Salem Is the Skerry My of the W wld, and That' ff iti
: ana flsrig
inter
me
SWEET
POLLENIZATION OH THE
CHERRY
fori from consumers standpoint
The Royal Anne, Bing and Lam-,
bert herries need the agency of
some other, variety of cherry to en
able them to bear a crop: i "
This was not known ten years
ago. ,! J ' ,
At that time" there were no large
commercial bearing cherry Orchards
in ,1 Western Oregon, There were
thor.sands of cherry trees in ibearlng
at.that time, but these were Id back
yard lots or In family orchards.
These trees were heavy bearers and
profitable.- ' On the face of the re-,
suits of these family orchards trees,
orchards " of cherrijs 'i were
It ft aa riAclrahta - rhtTTT Ku
DAiil A vi n
te Waterhouse probably original
the vicinity of Salem- - .
"lie orchard in which It grew
a hjavy yielder and cions were -en
from this orchard as IT fUn
stole for nursery trees-
ehds (set out which nsed .trees
froi this nursery have been new
ylelers, while orchard i
usijg trees from other
we not heavy yieldera.-1
no J that the reason was the ater
hoe to be round iiu"""'..;
amount of pollen will be available
ior pouenuauon ' purposes. '
The third season after the graft
ing there will be some effect and the
fourth year a heavy crop should be
harvested from, the trees jsurroundr
ingr thpollenizers, : :.' -.
No aeif-iterUe Vaffcrfy should be
at a gf eater distance than "seVenty
frve feet from the nollenizer. The
greater- the distance from the pol
lenlzer, the smaller the set of fruit
will result on the self-sterile, varie
ties. . '
Needless to say, bees should be a
part or every orchard.
Enough bees should be provided to
to pollenise the whol rVl
chardVO a few hours time. for. dnrJ
lag ramyy.prlBgs. there may not be
?til hours ' weather
that tne bees jean work in
A !l!n& Mve "houl Provided
for every three or four acres of cher
ries. - v, ... i
n!?. does not carry cherry
bee to do this work, v
The best cherry insurance is an
abundance' of fertile Poiien- and an
abundance of bees to rarrV t,t. -i
len to the sterile Cherry blossoms.
HARRY L. PEARCY.
ACTUAL
EXPERIENCES
OF CHERRY
.J
GROWERS
WHAT A WOMAN LEFT A WIDOW WITH A CHERRY
ORCHARD ON HER HANDS HAS DONE
' Ticker Made A Hollar , Mallow?
Editor Statesman: ' k V
In reply to r letter of the 26th
will give You a ib
ered from my experience lUthe cul
ture of cherries. !' ',
We have several aires ef Royal
Anne cherries, a few! Bings and
tamberts and a few Black Republi
cans. . t :
The Black Repunucans re pmaieu
i Key. are
Having been asked to tejl some-
a - --- - .
tiofed orchard was a P"e"2fll4rV.;.thing about my experience with cber-
Wa responsible for the ries. I will endeavor W do so. hop-
. - ' BtrAtlCvSrl Inr -stav AvnorlanA mav. r1vn ftfm0
plated irrom -SS? SS .tlSJoir-tS A" Sto VitaSS I was the
ago. In all cases, not over three age. wUl confidence to handle her business
ou&r the Royal Anne-; In 1U problems under seeming difficulties.
niKJuwu", In pkruarv. iy. Air. lnoxnaa
varieties were Ordered from the nurs
erymen, these, inree --variei- oeint
the, Bing, Lambert and Royal Ann.
In mot cases some other ; yarieries
were unintentionally mixed with the
three above-mentioned varieties, the
result of which will be mentioned
- When these orchards had reach
ed -the bearing age, it was found
that they were not bearing! enough
of a crop to pay tor the picking.
This apparently phenomenal con
dition, considering- the fact that the
family orchard cherry tree were
bearing large crops and the large
commercial orchard, were not, led to
an-intestlgation by the O. A. C to
determine the eause and therefore
netrpst a remedy. v -
1 work carried on by Professor
Gardner. In this connectlonJ is co-n-
mpndable.
It was while trying to develop a
hybrid cherry tree that wotiid be a
"Pavy bearer,' that it was discovered
that the Blng, Lambert, and Royal
Intr-sterlle; that Is to say, that they
woHld not set their own rruit or ine
fruit of other mentioned varieties-';
ThU. then, furnished the reascn
why the large orchards planted r to
the- above-mentioned varietlet were
non-prod active. - . - -
Afier the discovery there remained
but one thing to do. ' I " 1
That step In the experlmient was
-to find the variety or rarletlaa that
were renponslble for the large e
of fr;it on- the trees of the; family
orchards. The Black RepaMJcan was
foued in most of these family or
chards and was found to be Inter
f ertr.e.that , Is, a good pollenUer.
