' ; - i- .......... ,-. . - ; . . .
SALEM
Thci Statesman will publish arid
award a prize each week for the
best essay, submitted by a grade
school pupil on the industries
scheduled on this page.
HI
5
- The Sweet Cherries Must Have Pollcnizers, and There Is a
Long and Patient Search for the Best Varieties to Be
J Used,' Havinq a Bearing Upon Pickinq and Marketing
"".Problems There Is a Possibility That Too Many
Bings and Lamberts May Be Put Out, Especially in
Poor Locations arid With Indifferent Attention.
tjTor the purpose of eheckining a few years ago wm foened
lii'espei
JJ worth
ecially by new growers, it;
while to print below what
Ih-of. C. E. Schuster of the Oregon
Agricultural college, wrote for the
aihnual cherry Slogan number of
The Statesman a year ago, as fol
lows:) -r
' At -the time ' that Lewellyn
"brought his stork of nursery trees
across the plains there could hare
been 1'ttle conception af the role
the sweet cherry was to play in
the..futut"8 development- of the
1'aclf ic coast. With tbe Royal
Aon or Napoleon came other let
ter varieties, and f r"6nt these have
developed the Bins and Lambert
Th'.CBingr. Lambert, and Royal
Ana make up a noble triumvirate .
ot- varieties.: Their quality a nd ,
excellence is so high that they J
have rated as first class cherries j
ant tno acme-of. ewellence ; for ,
thjs fruit.
, The IMvldlnjc Line m . . .
There seems to be a pretty, defi
nite dividing line as to tha uses
of- these varieties. The Royal
Ann, although shipped, in--part.
fifld3 Itrgreatebt use in the can-;'r;;" w"n qu-' "V-
nry trade. ' In the pasf except 1 Whenever a rort received
in a few places, it' has been a that there 1 r-stcrile tree
Ntter money-maker than tno bearing from pollination of its
other ol varieties. Lately with ,"WB P"n- we fnvost,Ra,c in thc
- .i.innn,.nt .r ju..tr rcil'ope thaf we can legate a tree
. r . .. ....... .
rertor pacnees ana oeiier nna-
l:ng'.nethods, the shipping Indus-!
trvVhas expanded rapidly.-and the'
bla'fk cherries, like, the Ulng and
Lambert, are receiving much at-!
tetftlon..
Warning on loor Location ."!
ifXe prices for black cherries
shipped east have stimulated con
siderable interest in the Ring -and
Lambert,, and we will undoubted
ly,ind many plantings going out
onpoor locations In this state.
In the Willamette f alley shipping
cherries were profitable this year,
but due to an unusually dry year
in which there was little develop
ment of Jjrown rot. During ordi
narir season, brown rot will be
Hi'lmenace, and always very dif
ficsft to . control in ,ihis section.
Fo. thatHason the planting of
blatk cherries . should t-on.sl-dered
as'ver doubtruf'untH bet
Ht met bod s of con trotiiaVe been
put into erfect for the htown rot.
;'l"perinietiog onSlfarkH
Thc black cherry has ncjer been
xftessfully canned over a period
of y&Ti--Experimental' work Is
under way at. the present time to
determine rpally Fucccssful meth
ods for canning these cherries.
ua.Jf these.are:wrked oiitj then
w may find nnd added market
for this kind or'cherry. On the
whole, it would seeni. that the
platttings In the Willamette valley
ha better be mostly eontiped, to
tbo canniug eherrles.t which mill
Imi jthe Royal Anns. -
, Avoid Seconilury Varieties
ieny little Is don in Oregon
'ilfi the secondary varieties. Ex-
cent in a "mail way the growing
ofjtcarly Tarietles. like the Black
Ta rtarian. has not been undertak
en '""successfully. Early che'rr'es
i from - this section complete with
th mid-season and late varieties
.of California, districts. Such
, cherries re go wmuch. better than
tl;Black Tartarian or similar
va.ietjw jjhame latter have no
chance" on the market. These
eaIy rherries are only of use in
a limited -iyV find 4 few gnyw
i t. handling, the early cherries
bucccssfully. but' these ra for only
s very local shipments and , very
i loial tra'de. aJid cannot be consl
i rtered in the shipping industry to
; anjcieTtent. . -
Thn pherry fruit fly Is making
Ita appearance in different- parts
; nLibe state, and It will be but a
ehort time until it will bo In all
f?erf iona. However, this can "be
, esaily controlled, althongU it adds
another burden to the cherry
)
" PoUtnatlon Problems ' ?
