The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980, January 01, 1920, Image 9

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The Oregon statesman., January 01, 1920, Page 9, Image 9

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Newspaper Page TextSalem Is the Skerry My of the W wld, and That' ff iti : ana flsrig inter me SWEET POLLENIZATION OH THE CHERRY fori from consumers standpoint The Royal Anne, Bing and Lam-, bert herries need the agency of some other, variety of cherry to en able them to bear a crop: i " This was not known ten years ago. ,! J ' , At that time" there were no large commercial bearing cherry Orchards in ,1 Western Oregon, There were thor.sands of cherry trees in ibearlng at.that time, but these were Id back yard lots or In family orchards. These trees were heavy bearers and profitable.- ' On the face of the re-, suits of these family orchards trees, orchards " of cherrijs 'i were It ft aa riAclrahta - rhtTTT Ku DAiil A vi n te Waterhouse probably original the vicinity of Salem- - . "lie orchard in which It grew a hjavy yielder and cions were -en from this orchard as IT fUn stole for nursery trees- ehds (set out which nsed .trees froi this nursery have been new ylelers, while orchard i usijg trees from other we not heavy yieldera.-1 no J that the reason was the ater hoe to be round iiu"""'..; amount of pollen will be available ior pouenuauon ' purposes. ' The third season after the graft ing there will be some effect and the fourth year a heavy crop should be harvested from, the trees jsurroundr ingr thpollenizers, : :.' -. No aeif-iterUe Vaffcrfy should be at a gf eater distance than "seVenty frve feet from the nollenizer. The greater- the distance from the pol lenlzer, the smaller the set of fruit will result on the self-sterile, varie ties. . ' Needless to say, bees should be a part or every orchard. Enough bees should be provided to to pollenise the whol rVl chardVO a few hours time. for. dnrJ lag ramyy.prlBgs. there may not be ?til hours ' weather that tne bees jean work in A !l!n& Mve "houl Provided for every three or four acres of cher ries. - v, ... i n!?. does not carry cherry bee to do this work, v The best cherry insurance is an abundance' of fertile Poiien- and an abundance of bees to rarrV t,t. -i len to the sterile Cherry blossoms. HARRY L. PEARCY. ACTUAL EXPERIENCES OF CHERRY .J GROWERS WHAT A WOMAN LEFT A WIDOW WITH A CHERRY ORCHARD ON HER HANDS HAS DONE ' Ticker Made A Hollar , Mallow? Editor Statesman: ' k V In reply to r letter of the 26th will give You a ib ered from my experience lUthe cul ture of cherries. !' ', We have several aires ef Royal Anne cherries, a few! Bings and tamberts and a few Black Republi cans. . t : The Black Repunucans re pmaieu i Key. are Having been asked to tejl some- a - --- - . tiofed orchard was a P"e"2fll4rV.;.thing about my experience with cber- Wa responsible for the ries. I will endeavor W do so. hop- . - ' BtrAtlCvSrl Inr -stav AvnorlanA mav. r1vn ftfm0 plated irrom -SS? SS .tlSJoir-tS A" Sto VitaSS I was the ago. In all cases, not over three age. wUl confidence to handle her business ou&r the Royal Anne-; In 1U problems under seeming difficulties. niKJuwu", In pkruarv. iy. Air. lnoxnaa varieties were Ordered from the nurs erymen, these, inree --variei- oeint the, Bing, Lambert and Royal Ann. In mot cases some other ; yarieries were unintentionally mixed with the three above-mentioned varieties, the result of which will be mentioned - When these orchards had reach ed -the bearing age, it was found that they were not bearing! enough of a crop to pay tor the picking. This apparently phenomenal con dition, considering- the fact that the family orchard cherry tree were bearing large crops and the large commercial orchard, were not, led to an-intestlgation by the O. A. C to determine the eause and therefore netrpst a remedy. v - 1 work carried on by Professor Gardner. In this connectlonJ is co-n- mpndable. It was while trying to develop a hybrid cherry tree that wotiid be a "Pavy bearer,' that it was discovered that the Blng, Lambert, and Royal Intr-sterlle; that Is to say, that they woHld not set their own rruit or ine fruit of other mentioned varieties-'; ThU. then, furnished