Othi-r varieties, such as the.Governor
Wool. Tartarian. Coe. Elton andcer
tain oeedllnga, were also found to be
good pollenlzersr While these vari
eties .were fairly good as pollenlzers.
they hid their drawbacks. , They
were not first class marketable cher
Tles. While we -should 'be liatUfied
to, get a cherry that would poUenite
the commercial varieties. ey-l t it
was not a variety Vof commercial im
portance, still by finding a variety
that was a good pollenlzeit and at
the - same . time a good aeuer, rwe
would be that much ahead.
This variety was found i la the
Lone-stemmed Waterhouse. K
This variety can be trHly called
the "Life Saver" of the cherry. It-!
duntry. - ,
In the early seventies; a seedlin;
of the Royal Anne' growing on the
grounds of - Judge Waterhouse, at
Monmouth, bore cherries. j ;
'As .lt seemed -to be a desirable va
riety, it was propagated and nam 3d
Waterhouse. Some, of our best authorities-and
cberrf growers claim
that this Is not the Waterhouse that
is known for its pollenizlng value. It
, has no value s a polteniier and is
mentioned, here only as a matter ct
information. ' j .
The Waterhouse that is of value
as 4 pollen izer, i designated as the
Long Stemmed; Waterhouse. Pre
sumably it was so named because If its
similarity' to the Waterhouse. (Fu
ture reference to the Waterhouse re
fers to the Lone Stemmed Water-
house enlyL This Waterhouse, by
way of identification, has i a larger
pit than the Royal Anne. Is! softer of
flesh,1 is somewhat pointed, and
slightly.- smaller in most cases. It
is impossible to distinguish it and
the Royal Anne when , canned, ex
cept by the slightly" larger pl, there-
brdght as much per pouna punted a llttie less tnan six acres
Roil Anne. In years previous -to iand to 8eedling cherries. Six weeks
lsf, it sold for less than the Roy1 iater he died, leaving the care of this
Anl.' It should s 'or as mucn. property to me. Acting entirely
-XMt I hanllol BraDerlT. l t,a aHvI nf. frinHi; I da-
shdld not be mixed with the Ry41 J elded to keep the orchard and en-
An because it coon bp "-"' deaor to develop it lnio-someunn
thai the.iauer. ine wortn wnue. i reaiBeu i
theeiore, nas a morning auoui uicumu
thplare mixed, for he cannof turn i . information and advice from
outfa uniform -product; either neire!able orchardists and from the
RoM Anne wiU be nnaercTOaeu.y i gtite agricultural college,
the iVaterhouse wUi;be 0Tfgj In the-beginning my orchard had
Wh delivered in ?arate : Vlsome advantages in location. soil
ers the rrlM-itow-.wnu" alBO ln the
pro ded, of course, that tne Jgrade of seedlin trees. These were
rieAre in -Jr-iJr"alllel bf arf7 experienced nursen
terb ise has the ;.fdvaaUC f w a i whQ was instructed to choose
oth pollenixers - la that iVe onlY the strong, perfectly formed
a hfeher price, wa neJlB'"'T; frees. The roots were pruned before
andis" an excellent tPO"eo5;. . setting out, which I think Is unusual.
- fle -Wto,SSBrW although what benefit that was. if
bepo"enlier fr 'SZJTt t3. nr 1 not prepared to say.
n14.,18 f b.ra(l USSm Up to the time the orchard-was
buteflects theoplnlon of Pre8 flTe year8 oM lt as cultivated simp-
Gartier. formerly of the u. a- . v mnt.fn ttt
an feboft!?l5t tU ground bV .raTlowVowrnV. ha
lUi r.A VTi tonr of -ne Ilrst ol Ju,y all - cultivation
i VP 7 n .mAlBA.li0ww ceased. In the mean time it was
jnspicuon m hp Xlmiv The pruned in the apring to keep the
.fV thi EJn" trees In good shape" and sprayed with
?ltiltJml S and sulphur solution to pevent
fouithe same eoidiUoni-to esau . n , , f t
as i: as.m ine lara "Z'rrr The trees were allowed
7J'mXJ'alUor three years.
J?TYr&iT9 cut off and they were limb-grafted in
to grow
years, , when the tops were
iS'l'--'-1 Der waa the pioneer In thii
SfttaePA that pne special feature,
point ae well as a proancer ! the various rravr I tlkl with
tfcfl!Kto.5Ko-:; few had never heard of it. but the idea
J!fcM r.w Sfi Hi me from a Califprnia man.
cherfc' to pollenize It, hut such has
not froved to be the case, the War
terhdise giylng excellent results.