Due to the excellence In quality
of-lbe Bing.; Hoyal Ann, and Lam-
,bfrj. and alioto the development
iot the canning and Bhlpnlnr in
dustry, .the attention In t&e niaat -
THE OREGON STATESMAN, SALEM, OREGON
-
S
entirely on theset hrc varieties.
When these extensive plantings
were supposed to come Into near
ing. the crops, in many .cases
were very light. Some-orchards
would Have good crops annually,
while other orchards would regu
larly produce, very small crops,
with an occasional heavy, crop.
Early investigations by the ex
periment station disclosed the fact
that sweet cherries were self
sterile. In those orchards pro
ducing heavy crops annually were
to be Tound secondary varieties
planted jwith the Bins. Lambert,
and Royal Ann.
The statement that the cherries
are self-sterile and need eross'pol-
Iination is orten questioned by
growers as they watch some trees
behave. However, we have yet
to locate a tree that is bearing
and is absolutely Isolated from
any other form of cherry. Tales
of such trees now and then reach
our ears, but none of these tales
have yet been verified. Our fon
dest dreams is to locate such a
I . - ; . i , . . : .
'that ilf"i
that does not need cross pollina
tion. - " . ; .'
Swtvt Hierries Self-Sterile
Such findincs. if confined to the
LEM
ohm of mm
state of Oregon alone, might be4 attempt to find a superior variety
looked upon with more or less j for cross pollination, or varieties
skepticism if that condition held) that were superior from the com-,
only in Oregon. California has4 mercial standpoint. The locating
been working on the question ot jof' the ideal variety is a problem
cherry pollination for a good
many years, and reports the same
results ns found in Oregon. Kng. -
land and Sweden have conducted I
extensive investigations, and their '
resnlta check with those of Amer
ica: namely, that the sweet cherry
is self-sterife. and in many cases
more "or less inter-sterile, depend
ing upon varieties. Holland and
France report all experiments with
the same results.
Incidentally it might be noted
here that'Orrgon, England Swed
en. " and France report the Kouf
fhferry ro.be! self-Vtcrile, partially
self-sterile, or entirely self-sterile,
Vtepending-upon the variety;that
is. some varieties will need cro'ss
pollination while -other varieties
are effective when planted alone.
It Is a known fact that in-certain
years the low producing or
chards vlth very few pollcnizers
will otten prodoc goodj:crops.
This, occurred in 1924.- As a rule
these, crops occur during those
prevail during the1 blooming sea-f-
son. During warm weather the
insects; fly much more, so that
the natural distributing agents of
pollen are present in rrfnch larger
quantities and cover a much larger
territory. In other word, during
j tae cold "oasons the flowers ad
the season ""-ere"-abletO"" product
fruit, but the Inseeis- did n
distribute the pollen to the flow
er: also from ejmerimental data
it is shown tbtj-tj'wer3 un
der natural condition ' are ef
fective and ,capabbt',pridbeing
fruit at any limeC" previAed the
pollen is placed'thre " i
Hunting the Pollenizer
.--In the year of this pollination
work of the sweet jcherry, yatrje
tles like the Ixng-8teintned Water
house, Black Republicans. : Black
Tartarian, Governor -'Wood,? 'Elf on
and Pn with others xram ra-
commended as, pollenisers for 'tkn5',111 catl b? uscd
Royal Ann. Bing. and Lambert.
From an experiments standpoint,
these worked ? well, yet f rotp t
practical standpoinii Jn the f iei.
they might" or inlghf 'not 'be
satisfactory,, VWhen the work was
taken up again in LJ22. the isamo
results were . obtainedCertaln
varieties would be excellent in the
experimental work, yet varieties
ef the same same might or might
not be " snccesisful tat boT; field.
Black Republican... for tmjtaJico,
might give good result3, or ithey
m58
m!gh( not. ' '
... -
. ... ..... . , .
Dl S
THE DAILY STATESMAN dedicates one full page
each week in the interests of one of the fifty-twd basic
industries of the Salem district. Letters and articles
from jbpjcisters are solicited. This is your page! j I Help
boost Salem.
