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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 24, 1925)
' ; - i- .......... ,-. . - ; . . . SALEM Thci Statesman will publish arid award a prize each week for the best essay, submitted by a grade school pupil on the industries scheduled on this page. HI 5 - The Sweet Cherries Must Have Pollcnizers, and There Is a Long and Patient Search for the Best Varieties to Be J Used,' Havinq a Bearing Upon Pickinq and Marketing "".Problems There Is a Possibility That Too Many Bings and Lamberts May Be Put Out, Especially in Poor Locations arid With Indifferent Attention. tjTor the purpose of eheckining a few years ago wm foened lii'espei JJ worth ecially by new growers, it; while to print below what Ih-of. C. E. Schuster of the Oregon Agricultural college, wrote for the aihnual cherry Slogan number of The Statesman a year ago, as fol lows:) -r ' At -the time ' that Lewellyn "brought his stork of nursery trees across the plains there could hare been 1'ttle conception af the role the sweet cherry was to play in the..futut"8 development- of the 1'aclf ic coast. With tbe Royal Aon or Napoleon came other let ter varieties, and f r"6nt these have developed the Bins and Lambert Th'.CBingr. Lambert, and Royal Ana make up a noble triumvirate . ot- varieties.: Their quality a nd , excellence is so high that they J have rated as first class cherries j ant tno acme-of. ewellence ; for , thjs fruit. , The IMvldlnjc Line m . . . There seems to be a pretty, defi nite dividing line as to tha uses of- these varieties. The Royal Ann, although shipped, in--part. fifld3 Itrgreatebt use in the can-;'r;;" w"n qu-' "V- nry trade. ' In the pasf except 1 Whenever a rort received in a few places, it' has been a that there 1 r-stcrile tree Ntter money-maker than tno bearing from pollination of its other ol varieties. Lately with ,"WB P"n- we fnvost,Ra,c in thc - .i.innn,.nt .r ju..tr rcil'ope thaf we can legate a tree . r . .. ....... . rertor pacnees ana oeiier nna- l:ng'.nethods, the shipping Indus-! trvVhas expanded rapidly.-and the' bla'fk cherries, like, the Ulng and Lambert, are receiving much at-! tetftlon.. Warning on loor Location ."! ifXe prices for black cherries shipped east have stimulated con siderable interest in the Ring -and Lambert,, and we will undoubted ly,ind many plantings going out onpoor locations In this state. In the Willamette f alley shipping cherries were profitable this year, but due to an unusually dry year in which there was little develop ment of Jjrown rot. During ordi narir season, brown rot will be Hi'lmenace, and always very dif ficsft to . control in ,ihis section. Fo. thatHason the planting of blatk cherries . should t-on.sl-dered as'ver doubtruf'untH bet Ht met bod s of con trotiiaVe been put into erfect for the htown rot. ;'l"perinietiog onSlfarkH Thc black cherry has ncjer been xftessfully canned over a period of y&Ti--Experimental' work Is under way at. the present time to determine rpally Fucccssful meth ods for canning these cherries. ua.Jf these.are:wrked oiitj then w may find nnd added market for this kind or'cherry. On the whole, it would seeni. that the platttings In the Willamette valley ha better be mostly eontiped, to tbo canniug eherrles.t which mill Imi jthe Royal Anns. - , Avoid Seconilury Varieties ieny little Is don in Oregon 'ilfi the secondary varieties. Ex- cent in a "mail way the growing ofjtcarly Tarietles. like the Black Ta rtarian. has not been undertak en '""successfully. Early che'rr'es i from - this section complete with th mid-season and late varieties .of California, districts. Such , cherries re go wmuch. better than tl;Black Tartarian or similar va.ietjw jjhame latter have no chance" on the market. These eaIy rherries are only of use in a limited -iyV find 4 few gnyw i t. handling, the early cherries bucccssfully. but' these ra for only s very local shipments and , very i loial tra'de. aJid cannot be consl i rtered in the shipping industry to ; anjcieTtent. . - Thn pherry fruit fly Is making Ita appearance in different- parts ; nLibe state, and It will be but a ehort time until it will bo In all f?erf iona. However, this can "be , esaily controlled, althongU it adds another burden to the cherry ) " PoUtnatlon Problems ' ? Due to the excellence In quality of-lbe Bing.; Hoyal Ann, and Lam- ,bfrj. and alioto the development iot the canning and Bhlpnlnr in dustry, .the attention In t&e niaat - THE OREGON STATESMAN, SALEM, OREGON - S entirely on theset hrc varieties. When these extensive plantings were supposed to come Into near ing. the crops, in many .cases were very light. Some-orchards would Have good crops annually, while other orchards would regu larly produce, very small crops, with an occasional heavy, crop. Early investigations by the ex periment station disclosed the fact that sweet cherries were self sterile. In those orchards pro ducing heavy crops annually were to be Tound secondary varieties planted jwith the Bins. Lambert, and Royal Ann. The statement that the cherries are self-sterile and need eross'pol- Iination is orten questioned by growers as they watch some trees behave. However, we have yet to locate a tree that is bearing and is absolutely Isolated from any other form of cherry. Tales of such trees now and then reach our ears, but none of these tales have yet been verified. Our fon dest dreams is to locate such a I . - ; . i , . . : . 'that ilf"i that does not need cross pollina tion. - " . ; .' Swtvt Hierries Self-Sterile Such findincs. if confined to the LEM ohm of mm state of Oregon alone, might be4 attempt to find a superior variety looked upon with more or less j for cross pollination, or varieties skepticism if that condition held) that were superior from the com-, only in Oregon. California has4 mercial standpoint. The locating been working on the question ot jof' the ideal variety is a problem cherry pollination for a good many years, and reports the same results ns found in Oregon. Kng. - land and Sweden have conducted I extensive investigations, and their ' resnlta check with those of Amer ica: namely, that the sweet cherry is self-sterife. and in many cases more "or less inter-sterile, depend ing upon varieties. Holland and France report all experiments with the same results. Incidentally it might be noted here that'Orrgon, England Swed en. " and France report the Kouf fhferry ro.be! self-Vtcrile, partially self-sterile, or entirely self-sterile, Vtepending-upon the variety;that is. some varieties will need cro'ss pollination while -other varieties are effective when planted alone. It Is a known fact that in-certain years the low producing or chards vlth very few pollcnizers will otten prodoc goodj:crops. This, occurred in 1924.- As a rule these, crops occur during those prevail during the1 blooming sea-f- son. During warm weather the insects; fly much more, so that the natural distributing agents of pollen are present in rrfnch larger quantities and cover a much larger territory. In other word, during j tae cold "oasons the flowers ad the season ""-ere"-abletO"" product fruit, but the Inseeis- did n distribute the pollen to the flow er: also from ejmerimental data it is shown tbtj-tj'wer3 un der natural condition ' are ef fective and ,capabbt',pridbeing fruit at any limeC" previAed the pollen is placed'thre " i Hunting the Pollenizer .--In the year of this pollination work of the sweet jcherry, yatrje tles like the Ixng-8teintned Water house, Black Republicans. : Black Tartarian, Governor -'Wood,? 'Elf on and Pn with others xram ra- commended as, pollenisers for 'tkn5',111 catl b? uscd Royal Ann. Bing. and Lambert. From an experiments standpoint, these worked ? well, yet f rotp t practical standpoinii Jn the f iei. they might" or inlghf 'not 'be satisfactory,, VWhen the work was taken up again in LJ22. the isamo results were . obtainedCertaln varieties would be excellent in the experimental work, yet varieties ef the same same might or might not be " snccesisful tat boT; field. Black Republican... for tmjtaJico, might give good result3, or ithey m58 m!gh( not. ' ' ... - . ... ..... . , . Dl S THE DAILY STATESMAN dedicates one full page each week in the interests of one of the fifty-twd basic industries of the Salem district. Letters and articles from jbpjcisters are solicited. This is your page! j I Help boost Salem. This- led to a study of field con ditions, where it was found that no one knew exactly wha was a Long-Stemmed Waterbouse or exactly what was any other varie ty, especially