the reascn why the large orchards planted r to the- above-mentioned varietlet were non-prod active. - . - - Afier the discovery there remained but one thing to do. ' I " 1 That step In the experlmient was -to find the variety or rarletlaa that were renponslble for the large e of fr;it on- the trees of the; family orchards. The Black RepaMJcan was foued in most of these family or chards and was found to be Inter f ertr.e.that , Is, a good pollenUer. Othi-r varieties, such as the.Governor Wool. Tartarian. Coe. Elton andcer tain oeedllnga, were also found to be good pollenlzersr While these vari eties .were fairly good as pollenlzers. they hid their drawbacks. , They were not first class marketable cher Tles. While we -should 'be liatUfied to, get a cherry that would poUenite the commercial varieties. ey-l t it was not a variety Vof commercial im portance, still by finding a variety that was a good pollenlzeit and at the - same . time a good aeuer, rwe would be that much ahead. This variety was found i la the Lone-stemmed Waterhouse. K This variety can be trHly called the "Life Saver" of the cherry. It-! duntry. - , In the early seventies; a seedlin; of the Royal Anne' growing on the grounds of - Judge Waterhouse, at Monmouth, bore cherries. j ; 'As .lt seemed -to be a desirable va riety, it was propagated and nam 3d Waterhouse. Some, of our best authorities-and cberrf growers claim that this Is not the Waterhouse that is known for its pollenizlng value. It , has no value s a polteniier and is mentioned, here only as a matter ct information. ' j . The Waterhouse that is of value as 4 pollen izer, i designated as the Long Stemmed; Waterhouse. Pre sumably it was so named because If its similarity' to the Waterhouse. (Fu ture reference to the Waterhouse re fers to the Lone Stemmed Water- house enlyL This Waterhouse, by way of identification, has i a larger pit than the Royal Anne. Is! softer of flesh,1 is somewhat pointed, and slightly.- smaller in most cases. It is impossible to distinguish it and the Royal Anne when , canned, ex cept by the slightly" larger pl, there- brdght as much per pouna punted a llttie less tnan six acres Roil Anne. In years previous -to iand to 8eedling cherries. Six weeks lsf, it sold for less than the Roy1 iater he died, leaving the care of this Anl.' It should s 'or as mucn. property to me. Acting entirely -XMt I hanllol BraDerlT. l t,a aHvI nf. frinHi; I da- shdld not be mixed with the Ry41 J elded to keep the orchard and en- An because it coon bp "-"' deaor to develop it lnio-someunn thai the.iauer. ine wortn wnue. i reaiBeu i theeiore, nas a morning auoui uicumu thplare mixed, for he cannof turn i . information and advice from outfa uniform -product; either neire!able orchardists and from the RoM Anne wiU be nnaercTOaeu.y i gtite agricultural college, the iVaterhouse wUi;be 0Tfgj In the-beginning my orchard had Wh delivered in ?arate : Vlsome advantages in location. soil ers the rrlM-itow-.wnu" alBO ln the pro ded, of course, that tne Jgrade of seedlin trees. These were rieAre in -Jr-iJr"alllel bf arf7 experienced nursen terb ise has the ;.fdvaaUC f w a i whQ was instructed to choose oth pollenixers - la that iVe onlY the strong, perfectly formed a hfeher price, wa neJlB'"'T; frees. The roots were pruned before andis" an excellent tPO"eo5;. . setting out, which I think Is unusual. - fle -Wto,SSBrW although what benefit that was. if bepo"enlier fr 'SZJTt t3. nr 1 not prepared to say. n14.,18 f b.ra(l USSm Up to the time the orchard-was buteflects theoplnlon of Pre8 flTe year8 oM lt as cultivated simp- Gartier. formerly of the u. a- . v mnt.fn ttt an feboft!?l5t tU ground bV .raTlowVowrnV. ha lUi r.A VTi tonr of -ne Ilrst ol Ju,y all - cultivation i VP 7 n .mAlBA.li0ww ceased. In the mean time it was jnspicuon m hp Xlmiv The pruned in the apring to keep the .fV thi EJn" trees In good shape" and sprayed with ?ltiltJml S and sulphur solution to pevent fouithe same eoidiUoni-to esau . n , , f t as i: as.m ine lara "Z'rrr The trees were allowed 7J'mXJ'alUor three years. J?TYr&iT9 cut off and they were limb-grafted in to grow years, , when the tops were iS'l'--'-1 Der waa the pioneer In thii SfttaePA that pne special feature, point ae well as a proancer ! the various rravr I tlkl with tfcfl!Kto.5Ko-:; few had never heard of it. but the idea J!fcM r.w Sfi Hi me from a Califprnia man. cherfc' to pollenize It, hut such has not froved to be the case, the War terhdise giylng excellent results. ' Wiat method of proeeednre moat we fllow to introduce the poUenier 'Xl.? oreventi vear nortS ffSfcn. coming 5 Urftohe slx orsev year lnto ren0WII ln the east for its h gh of aiv dt may be, buddi ifi.eariy QaalitT ef cherries! " VI?T" . Li vJijli-w Great quantities of -cherries are hipped east fre ln ttlf 5S the .Bids do not taw as, wen. , on T4W.nn m. m. the oiler Wees.;- r : natchee and Yakima. Washington, Trfes that art three; yearsand old- The Dalles,. Milton, and a few, other er to', be grafted with gooff results. mtnor shipping points Inv Oregon, whipbark or cleft graft bemg.useiL in the Willamette valley fresh Wqp grafts are best with-trees shipping of cherries has not been undel six years of aj e,- bark and gone into on any considerable safcle, clef t Irafts being used on the older but it is only a question . of time, trees! The whole tree ? should be with the enormous Increase in .the graftal over and In ob season; : On production In western Oregon, until large Frees a few email limbs ehould carload shipments will have to be be; let" ungrafted to care for some moved east.-' especially In the Lam- of 1 thi supply, of sap, ' and these I bert and Bing varieties, in order to shoulj be removed after the -grafts itake care oh the extra tonnage which have lfeen growing; six ot eight weeks. I will be produced as the young or- it one or xwtf vuij are trait- cnaras now .cumiug mio Hearing be- edthyivrill make very HUle growth come olderv L 1 , .v and .vfll never nava much, IrriUn In the-particular vicinity of Sa- surfad, which we are alters. lem the cherry. Industry has become Therefore. iU poUenlziig. effect lone of considerawe magnitude. THE CHERRY INDUSTRY m Thhi 6 have ld eI8bt crops off L Irit1 orcnart The first iia r SSt'Hi ??hrd waa U years ?Id 1;00 Punds; the next IVt ;L wor f cherries at about irr? eand let BOm fa fine cherries rot on the trees simply be cause I did not know It was nece "7 ko inrougn the orchard twice tkf mwt,m.es three tlme t Pth lerTlel ltt fir8t cl condK l?? r.hf ? tbe orchrd was eight H ?,d H urJ)rl8ed n by beainr seven tons of cherries. mJllJU tlme 1 wa learning to market my crop. - I did not let persuasive young buy- ndv ce t0 8, contract when they, were In the mood. , I tried as far a nnaihi of the market conditions in Califor nia and other localities that were apt lunuence ige marxet here. When It was nine years old ?t bore four and one-half tons, the following year ten tons and the next year twelve tons. The year after that, on' ac count of blight. It only bore 2700 pounds. '.'. Lst summer the orchard was. 12 years old and bore - seventeen ' and one-half tons of cherries.' - With the prevailing market price running from ten to eleven cents, and figuring about one-third the in come as the production cost; this showed a very good profit on the In vestment. - - . ,."- ... When the. orchard .-Was seven years did I quit nruninc in the anriae but as soon as the crop l off each. eason i nave an lunoa removed that have been .broken in picking and Just enough, pruning done to keep the trees In symmetrical, shape. . " I also have the gummosis treated when necessary; , J . So far I have never, used any fer tiliier ' J ' ' - This ln brief Is one woman's ex perience in growing cbrties,t (M RS.) JENNIE M., THOMAS. (Owner Royal VIeW Orchard i Salem Heights). ' a m An tw th Roval Annes. a rv hPiTT as well as a sure yield er and oroduce lots of pollen. , Ym find that the Royal i Annes bear ,... .aviAr if either the Black Republican or the lo stem Water- house are plan tea mmyus assist In polleniiatlon. rrom exper- (n.p T would advise grafting a limb every four or six trees to a long stem -u.'atrhnue: I prefer. Waterhouse to Black Republicans, as they can be picked and sold with the Royal Annes; while the Republicans are a week or so later. ' i'Yia T jmbrts and Bings are a very good commercial cherry, 'i The canneries orefer the Royal Annes. but the Lamberts and Bings, espec ially the Lamberts, are good shili plng