This- led to a study of field con
ditions, where it was found that
no one knew exactly wha was a
Long-Stemmed Waterbouse or
exactly what was any other varie
ty, especially the secondary varie
ties. From five to six types of
most of these varieties', were to
be found ;yil readily di.si iriguisli
rd. No one knows how many more
there are that are tt'most or prac
tically identical to the main vari
ety. Thc sweet cherry produces
seedlings of very high merit, and
it is a comparatively easy problem
to duplicate the secondary varie
ty. A Pat ion j Search
In the past a 'nurseryman could
propagate any tree, of the desired
type without damase to eiiy Vine.
Without being exactly true 1 to
name, it did no narticular damage
to any one. It has almost come'
to the. place where a variety name'
should be organ ized not as a
variety name but as a type name.
'Hue to the misun in nomenclature
of the cherry, the work in 192 1
on the pollinat'on of the cherry
was changed somewhat. If we
were not able to recommend un
reservedly all. the varieties that
proved successful in our work, we
could 'do another thing for the
grower we could certify as to
the individual or to the single
tree. This was undertaken with
two view in mind: first to
provide scion wood for touworking j
me old nonproducing orcnards ot
the state: second, provide propa
gating wood for nurseries so that
yonnK trees could be put out with
a certified pedigree showing taht
the parent trees would cross pol
linate with each other. In other
words, this wa.s another phase of
pedigreed nursery stock.-
Mr this purpose trees were
located of the Ring. Lambert, and
Royal Ann varieties, and definitely
located by charts. Then the pol
Jenizers were selected and located
in the same way. The pollcnizers
in practically all cases were
selected from the heaviest learing
orihards of the district! The aim
were sure would be good for cross
pollination. .We-made byt little
for the future.
With the heavy
on in the state
plantings goinj
at the present .time and the loss
of income from nonproducing
orchards, it was felt that the cer-
tiffcation of the material that was
very sure to work and produce n
crop on the .commercial varieties
would be of greater importance
than to work over a lone period
of time in the future to find the
ideal combinations.
As it is now, there are at The
Dalies, . Oregon
mcertaln .niitrla .jjfcja-oietle discovered a fc;
id mack nimrn1
trces. like the
and Norma, which seem to "be" Very
true to typo aCd,.trees fj"pk
diocks nave given successful Jests
In our exDerimentnl work.i.uAtifffi
earns -time these- lmTiautirjTltm0ii4k'a?!
or groups or trees nave set neavy
crops on the commercial varieties.
This material will be especially
valuable in ' top-working older
orchards, where a large amounfbf
material is available. At the same
time we have numbers of Royal
Ann, Ding, and Lambert of Royal
Ann, Bing. and Lambert trees
with accompanying pollenizers
where the Individual trees are loc
ated so that ;' propagating Mood
should . be available to nurseries i
for: making combinations of varie
ties necessary for successful pro
duct Ion. This same work will be
carried on in at least one place in
the Willamette valley the coming
season. ' V
The Black RepuSIican was used
in, large quantities because! it is
a variety commonly found in The
Dalles district.; and, $10 Wanse
It is a variety of :!roWiderable
valne for that distrfct. For many
other districts it is pf no parti
cular value unless It cap be ship
ped. " ' I -
The Norma- is a variety appar
ently true to type, as it was propa
gated at one time from a single
Uree and has a fair value as an
in
a limited way for the earl v mar
ket. The Long-Stemmed Water
house a&ed at The Dallas in pirt
came originally from Mr. Fergu
son's place near Saiem, This Is
a. larger fruited variety of the
Waterhouse, and did. fairly good
work in cross pollination.' Several
types of the' Centennial" were also
successful, but this variety has
been found laore prevalent and
more successful east, of the Cas
cade mountains 'than' in 'the Wil
lamette valley. ; 'Other ladividual
j - ' - . , .
nn
jm cor
SIXTH CONSECUTIVE YEAR
THIS WEEK'S SLOGAN
DID YOU KNOW that Salem is thc "Cherry City of the
World," and that she is entitled to this proud distinction
by reason of the fact that she is the marketing place and
headquarters of the best cherry country known with a
cherry industry already large but capable of indefinite
expansion; that, with the proper pollenizer and with
bees to carry the pollen, cherries in the Salem district are
a sure crop; that they are a profitable crop, the industry
inviting men of brains and brawn from the wide world;
and thai in sweet cherries this district has what amounts
to a f ranchiseV the only fly in the ointment being the
lack oC proper tariff protection, which there is a fight to
have granted by; congress? .