the secondary varie ties. From five to six types of most of these varieties', were to be found ;yil readily di.si iriguisli rd. No one knows how many more there are that are tt'most or prac tically identical to the main vari ety. Thc sweet cherry produces seedlings of very high merit, and it is a comparatively easy problem to duplicate the secondary varie ty. A Pat ion j Search In the past a 'nurseryman could propagate any tree, of the desired type without damase to eiiy Vine. Without being exactly true 1 to name, it did no narticular damage to any one. It has almost come' to the. place where a variety name' should be organ ized not as a variety name but as a type name. 'Hue to the misun in nomenclature of the cherry, the work in 192 1 on the pollinat'on of the cherry was changed somewhat. If we were not able to recommend un reservedly all. the varieties that proved successful in our work, we could 'do another thing for the grower we could certify as to the individual or to the single tree. This was undertaken with two view in mind: first to provide scion wood for touworking j me old nonproducing orcnards ot the state: second, provide propa gating wood for nurseries so that yonnK trees could be put out with a certified pedigree showing taht the parent trees would cross pol linate with each other. In other words, this wa.s another phase of pedigreed nursery stock.- Mr this purpose trees were located of the Ring. Lambert, and Royal Ann varieties, and definitely located by charts. Then the pol Jenizers were selected and located in the same way. The pollcnizers in practically all cases were selected from the heaviest learing orihards of the district! The aim were sure would be good for cross pollination. .We-made byt little for the future. With the heavy on in the state plantings goinj at the present .time and the loss of income from nonproducing orchards, it was felt that the cer- tiffcation of the material that was very sure to work and produce n crop on the .commercial varieties would be of greater importance than to work over a lone period of time in the future to find the ideal combinations. As it is now, there are at The Dalies, . Oregon mcertaln .niitrla .jjfcja-oietle discovered a fc; id mack nimrn1 trces. like the and Norma, which seem to "be" Very true to typo aCd,.trees fj"pk diocks nave given successful Jests In our exDerimentnl work.i.uAtifffi earns -time these- lmTiautirjTltm0ii4k'a?! or groups or trees nave set neavy crops on the commercial varieties. This material will be especially valuable in ' top-working older orchards, where a large amounfbf material is available. At the same time we have numbers of Royal Ann, Ding, and Lambert of Royal Ann, Bing. and Lambert trees with accompanying pollenizers where the Individual trees are loc ated so that ;' propagating Mood should . be available to nurseries i for: making combinations of varie ties necessary for successful pro duct Ion. This same work will be carried on in at least one place in the Willamette valley the coming season. ' V The Black RepuSIican was used in, large quantities because! it is a variety commonly found in The Dalles district.; and, $10 Wanse It is a variety of :!roWiderable valne for that distrfct. For many other districts it is pf no parti cular value unless It cap be ship ped. " ' I - The Norma- is a variety appar ently true to type, as it was propa gated at one time from a single Uree and has a fair value as an in a limited way for the earl v mar ket. The Long-Stemmed Water house a&ed at The Dallas in pirt came originally from Mr. Fergu son's place near Saiem, This Is a. larger fruited variety of the Waterhouse, and did. fairly good work in cross pollination.' Several types of the' Centennial" were also successful, but this variety has been found laore prevalent and more successful east, of the Cas cade mountains 'than' in 'the Wil lamette valley. ; 'Other ladividual j - ' - . , . nn jm cor SIXTH CONSECUTIVE YEAR THIS WEEK'S SLOGAN DID YOU KNOW that Salem is thc "Cherry City of the World," and that she is entitled to this proud distinction by reason of the fact that she is the marketing place and headquarters of the best cherry country known with a cherry industry already large but capable of indefinite expansion; that, with