' Wiat method of proeeednre moat
we fllow to introduce the poUenier
'Xl.? oreventi vear nortS ffSfcn. coming
5 Urftohe slx orsev year lnto ren0WII ln the east for its h gh
of aiv dt may be, buddi ifi.eariy QaalitT ef cherries! "
VI?T" . Li vJijli-w Great quantities of -cherries are
hipped east fre ln ttlf 5S
the .Bids do not taw as, wen. , on T4W.nn m. m.
the oiler Wees.;- r : natchee and Yakima. Washington,
Trfes that art three; yearsand old- The Dalles,. Milton, and a few, other
er to', be grafted with gooff results. mtnor shipping points Inv Oregon,
whipbark or cleft graft bemg.useiL in the Willamette valley fresh
Wqp grafts are best with-trees shipping of cherries has not been
undel six years of aj e,- bark and gone into on any considerable safcle,
clef t Irafts being used on the older but it is only a question . of time,
trees! The whole tree ? should be with the enormous Increase in .the
graftal over and In ob season; : On production In western Oregon, until
large Frees a few email limbs ehould carload shipments will have to be
be; let" ungrafted to care for some moved east.-' especially In the Lam-
of 1 thi supply, of sap, ' and these I bert and Bing varieties, in order to
shoulj be removed after the -grafts itake care oh the extra tonnage which
have lfeen growing; six ot eight weeks. I will be produced as the young or-
it one or xwtf vuij are trait- cnaras now .cumiug mio Hearing be-
edthyivrill make very HUle growth come olderv L 1 , .v
and .vfll never nava much, IrriUn In the-particular vicinity of Sa-
surfad, which we are alters. lem the cherry. Industry has become
Therefore. iU poUenlziig. effect lone of considerawe magnitude.
THE CHERRY INDUSTRY
m Thhi 6 have ld eI8bt crops off
L Irit1 orcnart The first
iia r SSt'Hi ??hrd waa U years
?Id 1;00 Punds; the next
IVt ;L wor f cherries at about
irr? eand let BOm fa fine
cherries rot on the trees simply be
cause I did not know It was nece
"7 ko inrougn the orchard twice
tkf mwt,m.es three tlme t Pth
lerTlel ltt fir8t cl condK
l?? r.hf ? tbe orchrd was eight
H ?,d H urJ)rl8ed n by beainr
seven tons of cherries.
mJllJU tlme 1 wa learning to
market my crop. -
I did not let persuasive young buy-
ndv ce t0 8, contract
when they, were In the mood. ,
I tried as far a nnaihi
of the market conditions in Califor
nia and other localities that were apt
lunuence ige marxet here. When
It was nine years old ?t bore four
and one-half tons, the following year
ten tons and the next year twelve
tons. The year after that, on' ac
count of blight. It only bore 2700
pounds. '.'.
Lst summer the orchard was. 12
years old and bore - seventeen ' and
one-half tons of cherries.' -
With the prevailing market price
running from ten to eleven cents,
and figuring about one-third the in
come as the production cost; this
showed a very good profit on the In
vestment. - - . ,."- ...
When the. orchard .-Was seven
years did I quit nruninc in the anriae
but as soon as the crop l off each.
eason i nave an lunoa removed that
have been .broken in picking and
Just enough, pruning done to keep
the trees In symmetrical, shape. .
" I also have the gummosis treated
when necessary; , J
. So far I have never, used any fer
tiliier ' J ' ' -
This ln brief Is one woman's ex
perience in growing cbrties,t
(M RS.) JENNIE M., THOMAS.
(Owner Royal VIeW Orchard i
Salem Heights). '
a m An tw th Roval Annes.
a rv hPiTT as well as a sure yield
er and oroduce lots of pollen. , Ym
find that the Royal i Annes bear
,... .aviAr if either the Black
Republican or the lo stem Water-
house are plan tea mmyus
assist In polleniiatlon. rrom exper-
(n.p T would advise grafting a limb
every four or six trees to a long stem
-u.'atrhnue: I prefer. Waterhouse to
Black Republicans, as they can be
picked and sold with the Royal
Annes; while the Republicans are a
week or so later. '
i'Yia T jmbrts and Bings are a
very good commercial cherry, 'i The
canneries orefer the Royal Annes.
but the Lamberts and Bings, espec
ially the Lamberts, are good shili
plng cherries. There is a good mar
ket for them in Portland.. Seattle
and other large cities.. They require
a litte more care In handling, but
bring a better price. They are a
horriior tr than the Royal fAnnes
and are not so subject to gummosis.