cherries. There is a good mar ket for them in Portland.. Seattle and other large cities.. They require a litte more care In handling, but bring a better price. They are a horriior tr than the Royal fAnnes and are not so subject to gummosis. I will say rlgnrnere mat inis. ais ease is a very stubborn one to hand le and one that discouragesj many young orchard men.' When a tree is Just coming" into bearing this gum ming- becomes very oaa ana; orien girdles the tree, r This Is wby so manv trees die Just at mis time, ir a tree passes this point it has' a fair chance for its life: As yet nothing has been found that is a sure cure for this disease. As the cherry Is an early fruit. It Is Important to begin cultivation very early and quit early. They do not need such' heavy cultivation as I he prunes, apples, etc., that fruiji later. ' The roots 6f . the cherry are very near the top of the ground and hence care must be taken not to cul tivate too deep. . v . ' 4 . 1 From our1 orchard of! 8. acres ox 12-yearold trees we harvested 1, 000' pounds last 'year, for which we received 10 cents for Royal Annes. Lamberts and Binga. and. 6 . cents for mac nepyoucans. - The nrlce nald for 'oicklnr was 1 V .cents a'pound. witlJ -a one-half cent 'bonus. Some rf 1 our pickers made as mucn, as a dollar an hour. Hoping these few thoughts will be of use to you, I remain respectfully. M. M. ELLIOTT, Dallas, Or., Dec. 20, 191$.. 'gum disease, and some 'trees died when young; but after seven or eight years of age this trouble nearly dis appeared. . '- ' I believe it Is a good policy to plow once a year -pretty early iA the spring and seed to rye grass and then pasture with sheep or pigs.-- f Or I - like the straw mulch very well for cherry trees. In fact, 1 think It the best way to. care for cherry trees. . . Well, cherry production Is . all lovely now; except that tne trees do not' produce as well as they should My. trees are always are the Mazzard and Mahaleb seed- ' lings. From the orchardlst's stand point, the Mazzard is to-be prefer- - red. Some - nurserymen prefer the, ' Mahaleb because' Its grafts takJ bet-; terV ' foweer. ' there: am bat' few. nurserymen who Mise the . Mahaleb stock now." - The Mattard Is very re- sistant to cherry gummosis. The " cherry tree which we' buy from the i nursery has' mazzard. roots.- .That portion of the tree is therefore, re sistant to the gummosis.. The trunk of this tree is that of the variety that we have ordered and is not resistant to. any great extent to tne guramtsis. It is very easy for the gummosis to girdle the. trunk of a. young tree." Thaaame condition , la true. In I the main crotchea " of - this, ypung tree. It the -gummosis gets In tbe limb It will kill -only , that portion of the limb beyond ' f he ' point , of injury; whereas if it gets in the trunk it is - a Dower or blossoms, and.' while they-probably i liable' to kill the whole tree which bring $100 an acre they should eas- is-very often the case. Thero'toe; ily bring tljree times that amount. if the trunk and main branches could There . Is an occasional , mazzard be of some resistant stock, th great limb that I failed to cut off. Where- est source of danger from this div ever this happens the trees are heav- ease would be eliminated; We have ily. loaded with either Royal Anne or Lambert. . M. C. JEXKS, -Tangent, Or., Dec. 29, 1919.: . (Mr. Jenks will no. doubt read the articles of Harry L. Pearcy, Mrs. Jennie 51. Thomas, the Walnut Culti vation and Marketing association, this resistant stock An, the Mazzard seedling before mentioned. For tbe nurseryman to supply Mazzard seed lings that are grafted to the com mercial variety but grafted - above the crotches so as to lessen f the chances for gummosis Injury, I will be - a. serious problem, for bim to and others, in this Issue of The! soive. i n common practice, m m Statesman. And the ' reading - no West, is to plant l-year-old.5 treev doubt will b worth thouiand& of I which are usualy on 3-year-okl rcqU-, dollars lo him; as it will be" worth I The nnrseryman ; would be. aMf to . ia. I jm a w a m a a a. K Sr . a a& a hundreds or tbosanas or dollars, ves.l " " a,toe cjc oi. ia tun;. millions, to' thfe' fcreaf cherry crow ing section for ln ; those articles win be found ' absolutely certiin in surance against' cherry crop failure or partial; failure,' in all, ' ndrmal years. Ed.) ' ' .. ' since the commercial variety would' have to be grafted In the branches. ' The, problem Is not so seripus.for -the orchardist;. however."