the proper pollenizer and with bees to carry the pollen, cherries in the Salem district are a sure crop; that they are a profitable crop, the industry inviting men of brains and brawn from the wide world; and thai in sweet cherries this district has what amounts to a f ranchiseV the only fly in the ointment being the lack oC proper tariff protection, which there is a fight to have granted by; congress? . Dates of Slogans in Daily Statesman ' (In Twice-a-Week Statesman Following Day) " (With a few possible changes) Loganberries, October 1 Prune. October 8 ltaiijing, October 15 n, October 22 PilberLs October ! Walnut. November 5 Strawberries, November Y& Apples, November JO Raspberries, November 20 Mint,' PecemVKTT 3 Beans, Ktc, IVTember lO Blackberries, FJeceniber 17 -Cherries, December -4 Pears, December lit Cioosberries, January 7, 102. Corn, January 14 CeleYy, January 21 Spinach, ltc, January 28 Onions, Etc., February 4 Potatoes, Ktc.,' February 11 Bees, February 18 Poultry and Pet Stock, Feb. 25 City Beautiful. Etc., March 4 ;rjcwt Cows, March II Paved Highway!, March 18, Head lettuce, March 2-5 KltM Kiii, Aprt 1 i i liegume. April 8 Asparagus i:tc, April 15 irnes, KU"., A prll 22 Drug Garden. April 20 THE UNIQUE LIFE STORY OF THE The Rascal Lives Out of Sight for Ten Out of the Twelve Months of Its Life Cycle, But for a Short Part of thc Two Months IMs Voracious and Fairly Easy of De struction by Proper Vigilance BY C. J. McINTOSH.'OAC. When cherry growers- in. some of the favore.i districts of tjie Wil- ta to" ha Ye til e appearance of trying jqntrm toff htU&k they wece U." ifBJ isiT:' "On recover in g"'fToiu"tfIe -su rpr ise They went to. work toTearn 'what the newp lague might mean.JAnd,'ar-, gely in cooperation with rep resentatives of the Oregon Agri cultural college experiment station enfmologists, uncovered the unique story of the cherry fruit fly somewhat as follows: The adult fly, which appears suddenly . in the cherry orchards at about the time the Rovat Ann cherries areJ beginning to color up. U a small fly, two-thirds the size of the common . housefly -with banded wings and abdomen , and striped . thorax. The bands are black, those on the wings having somewhat the effect of pictures. Those on the. abdomen a&e quite regular, while those on the white spot atop the thorax arc very nar row and inconspicuous. When it first appwra'aboVt the cherry trees and ether trees' and plants that produce globules o sweet on the foliage, this fly deems to have nothing in particular toj do further than flit about on glad wing while bathing in . sunshine, feasting on foliage sweets' and other and Imore solid foods. anda enjoying its season of mating. Then Jn 10 days to twp weeks the females beg'a to seek out the fast coloring fruit of the sweet chen-v nrnrsriiMv tm Ti.,1. .t . v ........ mi. tqtC J'UAt! and the Lambert though not averse to the Royal Ann and the PU13. or even, seedlings atid ao-we?t;eher rles -and to jinnch tiny, holesln the skin for depositing hejrfgs. As the eggs are very small and SEND CTPY EAST Sngnr Beets, Sorghum, Etc., 7Jay G ' AVnter Power, May 13 Irrigation, 31 ay -O Mining. May S7 Land, Irrigation, Etc., Jnue 3 Floriculture, Juno lO - , Hop. Cabbage, Ktc, June 17 Wholesaling and Jobbing, June 24 encumbers. Etc., July 1 ilogs, July 8 Goat, July 15 Schools, Ltc, July 23 Sheep. July 20 Xational Advertising, August 5 Heeds, Etc., August 13 Livestock, August 10 Grain and Grain Products, Aug ust HO Manufacturing, September 3 Automotive Industries, Septcm- lier 0 . Woodworking, Etc., September r 1 Paper Mills, September 2:1 i (IiacTt copies of the Thurs Jtiy'edition, ot The Daily Ore- -Won Statesman are ci. nand. They are fr oaie at 10 cents each, bailed to any address. current copies 5 cents). the puncture no more than the prick of a pin point, no evidencf of the attack is doseerninle until the eggs have batched into tin rmaKget that begin at-once to feed Oil- rtfittnir pulivto t n n nef through it, and; to piake, rapid' growUr" thereby" Voo iWuvigrOO A . vr.tCTiy&fcy mark tin the rnfertod fruit, whichl" goes into early maturity and de-.