I will say rlgnrnere mat inis. ais
ease is a very stubborn one to hand
le and one that discouragesj many
young orchard men.' When a tree is
Just coming" into bearing this gum
ming- becomes very oaa ana; orien
girdles the tree, r This Is wby so
manv trees die Just at mis time, ir
a tree passes this point it has' a fair
chance for its life: As yet nothing
has been found that is a sure cure
for this disease.
As the cherry Is an early fruit. It
Is Important to begin cultivation
very early and quit early. They do
not need such' heavy cultivation as
I he prunes, apples, etc., that fruiji
later. ' The roots 6f . the cherry are
very near the top of the ground and
hence care must be taken not to cul
tivate too deep. . v . ' 4 . 1
From our1 orchard of! 8. acres ox
12-yearold trees we harvested 1,
000' pounds last 'year, for which we
received 10 cents for Royal Annes.
Lamberts and Binga. and. 6 . cents for
mac nepyoucans. -
The nrlce nald for 'oicklnr was
1 V .cents a'pound. witlJ -a one-half
cent 'bonus. Some rf 1 our pickers
made as mucn, as a dollar an hour.
Hoping these few thoughts will be
of use to you, I remain respectfully.
M. M. ELLIOTT,
Dallas, Or., Dec. 20, 191$..
'gum disease, and some 'trees died
when young; but after seven or eight
years of age this trouble nearly dis
appeared. . '- '
I believe it Is a good policy to
plow once a year -pretty early iA
the spring and seed to rye grass and
then pasture with sheep or pigs.-- f
Or I - like the straw mulch very
well for cherry trees. In fact, 1
think It the best way to. care for
cherry trees. . .
Well, cherry production Is . all
lovely now; except that tne trees do
not' produce as well as they should
My. trees are always
are the Mazzard and Mahaleb seed- '
lings. From the orchardlst's stand
point, the Mazzard is to-be prefer- -
red. Some - nurserymen prefer the, '
Mahaleb because' Its grafts takJ bet-;
terV ' foweer. ' there: am bat' few.
nurserymen who Mise the . Mahaleb
stock now." - The Mattard Is very re-
sistant to cherry gummosis. The "
cherry tree which we' buy from the i
nursery has' mazzard. roots.- .That
portion of the tree is therefore, re
sistant to the gummosis.. The trunk
of this tree is that of the variety that
we have ordered and is not resistant
to. any great extent to tne guramtsis.
It is very easy for the gummosis to
girdle the. trunk of a. young tree."
Thaaame condition , la true. In I the
main crotchea " of - this, ypung tree.
It the -gummosis gets In tbe limb
It will kill -only , that portion of the
limb beyond ' f he ' point , of injury;
whereas if it gets in the trunk it is
-
a Dower or
blossoms, and.' while they-probably i liable' to kill the whole tree which
bring $100 an acre they should eas- is-very often the case. Thero'toe;
ily bring tljree times that amount. if the trunk and main branches could
There . Is an occasional , mazzard be of some resistant stock, th great
limb that I failed to cut off. Where- est source of danger from this div
ever this happens the trees are heav- ease would be eliminated; We have
ily. loaded with either Royal Anne
or Lambert. .
M. C. JEXKS, -Tangent,
Or., Dec. 29, 1919.:
. (Mr. Jenks will no. doubt read the
articles of Harry L. Pearcy, Mrs.
Jennie 51. Thomas, the Walnut Culti
vation and Marketing association,
this resistant stock An, the Mazzard
seedling before mentioned. For tbe
nurseryman to supply Mazzard seed
lings that are grafted to the com
mercial variety but grafted - above
the crotches so as to lessen f the
chances for gummosis Injury, I will
be - a. serious problem, for bim to
and others, in this Issue of The! soive. i n common practice, m m
Statesman. And the ' reading - no West, is to plant l-year-old.5 treev
doubt will b worth thouiand& of I which are usualy on 3-year-okl rcqU-,
dollars lo him; as it will be" worth I The nnrseryman ; would be. aMf to
. ia. I jm a w a m a a a. K Sr . a a& a
hundreds or tbosanas or dollars, ves.l " " a,toe cjc oi. ia tun;.
millions, to' thfe' fcreaf cherry crow
ing section for ln ; those articles
win be found ' absolutely certiin in
surance against' cherry crop failure
or partial; failure,' in all, ' ndrmal
years. Ed.) ' ' .. '
since the commercial variety would'
have to be grafted In the branches. '
The, problem Is not so seripus.for
-the orchardist;. however."-
His method of solution Jls to. plant
the Mazza-rd' seedllur :whtp, or '1-year-old
trunk. -' - . T
'' At tf'l'lm -nf nlintlnr thit IrM -
Mr, Van Iprn TelU How lie WonVll ,hoaM pnned as any cherry tree!