- His method of solution Jls to. plant the Mazza-rd' seedllur :whtp, or '1-year-old trunk. -' - . T '' At tf'l'lm -nf nlintlnr thit IrM - Mr, Van Iprn TelU How lie WonVll ,hoaM pnned as any cherry tree! - eT uut.:Aewv(nierry wrnara would oe prunea. Toe Ilrst season's Editor Statesman: ' ' 'i ; growth' should-also be-pruned ac- v... .,.t . mwA ..vi. cording ' to . the common practice. - tl wL5i i ?d o! This second season growth should to say a few words In regard to pro- . duetlon' of cherries for eotrimerclal ""f4 3SiS? purposes. ' You" will please' excuse ti?n?tEi me-for commencing at- the founds gJBr 'P T,00?.'. Uon of an orchard. My reason for hJd ctrLTtti?ti thi is becanse . a mistake In the fl"...TlQ 5ff V."AJ 'W.4--bft dOB commencement is a mistake through- T "J h.rSit .hbt b. k ur- t ih. a . r.. I The average orchardist s.hoId be If I were tomorrow. lence and making my trees my com panions, i would select a , tract, pi, if-- K. o,7rH r " e average orchardist should be .J? tc. hii . fw' nrHrd lt dd' hi. OWU gTaf Ung. ' This t?t Zi beca.usehe cherry is one bt, will bi practically aa.: In an ordinary season nnmxi- Plclfers cannot be : expected to ma" Leea re b keen avo varieties picked off one a,e? ."f? Jl"" anning tree'; sWate,. andlftwo UrIetIe9 1 a-jm. are inled In the satoe boxV th price Teceivo per pounu m oe less; - If tie whole tree Is grafted over. WILL BE PLEASED T0 FURNISH INFORMVTIO TO i ivuof evolve vnuuvi UIWIIJ , Editor Statesman: Complying with your request received this morning, "wo will say that we hare harvested two . cherry crops; our trees being ' young. ' ; . -: u -.' . ; ; -.: I .-. ., ' v ... We have supervision over more than 1000 acres planted on the high lands 'in Yamhill county,! and we have found that the Rofal 'Anns. .lilngs: and Lamberts, when properly pollenlzed, are a very profitable ctod: and the long stemmed Waterhouse seems to be the best pollenLzer for inese varieties, and la a good market able variniv lt1f ). Many of our trees yielded last year from 200 to 300 pounds per . tree: and we sold the balk of: our crop The largest tonnage of anv inri variety handled is the Royal Ann var iety.' ::.' , . a largftop WtU be formed la two or Lome tme. wiled NVpoteon, Sal- on account of 1U peculiar properties derived from a combination of soil and climate, it makes. , a superior fruit product not only for canning but also for. Maraschino, cherries and glace fruits . Last season nearijY 3000 barrels PTES OF SLOGANS IH DAIUf STATE!: (In Twice-a-Wcck SUtcsman IllovriJi2, i Loganberrips, Oct. 9. Prunes, Oct. 14V ' ' ' j 1 Dairying October 2J. Flax, October 30. : :; Filberts, Nov. . - - .1 "Walnuts, Nov, 10. Strawberries, Nov. SO. j Apples, November 27. ' Raspberries, December 4. Mint. December 11. : ) : Crr-t Cows, December :1JI. . . T"t " "r' ".December -25. . Clm 5niarrl. 1320. l'car aary 81920. -Il-vi .;!, January 15 1920. for 10 1-4 cents per nonnit t i i. orchardf and It'S' at great pleas-1 containing from 200 to 2Sft pounds mo to kcuiu raaius, oileacn, or m "visuwornooq of 3" vae safm oa,- credit- for I tons oi eB"ii e put up in bar- the spleldld price realized. ' ? Hrels In Salem for Maraschino and the We Ike the cnerry crop because it I glace fruit purposes, is an farlycrop, karvestej daring I A regrettable incident ltt eonnec the vacation season ami ti t v 0i Jtion with the Maraschino cherry bus- uie, yearwnea w v-iCI couaiUons are I iness ia iuj cnernes are not uwriuiv. imanuiaciurou mo uoop nr man We shall be pleased tt an u tQ afacture being done la other cities furnish k interested cherry Vowers to which they are shipped. any lnfoimaUon we UT4 . It Saleml bad a gale fruit and the deveopment of ties, trse plant- Marascblw' tory U8 Bet of Ings. Yurs truly. oC P1B fruU industries, would he- jracticaUy ketiig Associatioo, i T Investigations are now being made into this inauv ana something will probably.shbw up in the. way. ot an industry of this kind soon. For. Maraschino purpose, the cher ries are. picked 1 with the stems on as i. customary -fof tanneries and are put intd barrelsThe heads are then fat: into the barrels, the hang taken Land. Unary 12. f J ' ?atuon of m' NaUon4 Advert, rx .