-cay-. . .The sid'eo? the fruit most severely riddled turns brownish aud sinks away, and the content of the cherry skins indicates by unpleasant odors as well as by appearances that all is not well. It is of course everlastingly too late to salvage any of the fruit thus affected. When the presence of the pest was unknown the fruit was-picked a- usual and either used or marketed,- It was. the latter that called' attention to the seriousness of the pest and eventually stimu lated investigations that .brought out the leading facts in connec tion, with the pest and Us habits. (In late ripening fruits the maggots were able to mature undisturbed, upon which. .they gnawed their way to the outde of the cherry, and letting all holds go, dropped to the ground. This was usually abont tbe end of July as well as the end of the attack for that year. For tpe worm grown old and fallen even as the sere and yellow leaf, at bn-. whib strength remained, turned all its energies into bur rowing Into, the earth for a few inches at 'most, i ' And there the worm ended hia awa worm stage by transforming Into a small reddish brown pupa lhich condition it remained, if undisturbed by cultivation of the ground or by forage of fowl or bird, until the bright days of sun ny June, when again it emerged as an adult, to fly to eatand to : f TIIURSTiAP MORNTNG,?DECEMBER 24, 1925 loaf in the sunshine and to make love and mate for a new orgy of egg laying. A Dread Enemy It was thus found that this fly. close relative to the dread Medl- irrranian iruu tiy, passes some ten months of his annual life un der ground, and most of lhe other months hidden under the skin of the cherry either as an egg or a worm. In fact the only time and chance the growers have to get at. the pest is the brief two weeks? of of eating, mating and eg- laving. If they do not get it then they have scant chance ever to get It at all. It happens that the fly is rather voracious on the occasion of its first appearance in public, eating and lapping u snlids and sweets on the foljage of the trees it visits. By adding a little poison to this food and drink, the grower found that he is able to kill it off in large measure and greatly di minish the extent of damage to his cherry crop. The poison bait recommended by the experiment station and practised with good effect by numerous growers, is as follows: Lead arsenate a half pound; molasses or syrup never honey 2 quarts; water, 10 gallons. Three applications are recom mended and found best In practice. The first when fjfte fruit fly first appears, usually about the time the Royal Anns begin to show good color, June 5 to 15, the sec ond ton days later and the third one week after the second. Two applications may prove enough if timed well and rains do not wash off the bait. Rains may even wash off the bait so seriously as to make another application neces sary. It is generally best to make in application to close by trees of prune or. other varieties that seem to attract the fly. If this is done, ind if infestation oeft not result from flies from neighboring orchard-", inrc-tation is usually arreatly loosened. sometimes en tirely prevented. Not a great deal of the poison is needed, a pint to a quart being J imple lor average to larjre trees. The flies are very active and flit ibout the upper surface of the leaves lapping up the sweets, so the application id best made in ?inall droplets to the upper surface jf the outer leaves. Cultivation of the soil about the roots of the trees, epecialy shal low plowing that turns up the soil some two or three inches deep where the chic.kens and birds may scratch outt he pupae and devour them, helps in control. BOB. PRIES V Place With a ' r; :. J Dno.i4. I mc vigvt iii tnu uoauir ; : ful Waldo Hills I). J. Miller was one of the men asked to write something for this annual cherry. Slogan number of The Statesman. . Mr. Miller met the Slogan man and said he was tob busy to write, but he gave the information that he has 11 acres of cherries," Iloyal Anns and Lamberts. lie has also 11 acres of prunes and 15 acres of walnuts. Mr. Miller's place Is a mile east of Macieay aid is "just over the fence froni ,th22Tacre Lambert cherry orchard that is being set out by Salem paties. Mr. I trier says he gets a ton and a half to two tons to the acre of chertjjeftroin his mature tree, in ordina'r yjeTs. He surely nas a magnificent place, with a. luagnificent view, and the Slogan ' editor predicts that, when-alt his fruit and nut trees are in full bearing, lie will be "sitting' on "f he world." UOLF TOtT.XKl I'.NDEli WAY SEATTLE, Dec, 22. Checking up today showed the. Pacific north west contributing 1 5 players for a. JlO.Owu open golf tournament at Los Angeles January 84and 9. The players , are. genorally expect ed to contest in .other meets while in the south,, whither aonie of them, had already gone. : FIVE HLUT IN WHECK . TAIUS, Dec. i 22.