Dates of Slogans in Daily Statesman
' (In Twice-a-Week Statesman Following Day) "
(With a few possible changes)
Loganberries, October 1
Prune. October 8
ltaiijing, October 15
n, October 22
PilberLs October !
Walnut. November 5
Strawberries, November Y&
Apples, November JO
Raspberries, November 20
Mint,' PecemVKTT 3
Beans, Ktc, IVTember lO
Blackberries, FJeceniber 17 -Cherries,
December -4
Pears, December lit
Cioosberries, January 7, 102.
Corn, January 14
CeleYy, January 21
Spinach, ltc, January 28
Onions, Etc., February 4
Potatoes, Ktc.,' February 11
Bees, February 18
Poultry and Pet Stock, Feb. 25
City Beautiful. Etc., March 4
;rjcwt Cows, March II
Paved Highway!, March 18,
Head lettuce, March 2-5
KltM Kiii, Aprt 1 i i
liegume. April 8
Asparagus i:tc, April 15
irnes, KU"., A prll 22
Drug Garden. April 20
THE UNIQUE LIFE STORY OF THE
The Rascal Lives Out of Sight for Ten Out of the Twelve
Months of Its Life Cycle, But for a Short Part of thc
Two Months IMs Voracious and Fairly Easy of De
struction by Proper Vigilance
BY C. J. McINTOSH.'OAC.
When cherry growers- in. some
of the favore.i districts of tjie Wil-
ta
to"
ha Ye til e appearance of trying
jqntrm toff htU&k they wece
U." ifBJ isiT:' "On
recover in g"'fToiu"tfIe -su rpr ise They
went to. work toTearn 'what the
newp lague might mean.JAnd,'ar-,
gely in cooperation with rep
resentatives of the Oregon Agri
cultural college experiment station
enfmologists, uncovered the
unique story of the cherry fruit
fly somewhat as follows:
The adult fly, which appears
suddenly . in the cherry orchards
at about the time the Rovat Ann
cherries areJ beginning to color up.
U a small fly, two-thirds the size
of the common . housefly -with
banded wings and abdomen , and
striped . thorax. The bands are
black, those on the wings having
somewhat the effect of pictures.
Those on the. abdomen a&e quite
regular, while those on the white
spot atop the thorax arc very nar
row and inconspicuous.
When it first appwra'aboVt the
cherry trees and ether trees' and
plants that produce globules o
sweet on the foliage, this fly deems
to have nothing in particular toj
do further than flit about on glad
wing while bathing in . sunshine,
feasting on foliage sweets' and
other and Imore solid foods. anda
enjoying its season of mating.
Then Jn 10 days to twp weeks the
females beg'a to seek out the fast
coloring fruit of the sweet chen-v
nrnrsriiMv tm Ti.,1. .t
. v ........ mi. tqtC J'UAt!
and
the Lambert though not averse to
the Royal Ann and the PU13. or
even, seedlings atid ao-we?t;eher
rles -and to jinnch tiny, holesln
the skin for depositing hejrfgs.
As the eggs are very small and
SEND CTPY EAST
Sngnr Beets, Sorghum, Etc.,
7Jay G '
AVnter Power, May 13
Irrigation, 31 ay -O
Mining. May S7
Land, Irrigation, Etc., Jnue 3
Floriculture, Juno lO - ,
Hop. Cabbage, Ktc, June 17
Wholesaling and Jobbing,
June 24
encumbers. Etc., July 1
ilogs, July 8
Goat, July 15
Schools, Ltc, July 23
Sheep. July 20
Xational Advertising, August 5
Heeds, Etc., August 13
Livestock, August 10
Grain and Grain Products, Aug
ust HO
Manufacturing, September 3
Automotive Industries, Septcm-
lier 0 .
Woodworking, Etc., September
r 1
Paper Mills, September 2:1
i (IiacTt copies of the Thurs
Jtiy'edition, ot The Daily Ore- -Won
Statesman are ci. nand.