- tends not only to"V "7 1920 7 rm making, t keen 111' 7 - it ji ' -w au m npi- i,L Sheep February S, 12,j ; A-y ; Angora boats, February" ''' "o Hops. PVbruaryli. j 'zu' Currantii'Februiry ;5,19' -Vs f'.oosebtries, Marti i,;'. pehydralloa. Marri, n Mlnlng,larch H, y'M . tuacacop' !, edltlonsl of V , Btateam4uar ' for sale U ' address. - worked up P1:? but also . ,..v. the cnerrv i . ., they can .P''Jfaa cherries are Uken ont of te U tea by ttachinia made especially t parpow These ' Or-coB that ey , carthft cherry in re taauJ Y"vr ,,(,,..VI' weman ox- r. . at a time," ;The y T i::ts each cherry can cherries are then put through a solu tion nf fruit coloring to make them the beautiful red which is the way they come to. us on ice cream. In lem onade, etc. - After they are colored they are put into a certain liquor which is known aa Maraschino liquor. which gives' them the delightful flav or. This flavoring is made of the flavoring extracts obtained ' from a number of fruits and 'the' kernels ot several kinds of fruit pits: In the process of making Maraschino cher ries, no part of the cherry goes to waste; everything is used ;the stems for flavoring and the pits- are also sometimes used for v flavoring and sometimes an extract is.mdV from them which yields prussic add. Cer tain oils are sometimes extracted which are used as the basis for some of our fine perfumes. . In making the glace fruits, which we can buy in any candy, store, the cherry Is put through tbe same color ing process but is put into a solution of. heavy syrup and allowed to stand for a length of time. Aa time goes on a change takes place; part of the syrup works its way into the cells of the cherry and forces the moisture out. This has a tendency to make the extra syrup thin and at regular Intervals the cherries and syrup are heated in order to evaporate part ot the moisture. This operation is re peated until the cherry has absorbed all of the syrup possible - and the extra syrup has drawn out every par ticle ot tbe moisture that is possible for It to take away fronii.the fruit In this condition the fruit Is kept In definitely, and you can now readily understand the sticgy appearance or glace ffults. The writer Dald a visit to a glace fruit factory last year and" was very much intehested. in the various pro cesses emoloved in handling the fruit One entire floor was. filled to the ceiling with dish pans full of various kinds of beautiful . fruits going throneh the alace process. -Owing to tha fact that the worK is an piece work, an immense amount of female help Is employed. This one iactory alone probably employed in the neighborhood 50f three to live, hun d red women. One of the features or picking cherries for Maraschino, which Is ap- oreciated by the growers, is that a great latitude In the degree of ripe ness is given them and on account of the bulk" method of handling, great quantities can be put up in a single day and in case of rain grpwers.caa strip their trees ana save tne mm. There are a numoer oi outer cner- ries which lend themselves readily to Maraschino purposs. particularly atnona" these are the Kentish and Montmorency cherries. We are alt familiar with the Kentish, but th Montmorency Is one which has only been lately grown in commercial nnantitiea' in this section." It ts hflTT bearer, and. like.tb Kentish, i acid in taste and" when made Into glace fruit it has a beautiful, trans narent color.. One reason why it is so well liked is becanse, th cherries k nnt so .over-large. In size. Some voir the Maraschino buyers com of the large size ot our cher ries, owing to the fact that they say Should Yield. Three Times aa Much Editor Statesman: ;V About 13 years ago I launched ln i the cherry enterprise by setting out rt A. . ' . . . . 1 mi . 9vv top ouaaea irees.: iney were inferior' little trees and I had bad luck with them fof a third or half of the trees died the first year; that sea son being unusually dry. - 'To start with; I set' all Royal Anne, but when I reset I put in good many. Lamberts. -'I was of the opinion that they would pollenlze. but It was not true, - . I had a good deal of trouble with The whip graft-is employed. 