(By j Asso ciated Press.) -Five persona were Injured. one of 'them - eertously when the Basil-Paris express was derailed .today at N61sy-Le-8ec, In the-departmeht of the Seine. iraiih si Rn IW, III Ibl I W I w IlliWW For instance:' Salem district has. two counties growing the sacred myrtle the only place it grows on this continent. What unique fact do you know about the district? Address articles to Slogan Editor, care Statesman. w LLflMETTE VALLEY None Better Can Be Produced Any Place In the World, Says Prof. Schuster For the General Commercial Cherry Grower, for This Valley, the Royal Ann Is the Standby Growing of, Such Canning Cherries a Very Suitable Form of Fruit Growing Editor Statesman: Sweet cherries are at home in the Willamette valley, being close ly associated with the development of horticulture in this section from the beginning. When Lewel lyn brought his stock of nursery trees across the plains a few sweet cherries were - included. From that small beginning has come a great industry, for many of the commercial' varieties, headed by .the Bing and Lambert, were de veloped here. Seemingly the home for sweet cherries, this territory has seen new and better cherries produced until now NONE BET TER CAT BE PRODUCED auy place in the world. While the quality as to size, color 'and flavor is satisfactory with most varieties a dirficulfy confronts cherry growers from the natural climatic conditions that may affect the fruit after it is mature. This difficulty is the danger of rains and wet weather about the time the fruit is ripen ing. This may cause the fruit to crack open or else brown rot and molds may develop. With the danger of rains split ting the-fruit? a cherry' grower al ways is in a hurry to pick , the fruit. This green fruit is particu larly noticeable in canned cher ries, like the Royal Ann. While the quality of the pack is lowered by this kind of fruit, the grower cannot" be blanied for picking the rruit if it can be; sold. Whilo the grower plays safe by picking the fruit early in some season, in others he loses decid edly, for studies have shown that the cherry makes a decided In crease in size just before full maturity. Cherries picked as they had attained a maturity that gave good quality Bad gained from 22.2 to 26.3 per cent in weight over the cherries that were picked at the time many growers were rush ing their cherries to the canneries. My this earliness of picking, they were losing approximately 23 per cent Of the tonnage they might have.received. Of course In some years they may lose much more than that if left loncer- on the t ree, o It 4s tt question 'whether to wait and run a chance of ob taining, better- quality and more weight weight or picking early and being sure of a red need "tonnage of lower quality-fruit, 1 : Black for Shipping Early This r same danger of cracking is present also in the black cher ries, but with the added danger of brown rot when shipping them fresh. I As yet "' no satisfactory method has been devised whereby these chfcrires can be successfully canned, so if they are to be mar keted, they must be shipped. j Tn shipping fresh cherries from this section, brown rot Is an al ways present menace. The fre quent rains and the general humid conditions are! conductive to the presence of a great number of spores which ;are ready for infec tion of the fruit as soon as con ditions, ace right. Added to the humid condition of this country being. idqal for the development of brown 1 rot, , are the humid condi tions pf the refrigeratr car. While the cool temperatures ef the car may., retard . the development of brown rot to a eertain extent, this trouble will work fat- when the cool fruit is exposed to warm at mosphere and the fruit begins to sweat.- I'; '; - .'