They are fr oaie at 10 cents
each, bailed to any address.
current copies 5 cents).
the puncture no more than the
prick of a pin point, no evidencf
of the attack is doseerninle until
the eggs have batched into tin
rmaKget that begin at-once to feed
Oil- rtfittnir pulivto t n n nef
through it, and; to piake, rapid'
growUr" thereby"
Voo iWuvigrOO A
.
vr.tCTiy&fcy
mark tin the rnfertod fruit, whichl"
goes into early maturity and de-.-cay-.
. .The sid'eo? the fruit most
severely riddled turns brownish
aud sinks away, and the content
of the cherry skins indicates by
unpleasant odors as well as by
appearances that all is not well.
It is of course everlastingly too
late to salvage any of the fruit
thus affected.
When the presence of the pest
was unknown the fruit was-picked
a- usual and either used or marketed,-
It was. the latter that
called' attention to the seriousness
of the pest and eventually stimu
lated investigations that .brought
out the leading facts in connec
tion, with the pest and Us habits.
(In late ripening fruits the maggots
were able to mature undisturbed,
upon which. .they gnawed their way
to the outde of the cherry, and
letting all holds go, dropped to the
ground. This was usually abont
tbe end of July as well as the end
of the attack for that year. For
tpe worm grown old and fallen
even as the sere and yellow leaf,
at bn-. whib strength remained,
turned all its energies into bur
rowing Into, the earth for a few
inches at 'most, i '
And there the worm ended hia
awa worm stage by transforming
Into a small reddish brown pupa
lhich condition it remained, if
undisturbed by cultivation of the
ground or by forage of fowl or
bird, until the bright days of sun
ny June, when again it emerged
as an adult, to fly to eatand to
: f TIIURSTiAP MORNTNG,?DECEMBER 24, 1925
loaf in the sunshine and to make
love and mate for a new orgy of
egg laying.
A Dread Enemy
It was thus found that this fly.
close relative to the dread Medl-
irrranian iruu tiy, passes some
ten months of his annual life un
der ground, and most of lhe other
months hidden under the skin of
the cherry either as an egg or a
worm. In fact the only time and
chance the growers have to get at.
the pest is the brief two weeks? of
of eating, mating and eg- laving.
If they do not get it then they
have scant chance ever to get It
at all.
It happens that the fly is rather
voracious on the occasion of its
first appearance in public, eating
and lapping u snlids and sweets
on the foljage of the trees it visits.
By adding a little poison to this
food and drink, the grower found
that he is able to kill it off in
large measure and greatly di
minish the extent of damage to
his cherry crop. The poison bait
recommended by the experiment
station and practised with good
effect by numerous growers, is as
follows:
Lead arsenate a half pound;
molasses or syrup never honey
2 quarts; water, 10 gallons.
Three applications are recom
mended and found best In practice.
The first when fjfte fruit fly first
appears, usually about the time
the Royal Anns begin to show
good color, June 5 to 15, the sec
ond ton days later and the third
one week after the second. Two
applications may prove enough if
timed well and rains do not wash
off the bait. Rains may even
wash off the bait so seriously as
to make another application neces
sary. It is generally best to make
in application to close by trees of
prune or. other varieties that seem
to attract the fly. If this is done,
ind if infestation oeft not result
from flies from neighboring orchard-",
inrc-tation is usually
arreatly loosened. sometimes en
tirely prevented.
Not a great deal of the poison
is needed, a pint to a quart being J
imple lor average to larjre trees.
The flies are very active and flit
ibout the upper surface of the
leaves lapping up the sweets, so
the application id best made in
?inall droplets to the upper surface
jf the outer leaves.
Cultivation of the soil about the
roots of the trees, epecialy shal
low plowing that turns up the soil
some two or three inches deep
where the chic.kens and birds may
scratch outt he pupae and devour
them, helps in control.
BOB. PRIES
V
Place With a
' r; :. J Dno.i4.
I mc vigvt iii tnu uoauir
; : ful Waldo Hills
I). J. Miller was one of the men
asked to write something for this
annual cherry. Slogan number of
The Statesman. .
Mr. Miller met the Slogan man
and said he was tob busy to write,
but he gave the information that
he has 11 acres of cherries," Iloyal
Anns and Lamberts. lie has also
11 acres of prunes and 15 acres
of walnuts.