'The, trees vJhieh' ate' to serve as p'Uen-- izera should be. grafted, at this, time. It Is" Important that the, whole tree. should be grafted over to the pollen-" izer. which In alt cases sbjbull bs the, .Waterhouse. ; ; - - For best- remits no tree should be. land with deep soil and welt drained and protected on the north If .pos sible. 1 then plow deep' and: set stakes, sixty feet-apart In the spring. after all dan gerof frost was over. V would dynamite where stakes ! re K " T1" '.""I now than75. feet, from the oollen- uagsana eu loem oaca toxwo ieei ---- . . .-: ' the next year. - - I would -let Just four limbs grow. Izer.- - By thl method of - eherryj tree culture we have developed. at trea which Is gummoals resistant. In the , roots, trunk and. mala branches. By the time .that tbe Bing: Lambert. Royal Anne.', .W'aterhouse, etr,- is . grafted.: in, . the.-. Mazzard .wUl . be, growing very vigorously and we ran expect the' variety that is gratd in to it to grow rapidly. It ia aa.ac-. eepted, fact, that . a. rapid; srowlng, cherry treev'is less subject. to the at- . being, careful not. create any- forks, as they are liable to split down.-.' ' The next two years I. would graft three-fourths of the trees to Royal Ann and the other onefourth to oth er commercial .varieties, to be sure and have them well f ertlllaed." ; Train all limbs to. grow trees. In the shape of a goblet., so yon can plow cloe lo trees,' and trim Just as tV ' MA. . a T - . w-wrfrH vTwn-wi .d k gnmmosU than the tree that -,e.!w2f rAZZIr i eroding ; under; adversecircum- yivw u.ucry ill luu syiiu( ui cvu a number of buyers' do . not care to have the large sizes because they on ly yield abont 800 cherries or.enough for 800 servings of Ice cream to the gallon ot cherries, where the smaller cherries will yield as high as 1100. j ir tney can buy small cherries at the same price they, can serve 300 more portions and they prefer them on that account! : The large cherries, however, are very desirable for glace fruit purposes, as they make a:won derful appearance and the .appeal to tne eye is wnat causes: most of lis to bny glace fruit. I ' ' 1 Until a few years a no it was not thought that Lambert and Bing cher ries could be used' for manufactur ing purposes,' but 'how canneries are using them for canning and they are being used -lor-Maraschino purposes and also -glace fruits, and recently they have been used to'qnlte a heavy extent lor making, what ia known as chocolate dipped cherries. One of the hardest competitors of the northwest cherry, especially for Maraschino . purposes, has been tne little Italian Maraschino- cherry, which - has . been shipped into the United States in great quantities. Lw bor in Italy has been extremely cheap. Previous to the time of the war ocean rates were very low. and this cherry began to look as thourh it would dp considerable damage - to tbe - market for the Pacific coast cherry, due to our high freight rates' i to eastern points and also due to the high, cost stances. f - Some' guinmoals will throw; na, and this may be removed by tbe cutting out of th$ infected ' part. wlh a knife and exposing the. cut portion to the sunlight. . Care must "be. taken: that all. of, -the- diseased, portion Is cut out. The knire should be sterll azed In a. r to 1000 solution of bl ot picking and , labor for barreling, chloride of- mereury, - Th same to- etc. The danger of the. menace of ,B" -ar ?pr w, S '' .... nnrrinn nr v nm in n . mm cnerrv nan own ipmnoraniT t- i - year, in the winter When we. don t sow vetch tre use one-half yard of horse stable -manure.' y If you wish, to grow; a cultivated crop between trees Keep eight reet-rrom trees.. . ; Dl VAX DORX, . Dayton, Or:, Dec. 2?,, 1919." -Harry-I. Pearcy. - -Salem: Or., Dec-23; 1919. ,'.