-!; Theoretically, it is possible to spray for .brown rot and hold . It in control: It is on the same bafis as spraying for codling moth orjpcab in appe. If everything is done at the proper timo. iu the proper way and with proper ma terials, worms and scab- can lie practically eliminated, in apples. However, the experience of com mercial growers has not shown it to le possible; in all years. ' If the satue percentage of brown rot in chcrrfea develops aa does worms and-' fecaD "In apples, It Is doubtful if shipping cherries is practical. The pcabby end woxmy apple can be picked, out, hut the.. infected loo E cherry goes in and with its decay is bound to Infect other sound fruit In the same, box." When It Is demonstrated that spraying for brown rot is 100 per cent efficient or nearly so, then can shipping of black cherries be considered as feasible from this valley. In some seasons of little rainfall, shipping fresh cherries will be successful, but in many . others it is very doubtful. - Districts east of the mountains and in other drier climates do not have the menace of brown rot. When they have crops they can ship black cherries without fear of loss in transit and so are not handicapped by this possibility. The prices received by these dis tricts for black cherries cause Willamette valley growers to look with longing eyes on this trade, but with present day conditions, it would seem the safe conserv ative practice to stay away from future plantings of black cherries for fresh shipping. There -is a considerable acreage of black cher ries now in Willamette valley., and until it has been demonstrated over a period of years, that ship ping of black- cherries is snccess-. ful. more plantings would seem in-V ddvisabie. , .. - Iloyai Ann Standby That leaves the sweet cherry in dustry in the Willamctto valley confined maiuly to the Royal Ann. While the prices for that variety do not compare favorably with, those received for black cherries shipped fresh, yet growers of Royal Anns who are obtaining a good crop are by no means going broke. Their returns may seem small in comparison-, to some ' others,, but still they are making, good profits. With the large num ber of, tanneries there is assured a market. . . Sour cherries are a more recent development for this valley and at present are paying well. A few years ago there was a demand for these cherries and it was urged that large plantings be made. $iow me eannerymen are holding up their hands in a helpless attitude at the prospect of the crop inthe future. DOWN TO DATE . With coudltions as they arc uo" the market for the sour cherry is confined to the west coasts 'As S.. soon as freight rates increase f ron the east so that brlces for canned fruit are equal to that of the east- era supply, there is little use of trying to compete with 4he enor mous production of the east. It is for this- section a limited market ' only.j il-; j .. - -t""f."Lf So in reality there are two lines of activities . for cherries. The Royal Ann'for, canning is a fairly safe project with returns equal or superior to many other fruits. The sour cherry is good only for limit ed qnantitiesr The black cherry is a very uncertain problem as yet. " The cherry maggot. Which is gradually spreading with tbe later back cherries, is bound to be a factor. These are subject to cbn trol by spraying. It is pretty generally, concluded by growers that pollination is necessary and nearly; all now plantings going out are being pro vided with pollenizers. This should obviate seme of theJosses incurred . by owners of many of the older plantings.;.,,-, j.....; ;.-' j-. ; . ; . Another source of heavy loss in the past has been from cherry gummosis which girdled and kill ed many: of the trees; By using . Mazzard seedlings :fof the trunk and scaffold limbs, the growers . are , now insuring j themselves against total losses of; trees. From a study of returns recoiv- ' cd by some growers, lit jis shown that - where cherry orchards are well ; located as to good! soil, air t and water drainage, and: prodded , with proper ' pollination,! growin?.. of canning cherries Is! a very suit- able form of frpit growing. -- j : ' : , C. E. SOHirSTEK. CorvaUis, Ore.. Dec. 22, 1925. -I (The reader, will .note that th article written . for jthe Slogan . (Ciauaua a rut XL