- eT uut.:Aewv(nierry wrnara would oe prunea. Toe Ilrst season's
Editor Statesman: ' ' 'i ; growth' should-also be-pruned ac-
v... .,.t . mwA ..vi. cording ' to . the common practice. -
tl wL5i i ?d o! This second season growth should
to say a few words In regard to pro- .
duetlon' of cherries for eotrimerclal ""f4 3SiS?
purposes. ' You" will please' excuse ti?n?tEi
me-for commencing at- the founds gJBr 'P T,00?.'.
Uon of an orchard. My reason for hJd ctrLTtti?ti
thi is becanse . a mistake In the fl"...TlQ 5ff V."AJ 'W.4--bft dOB
commencement is a mistake through- T "J h.rSit .hbt b.
k ur- t ih. a . r.. I The average orchardist s.hoId be
If I were
tomorrow.
lence and making my trees my com
panions, i would select a , tract, pi,
if-- K. o,7rH r " e average orchardist should be
.J? tc. hii . fw' nrHrd lt dd' hi. OWU gTaf Ung. ' This
t?t Zi beca.usehe cherry is one bt,
will bi practically aa.:
In an ordinary season nnmxi-
Plclfers cannot be : expected to ma" Leea re b
keen avo varieties picked off one a,e? ."f? Jl"" anning
tree'; sWate,. andlftwo UrIetIe9 1 a-jm.
are inled In the satoe boxV th price
Teceivo per pounu m oe less; -
If tie whole tree Is grafted over.
WILL BE PLEASED T0 FURNISH INFORMVTIO TO
i ivuof evolve vnuuvi UIWIIJ ,
Editor Statesman: Complying with
your request received this morning,
"wo will say that we hare harvested
two . cherry crops; our trees being
' young. ' ; . -: u -.' . ; ; -.: I .-. ., ' v ...
We have supervision over more
than 1000 acres planted on the high
lands 'in Yamhill county,! and we
have found that the Rofal 'Anns.
.lilngs: and Lamberts, when properly
pollenlzed, are a very profitable ctod:
and the long stemmed Waterhouse
seems to be the best pollenLzer for
inese varieties, and la a good market
able variniv lt1f ).
Many of our trees yielded last year
from 200 to 300 pounds per . tree:
and we sold the balk of: our crop
The largest tonnage of anv inri
variety handled is the Royal Ann var
iety.' ::.' , .
a largftop WtU be formed la two or Lome tme. wiled NVpoteon, Sal-
on account of 1U peculiar properties
derived from a combination of soil
and climate, it makes. , a superior
fruit product not only for canning
but also for. Maraschino, cherries and
glace fruits .
Last season nearijY 3000 barrels
PTES OF SLOGANS IH DAIUf STATE!:
(In Twice-a-Wcck SUtcsman IllovriJi2,
i
Loganberrips, Oct. 9.
Prunes, Oct. 14V ' ' ' j 1
Dairying October 2J.
Flax, October 30. : :;
Filberts, Nov. . - - .1
"Walnuts, Nov, 10.
Strawberries, Nov. SO. j
Apples, November 27. '
Raspberries, December 4.
Mint. December 11. : ) :
Crr-t Cows, December :1JI. . .
T"t " "r' ".December -25. .
Clm 5niarrl. 1320.
l'car aary 81920. -Il-vi
.;!, January 15 1920.
for 10 1-4 cents per nonnit t i i.
orchardf and It'S' at great pleas-1 containing from 200 to 2Sft pounds
mo to kcuiu raaius, oileacn, or m "visuwornooq of 3"
vae safm oa,- credit- for I tons oi eB"ii e put up in bar-
the spleldld price realized. ' ? Hrels In Salem for Maraschino and the
We Ike the cnerry crop because it I glace fruit purposes,
is an farlycrop, karvestej daring I A regrettable incident ltt eonnec
the vacation season ami ti t v 0i Jtion with the Maraschino cherry bus-
uie, yearwnea w v-iCI couaiUons are I iness ia iuj cnernes are not
uwriuiv. imanuiaciurou mo uoop nr man
We shall be pleased tt an u tQ afacture being done la other cities
furnish k interested cherry Vowers to which they are shipped.
any lnfoimaUon we UT4 . It Saleml bad a gale fruit and
the deveopment of ties, trse plant- Marascblw' tory U8 Bet of
Ings. Yurs truly. oC P1B fruU industries, would he- jracticaUy
ketiig Associatioo, i T Investigations are now being made
into this inauv ana something will
probably.shbw up in the. way. ot an
industry of this kind soon.