Mr. Miller's place Is a mile east
of Macieay aid is "just over the
fence froni ,th22Tacre Lambert
cherry orchard that is being set
out by Salem paties.
Mr. I trier says he gets a ton
and a half to two tons to the acre
of chertjjeftroin his mature tree,
in ordina'r yjeTs.
He surely nas a magnificent
place, with a. luagnificent view,
and the Slogan ' editor predicts
that, when-alt his fruit and nut
trees are in full bearing, lie will
be "sitting' on "f he world."
UOLF TOtT.XKl I'.NDEli WAY
SEATTLE, Dec, 22. Checking
up today showed the. Pacific north
west contributing 1 5 players for
a. JlO.Owu open golf tournament
at Los Angeles January 84and 9.
The players , are. genorally expect
ed to contest in .other meets
while in the south,, whither aonie
of them, had already gone. :
FIVE HLUT IN WHECK
. TAIUS, Dec. i 22.(By j Asso
ciated Press.) -Five persona were
Injured. one of 'them - eertously
when the Basil-Paris express was
derailed .today at N61sy-Le-8ec, In
the-departmeht of the Seine.
iraiih si Rn
IW, III Ibl I W I w IlliWW
For instance:' Salem district has.
two counties growing the sacred
myrtle the only place it grows on
this continent. What unique fact
do you know about the district?
Address articles to Slogan Editor,
care Statesman.
w LLflMETTE VALLEY
None Better Can Be Produced Any Place In the World,
Says Prof. Schuster For the General Commercial
Cherry Grower, for This Valley, the Royal Ann Is the
Standby Growing of, Such Canning Cherries a Very
Suitable Form of Fruit Growing
Editor Statesman:
Sweet cherries are at home in
the Willamette valley, being close
ly associated with the development
of horticulture in this section
from the beginning. When Lewel
lyn brought his stock of nursery
trees across the plains a few sweet
cherries were - included. From
that small beginning has come a
great industry, for many of the
commercial' varieties, headed by
.the Bing and Lambert, were de
veloped here. Seemingly the home
for sweet cherries, this territory
has seen new and better cherries
produced until now NONE BET
TER CAT BE PRODUCED auy
place in the world.
While the quality as to size,
color 'and flavor is satisfactory
with most varieties a dirficulfy
confronts cherry growers from the
natural climatic conditions that
may affect the fruit after it is
mature. This difficulty is the
danger of rains and wet weather
about the time the fruit is ripen
ing. This may cause the fruit to
crack open or else brown rot and
molds may develop.
With the danger of rains split
ting the-fruit? a cherry' grower al
ways is in a hurry to pick , the
fruit. This green fruit is particu
larly noticeable in canned cher
ries, like the Royal Ann. While
the quality of the pack is lowered
by this kind of fruit, the grower
cannot" be blanied for picking the
rruit if it can be; sold.
Whilo the grower plays safe by
picking the fruit early in some
season, in others he loses decid
edly, for studies have shown that
the cherry makes a decided In
crease in size just before full
maturity. Cherries picked as they
had attained a maturity that gave
good quality Bad gained from 22.2
to 26.3 per cent in weight over
the cherries that were picked at
the time many growers were rush
ing their cherries to the canneries.
My this earliness of picking, they
were losing approximately 23 per
cent Of the tonnage they might
have.received. Of course In some
years they may lose much more
than that if left loncer- on the
t ree, o It 4s tt question 'whether
to wait and run a chance of ob
taining, better- quality and more
weight weight or picking early and
being sure of a red need "tonnage
of lower quality-fruit, 1 :
Black for Shipping Early
This r same danger of cracking
is present also in the black cher
ries, but with the added danger
of brown rot when shipping them
fresh. I As yet "' no satisfactory
method has been devised whereby
these chfcrires can be successfully
canned, so if they are to be mar
keted, they must be shipped. j
Tn shipping fresh cherries from
this section, brown rot Is an al
ways present menace. The fre
quent rains and the general humid
conditions are! conductive to the
presence of a great number of
spores which ;are ready for infec
tion of the fruit as soon as con
ditions, ace right. Added to the
humid condition of this country
being. idqal for the development of
brown 1 rot, , are the humid condi
tions pf the refrigeratr car. While
the cool temperatures ef the car
may., retard . the development of
brown rot to a eertain extent, this
trouble will work fat- when the
cool fruit is exposed to warm at
mosphere and the fruit begins to
sweat.- I'; '; - .'-!;
Theoretically, it is possible to
spray for .brown rot and hold . It
in control: It is on the same
bafis as spraying for codling moth
orjpcab in appe. If everything
is done at the proper timo. iu the
proper way and with proper ma
terials, worms and scab- can lie
practically eliminated, in apples.