-; duced. not only" bjk 'the heavy Increase in ' freight rates and 'the Increase, in foreign labor, costs, but also, oy a protective tariff, which iw as enacted I recently. The Black Republican cherry was formerly planted tor pollination 'pur poses, but Is how being replaced by the Waterhouse, which' la so similar to the Royal Anne that it Is almost a a k a ' JI MM tmpossioie 10 aiBimguisn ine. umer- - - i - ence. ' The Black Republican does I Mate Hlf hway. COniZUSS10'X not grow very 'urge in size ana isi rrm-ti. r r-?ia Trrl not very desirable for canning and Is nU UTer UgH iUlr not used for Maraschino or glaee pur poses. In order to create a market fnf thta rhrrr ntttlnE ud TTfl rat ing have been resorted to and a sat-1 . curing me( wwon oi , isfactory market for It. has been ob- sUte highway department hae com-. talned. Ini this manner these cher-l pievea h bh oi B.l;::r. n,1 54iTKS 0? " ROAD C0L1PLETE lions Available,. .... , v ries are now used to a considerable extent in making fruit cake. A num ber of the other old varieties, sncb as Governor Woods and the. Elton are gradually going out of existence on account of the fact that .they are too soft for shipping or manufacturing. This is also true of the' Tartarian. These varieties are early varieties and desirable as fresh fruit, but the market in the fresh State Is so nn- ment in the State 1322. miles.' nave been under contract and 98 Smiles re- . main incompleted. ' The percentage, of work completed Is. 36 2-3. TheseJ figures are shown In a statement la-" sued by the department today sum marizing acUvities for-the year. The summary of road work under contract and complete shows the fol lowing figures: ' " : :, ' " : Paving- Miles under contract. dependable that growers have wosjl completed, 218;. per cent completed. varieties on wmca , , vuej wm OT43. - . more certain of a reasonably aafel Rocking and rravel ing-i-Under market every year CHERRY GuTJMOSISyS;NEV;r.lETHOD OF CHERRY TREE DEmOPWT ' : . " .-h Of the cherry orchards planted In years gone, by, we find that there has been a high rate of mortality among the trees. Golag .back - to the formative period of the orchard, that is, tbe first four of five yea,rs ot ita life, we find that in this period and the following- three or f ortr years was the time that the missing trees had died.. - - l J- Very few trees died after they were 9 vears old. -. a , ' Stddv . of . this trouble i led " to tho discovery that . it wa caused - by a bacterial disease . commonly - called cherry gun)mosis. . As the cherry ernwer knows, this' disease is. to be found in the cambium . portions of the trunk, crdtches and branches.. It ia moat serious In its consequences when rouna m- tue crotrnes or "causes the branch to. die : beyond the In InrTT ' ' j ' contract, 516; completed. 1 07:. un completed, 209;.per .cent completed ' 34, - ;-; .- : , Grading Under contract,- 82;" completed. 270; uncompleted," 555i per cent completed. 33. -- Expenditures ' by the . department from December '1, 1 9,1 8 '. to Korem-,-ber 30, -1918. totaled $6.811.335.32., Sale of bonds', to November 30, 1919, is summarized as follows: Bean-Barrett bonds Anthofited.. sold. 11,200.000; f tw rherrv - orchards planted which ham not suffered front the 111 effect I ' 814 Sas- of cherry gummosis. Practically no balance available 2619.280.55. trees have died from the ejects or six million' Issue Aothorized, tf this disease. The'dUease hasap- 000.000: sold. 13.940,000;. balance peared in a, mild form but has been aT,nable. f2.O6O.OO0; easy of control. A atiidy of the Ten ' million 'Issue-Authorlzed, - cause of these two conditions shouia fio.ooO.000-: sold. 84.000,000 bal- prove of Interest to those-who con- available. $6,000,000. template, the setting out ot; cherry I Totals Authorized, f $17.819.280.. 53; sold, $9,140,000; balance avail able, $8.679,280.55.. -"'M'-' nrchards. The sweet cherry Is very suscept ible to the.' ravages " of cher ry . um mosis. ' A Some varletiesj are more euacept; 1H1 than ntli0rk-.J ' "! ' tV- Rnvii Annrt fXaboleon) f Is - Yon Can't Foo the"9Iotheca.. i No one remedy would stand as aIeaot - ror so many years as has Foley's Hon- . 4 yery. much theJJing also .Ml in relieve coughs, colds and .i a lesser degree.-; VJ .Jj croup. It heals and soothes., ease - Vt?Y.rieUe, r iwhrrrlS. hoarfene... stops that coughing-that Se"mmerci.rcherry i. not grown n.the whole body and break,; - ,). The root storks colds and coughs. Children like .lt. Of Ute years there have been a commonly employed y nurterym ;