For. Maraschino purpose, the cher
ries are. picked 1 with the stems on as
i. customary -fof tanneries and are
put intd barrelsThe heads are then
fat: into the barrels, the hang taken
Land. Unary 12. f J ' ?atuon of m'
NaUon4 Advert, rx .- tends not only to"V "7
1920 7 rm making, t keen 111'
7 - it ji ' -w au m npi-
i,L
Sheep February S, 12,j ; A-y ;
Angora boats, February" ''' "o
Hops. PVbruaryli. j 'zu'
Currantii'Februiry ;5,19' -Vs
f'.oosebtries, Marti i,;'.
pehydralloa. Marri, n
Mlnlng,larch H, y'M .
tuacacop' !,
edltlonsl of V
, Btateam4uar '
for sale U '
address. -
worked up P1:? but also
. ,..v. the cnerrv i . .,
they can .P''Jfaa cherries are
Uken ont of te U
tea by ttachinia made
especially t parpow These
' Or-coB that ey , carthft cherry in
re taauJ Y"vr ,,(,,..VI' weman ox-
r. . at a time," ;The
y T i::ts each
cherry can
cherries are then put through a solu
tion nf fruit coloring to make them
the beautiful red which is the way
they come to. us on ice cream. In lem
onade, etc. - After they are colored
they are put into a certain liquor
which is known aa Maraschino liquor.
which gives' them the delightful flav
or. This flavoring is made of the
flavoring extracts obtained ' from a
number of fruits and 'the' kernels ot
several kinds of fruit pits: In the
process of making Maraschino cher
ries, no part of the cherry goes to
waste; everything is used ;the stems
for flavoring and the pits- are also
sometimes used for v flavoring and
sometimes an extract is.mdV from
them which yields prussic add. Cer
tain oils are sometimes extracted
which are used as the basis for some
of our fine perfumes.
. In making the glace fruits, which
we can buy in any candy, store, the
cherry Is put through tbe same color
ing process but is put into a solution
of. heavy syrup and allowed to stand
for a length of time. Aa time goes
on a change takes place; part of the
syrup works its way into the cells of
the cherry and forces the moisture
out. This has a tendency to make
the extra syrup thin and at regular
Intervals the cherries and syrup are
heated in order to evaporate part ot
the moisture. This operation is re
peated until the cherry has absorbed
all of the syrup possible - and the
extra syrup has drawn out every par
ticle ot tbe moisture that is possible
for It to take away fronii.the fruit
In this condition the fruit Is kept In
definitely, and you can now readily
understand the sticgy appearance or
glace ffults.
The writer Dald a visit to a glace
fruit factory last year and" was very
much intehested. in the various pro
cesses emoloved in handling the fruit
One entire floor was. filled to the
ceiling with dish pans full of various
kinds of beautiful . fruits going
throneh the alace process. -Owing to
tha fact that the worK is an piece
work, an immense amount of female
help Is employed. This one iactory
alone probably employed in the
neighborhood 50f three to live, hun
d red women.
One of the features or picking
cherries for Maraschino, which Is ap-
oreciated by the growers, is that a
great latitude In the degree of ripe
ness is given them and on account of
the bulk" method of handling, great
quantities can be put up in a single
day and in case of rain grpwers.caa
strip their trees ana save tne mm.
There are a numoer oi outer cner-
ries which lend themselves readily to
Maraschino purposs. particularly
atnona" these are the Kentish and
Montmorency cherries. We are alt
familiar with the Kentish, but th
Montmorency Is one which has only
been lately grown in commercial
nnantitiea' in this section." It ts
hflTT bearer, and. like.tb Kentish,
i acid in taste and" when made Into
glace fruit it has a beautiful, trans
narent color.. One reason why it is
so well liked is becanse, th cherries
k nnt so .over-large. In size. Some
voir the Maraschino buyers com
of the large size ot our cher
ries, owing to the fact that they say
Should Yield. Three Times aa Much
Editor Statesman: ;V
About 13 years ago I launched ln
i the cherry enterprise by setting out
rt A. . ' . . . . 1 mi .
9vv top ouaaea irees.: iney were
inferior' little trees and I had bad
luck with them fof a third or half of
the trees died the first year; that sea
son being unusually dry. -
'To start with; I set' all Royal
Anne, but when I reset I put in
good many. Lamberts. -'I was of the
opinion that they would pollenlze.
but It was not true, -
. I had a good deal of trouble with
The whip graft-is employed. 'The,
trees vJhieh' ate' to serve as p'Uen--
izera should be. grafted, at this, time.