However, the experience of com
mercial growers has not shown it
to le possible; in all years. ' If the
satue percentage of brown rot in
chcrrfea develops aa does worms
and-' fecaD "In apples, It Is doubtful
if shipping cherries is practical.
The pcabby end woxmy apple can
be picked, out, hut the.. infected
loo
E
cherry goes in and with its decay
is bound to Infect other sound
fruit In the same, box." When It Is
demonstrated that spraying for
brown rot is 100 per cent efficient
or nearly so, then can shipping of
black cherries be considered as
feasible from this valley. In some
seasons of little rainfall, shipping
fresh cherries will be successful,
but in many . others it is very
doubtful. -
Districts east of the mountains
and in other drier climates do not
have the menace of brown rot.
When they have crops they can
ship black cherries without fear
of loss in transit and so are not
handicapped by this possibility.
The prices received by these dis
tricts for black cherries cause
Willamette valley growers to look
with longing eyes on this trade,
but with present day conditions,
it would seem the safe conserv
ative practice to stay away from
future plantings of black cherries
for fresh shipping. There -is a
considerable acreage of black cher
ries now in Willamette valley., and
until it has been demonstrated
over a period of years, that ship
ping of black- cherries is snccess-.
ful. more plantings would seem in-V
ddvisabie. , .. -
Iloyai Ann Standby
That leaves the sweet cherry in
dustry in the Willamctto valley
confined maiuly to the Royal Ann.
While the prices for that variety
do not compare favorably with,
those received for black cherries
shipped fresh, yet growers of
Royal Anns who are obtaining a
good crop are by no means going
broke. Their returns may seem
small in comparison-, to some '
others,, but still they are making,
good profits. With the large num
ber of, tanneries there is assured
a market. . .
Sour cherries are a more recent
development for this valley and
at present are paying well. A few
years ago there was a demand for
these cherries and it was urged
that large plantings be made. $iow
me eannerymen are holding up
their hands in a helpless attitude
at the prospect of the crop inthe
future.
DOWN TO DATE
. With coudltions as they arc uo"
the market for the sour cherry
is confined to the west coasts 'As S..
soon as freight rates increase f ron
the east so that brlces for canned
fruit are equal to that of the east-
era supply, there is little use of
trying to compete with 4he enor
mous production of the east. It
is for this- section a limited market '
only.j il-; j .. - -t""f."Lf
So in reality there are two lines
of activities . for cherries. The
Royal Ann'for, canning is a fairly
safe project with returns equal or
superior to many other fruits. The
sour cherry is good only for limit
ed qnantitiesr The black cherry is
a very uncertain problem as yet. "
The cherry maggot. Which is
gradually spreading with tbe later
back cherries, is bound to be a
factor. These are subject to cbn
trol by spraying.
It is pretty generally, concluded
by growers that pollination is
necessary and nearly; all now
plantings going out are being pro
vided with pollenizers. This should
obviate seme of theJosses incurred .
by owners of many of the older
plantings.;.,,-, j.....; ;.-' j-. ; . ;
. Another source of heavy loss in
the past has been from cherry
gummosis which girdled and kill
ed many: of the trees; By using .
Mazzard seedlings :fof the trunk
and scaffold limbs, the growers .
are , now insuring j themselves
against total losses of; trees.
From a study of returns recoiv- '
cd by some growers, lit jis shown
that - where cherry orchards are
well ; located as to good! soil, air t
and water drainage, and: prodded ,
with proper ' pollination,! growin?..
of canning cherries Is! a very suit-
able form of frpit growing. --
j : ' : , C. E. SOHirSTEK.
CorvaUis, Ore.. Dec. 22, 1925.
-I (The reader, will .note that th
article written . for jthe Slogan .
(Ciauaua a rut
XL