fertil
Then there are the nog
chickens, each of which In
place produce a good income I
supplying a good part of the
of the family table. ;
In addition to the crops V
referred " to" hereih7"'wealsO-
quite a nice tonnage of berries.
as strawberries and logan
which have always produced
and helped materially to tnc
the income of the farm. -We
set out five acres of prunes am
to set out three acres of ch
which win add to the annual U,
in the near future.
The method of farming fo!
on this farm is based entire
diversification and rotation of
which in our opinion and expe
is the best and only way to
high-priced land pay a fair dit
on the money invested and f
same time maintain and ofte
urease the fertility of the solL
value of the farm is there!
creased which Is another impc
factor to be considered. t
Proper Fertilization
Requires Careful
Soil Tests
A 70 Acre Tract
FARM MANAGEMENT
My farm consists of seventy
acres. I have divided It into six
fields of teu acres each, three
acres for my garden and smah
fruit, five acres for my house and
barn. Between my six ten acre
fields I have a lane extending from
the barn lot with a gats opening
Into it from each field so as to
have it .convenient for pasturing
either field.
In my ten acre fields I have the
following: In the first field I
have com and potatoes, the sec
ond field I use for sheep pasture.
the third field I use for cow pas-
tare. In the fourth field I have
oats, and In the sixth field I have
wheat. In nry garden I have dif
ferent kinds of vegetables, grapes
and strawberries, while fa my or
chard- I have cherries, pears.
peaches, prunes, apricots. English
walnuts, and filberts. 1 spray my
fruit trees, every year and I also
keep a few bees to polllnhte my
fruit trees.,: I have jeut two small
pieces off of my orchard, one for
my hog house, and the other for
my chicken house.
The farm in question consists of
60 acres and Is located near Mac
leay. Ore., or in what is known as
Waldo Hills country, less than one
half mile from a standard school,
the Macleay store, and railroad. A
paved highway leads right up to the
door of the buildings. The place !s
also served by mail delivery and,
telephone.
the" 'tame; With correct an
ment on the farm one man c
more with less work than twe
on a place not so well arranf
Another important part of'
management is the choices t
livestock kept on the place
keep good cows only: Board
weeded out as soon 'as detect
same is true of hogs andp
Considering the fact that It
just as much and more to fee
take care of a poor animal
good one it is therefore good
ness , to have none but the.)
such can be secured at a fa
reasonable price.
' i
There is another part of
management which Is too oft,
glected and that Is the houslr
proper care of farm machine:
bring all our implements back
good machine shed as soon l
field work Stir which the Imp!
is used, is finished. This Is of
importance considering the
high cost of niacMnery,..
A plat or drawing pf the
herein described is attached 1
Location of buildings, fields,
pasture is given on the same.
This essay refers to in';
farm as it exists today, and it
the owners of it have actual!:
doing for the past eight year,
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