It Is" Important that the, whole tree.
should be grafted over to the pollen-"
izer. which In alt cases sbjbull bs the,
.Waterhouse. ; ; - -
For best- remits no tree should be.
land with deep soil and welt drained
and protected on the north If .pos
sible. 1 then plow deep' and: set
stakes, sixty feet-apart In the spring.
after all dan gerof frost was over.
V would dynamite where stakes
! re K " T1" '.""I now than75. feet, from the oollen-
uagsana eu loem oaca toxwo ieei ---- . . .-: '
the next year. - -
I would -let Just four limbs grow.
Izer.-
- By thl method of - eherryj tree
culture we have developed. at trea
which Is gummoals resistant. In the ,
roots, trunk and. mala branches. By
the time .that tbe Bing: Lambert.
Royal Anne.', .W'aterhouse, etr,- is .
grafted.: in, . the.-. Mazzard .wUl . be,
growing very vigorously and we ran
expect the' variety that is gratd in
to it to grow rapidly. It ia aa.ac-.
eepted, fact, that . a. rapid; srowlng,
cherry treev'is less subject. to the at- .
being, careful not. create any- forks,
as they are liable to split down.-.'
' The next two years I. would graft
three-fourths of the trees to Royal
Ann and the other onefourth to oth
er commercial .varieties, to be sure
and have them well f ertlllaed." ;
Train all limbs to. grow trees. In
the shape of a goblet., so yon can
plow cloe lo trees,' and trim Just as
tV ' MA. . a T - .
w-wrfrH vTwn-wi .d k gnmmosU than the tree that
-,e.!w2f rAZZIr i eroding ; under; adversecircum-
yivw u.ucry ill luu syiiu( ui cvu
a number of buyers' do . not care to
have the large sizes because they on
ly yield abont 800 cherries or.enough
for 800 servings of Ice cream to the
gallon ot cherries, where the smaller
cherries will yield as high as 1100. j
ir tney can buy small cherries at the
same price they, can serve 300 more
portions and they prefer them on
that account! : The large cherries,
however, are very desirable for glace
fruit purposes, as they make a:won
derful appearance and the .appeal to
tne eye is wnat causes: most of lis to
bny glace fruit. I ' ' 1
Until a few years a no it was not
thought that Lambert and Bing cher
ries could be used' for manufactur
ing purposes,' but 'how canneries are
using them for canning and they are
being used -lor-Maraschino purposes
and also -glace fruits, and recently
they have been used to'qnlte a heavy
extent lor making, what ia known
as chocolate dipped cherries.
One of the hardest competitors of
the northwest cherry, especially for
Maraschino . purposes, has been tne
little Italian Maraschino- cherry,
which - has . been shipped into the
United States in great quantities. Lw
bor in Italy has been extremely cheap.
Previous to the time of the war ocean
rates were very low. and this cherry
began to look as thourh it would dp
considerable damage - to tbe - market
for the Pacific coast cherry, due to
our high freight rates' i to eastern
points and also due to the high, cost
stances. f
- Some' guinmoals will throw; na, and
this may be removed by tbe cutting
out of th$ infected ' part. wlh a
knife and exposing the. cut portion
to the sunlight. . Care must "be. taken:
that all. of, -the- diseased, portion Is
cut out. The knire should be sterll
azed In a. r to 1000 solution of bl
ot picking and , labor for barreling, chloride of- mereury, - Th same to-
etc. The danger of the. menace of ,B" -ar ?pr w, S ''
.... nnrrinn nr v nm in n .
mm cnerrv nan own ipmnoraniT t- i -
year, in the winter When we. don t
sow vetch tre use one-half yard of
horse stable -manure.' y If you wish, to
grow; a cultivated crop between trees
Keep eight reet-rrom trees..
. ; Dl VAX DORX,
. Dayton, Or:, Dec. 2?,, 1919."
-Harry-I. Pearcy. -
-Salem: Or., Dec-23; 1919. ,'.-;
duced. not only" bjk 'the heavy Increase
in ' freight rates and 'the Increase, in
foreign labor, costs, but also, oy a
protective tariff, which iw as enacted I
recently.
The Black Republican cherry was
formerly planted tor pollination 'pur
poses, but Is how being replaced by
the Waterhouse, which' la so similar
to the Royal Anne that it Is almost
a a k a ' JI MM
tmpossioie 10 aiBimguisn ine. umer- - - i -
ence. ' The Black Republican does I Mate Hlf hway. COniZUSS10'X
not grow very 'urge in size ana isi rrm-ti. r r-?ia Trrl
not very desirable for canning and Is nU UTer UgH iUlr
not used for Maraschino or glaee pur
poses. In order to create a market
fnf thta rhrrr ntttlnE ud TTfl rat
ing have been resorted to and a sat-1 . curing me( wwon oi ,
isfactory market for It. has been ob- sUte highway department hae com-.
talned. Ini this manner these cher-l pievea h bh oi B.l;::r. n,1
54iTKS 0? "
ROAD C0L1PLETE
lions Available,.
.... ,
v
ries are now used to a considerable
extent in making fruit cake. A num
ber of the other old varieties, sncb
as Governor Woods and the. Elton are
gradually going out of existence on
account of the fact that .they are too
soft for shipping or manufacturing.
This is also true of the' Tartarian.
These varieties are early varieties
and desirable as fresh fruit, but the
market in the fresh State Is so nn-
ment in the State 1322. miles.' nave
been under contract and 98 Smiles re- .
main incompleted. ' The percentage,
of work completed Is. 36 2-3. TheseJ
figures are shown In a statement la-"
sued by the department today sum
marizing acUvities for-the year.
The summary of road work under
contract and complete shows the fol
lowing figures: ' " : :, ' " :
Paving- Miles under contract.
dependable that growers have wosjl completed, 218;. per cent completed.
varieties on wmca , , vuej wm OT43. - .
more certain of a reasonably aafel Rocking
and
rravel ing-i-Under
market every year
CHERRY GuTJMOSISyS;NEV;r.lETHOD
OF CHERRY TREE DEmOPWT
' : . " .-h
Of the cherry orchards planted In
years gone, by, we find that there
has been a high rate of mortality
among the trees. Golag .back - to the
formative period of the orchard, that
is, tbe first four of five yea,rs ot ita
life, we find that in this period and
the following- three or f ortr years was
the time that the missing trees had
died.. - - l J-
Very few trees died after they
were 9 vears old. -. a , '
Stddv . of . this trouble i led " to tho
discovery that . it wa caused - by a
bacterial disease . commonly - called
cherry gun)mosis. . As the cherry
ernwer knows, this' disease is. to be
found in the cambium . portions of
the trunk, crdtches and branches.. It
ia moat serious In its consequences
when rouna m- tue crotrnes or
"causes the branch to. die : beyond the
In InrTT ' '
j '
contract, 516; completed. 1 07:. un
completed, 209;.per .cent completed '
34, - ;-; .- :
, Grading Under contract,- 82;"
completed. 270; uncompleted," 555i
per cent completed. 33. --
Expenditures ' by the . department
from December '1, 1 9,1 8 '. to Korem-,-ber
30, -1918. totaled $6.811.335.32.,
Sale of bonds', to November 30,
1919, is summarized as follows:
Bean-Barrett bonds Anthofited..
sold. 11,200.000;
f
tw rherrv - orchards planted which
ham not suffered front the 111 effect I ' 814 Sas-
of cherry gummosis. Practically no balance available 2619.280.55.
trees have died from the ejects or six million' Issue Aothorized, tf
this disease. The'dUease hasap- 000.000: sold. 13.940,000;. balance
peared in a, mild form but has been aT,nable. f2.O6O.OO0;
easy of control. A atiidy of the Ten ' million 'Issue-Authorlzed, -
cause of these two conditions shouia fio.ooO.000-: sold. 84.000,000 bal-
prove of Interest to those-who con- available. $6,000,000.
template, the setting out ot; cherry I Totals Authorized, f $17.819.280..
53; sold, $9,140,000; balance avail
able, $8.679,280.55.. -"'M'-'
nrchards.
The sweet cherry Is very suscept
ible to the.' ravages " of cher ry . um
mosis. ' A
Some varletiesj are more euacept;
1H1 than ntli0rk-.J ' "! '
tV- Rnvii Annrt fXaboleon) f Is
- Yon Can't Foo the"9Iotheca.. i
No one remedy would stand as aIeaot -
ror so many years as has Foley's Hon- . 4
yery. much theJJing also .Ml in relieve coughs, colds and .i
a lesser degree.-; VJ .Jj croup. It heals and soothes., ease -
Vt?Y.rieUe, r iwhrrrlS. hoarfene... stops that coughing-that
Se"mmerci.rcherry i. not grown n.the whole body and break,;
- ,). The root storks colds and coughs. Children like .lt.
Of Ute years there have been a commonly employed y nurterym ;