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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 13, 1919)
THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL, PORTiyrO, MONDAY. 'JANUARY ,13, 1919. 6 GRANTS PASS MAN DRAWS WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE Dr. J. C. Smith Given Chief Ap potrrtment byv President of the Oregon Senate.' PORTLAND MEN SCORE WELL .Orton Is Chairman of Roads and Highways and Gus Moser of Judiciary Committee. Salem. Jan. 13. This afternoon Pres ' Went ; Vftiton announced his senate " committee appointments. Senator J. C. Smith of Josephine will be chairman of the important ways and :. means committee. Senator A. W. Or ton of Multnomah will head the im portant committee on roads and MgU ways, while Senator Gua Moser of i Multnomah will be chairman of the JudUSary committee. - Other important chairmanships are: Senator Eddy, revision and laws ; Sen ator Hurley, irrigation ; Senator Dlm- Ick, resolutions: Senator Pierce, public lands.; Senator Gill, same ; Senator Hus ton, commerco fnd navigation : Senator 'Banks, insurance; Senator Kberhard, railroads. ' Considerable dissatisfaction is being heard over the chairmanship of the im portant committee on roads and high . ways g'OlnK' to Orton. Multnomah has no road building problem, and upstate senators feel that this committee should have been put in charge of Borne one from one of the counties having a road building; problem more directly on Its hands. A complete list of the committee ap V point merits is as follows: : . Agriculture and forestry Chairman, Thomas; Huston, La 'ollett. Porter, Shanks. Alcoholic traffic Chairman, Shanks ; Karrell, Handley, Norblad. Strayer. t Assessment and taxation Chairman, Ritner; Bell, Pierce. Ira S. Smith, Wood. "T Banking Chairman, Patterson ; Bald J Win. Banks. Bell. Eddy. Claims Chairman, Bell ; Banks, Nor blad. Commerce and navigation Chairman, Huston; Kddy. Howell, Moser, Norblad. Counties Chairman, Dimick ; Wood, Pierce. County" and state officers Chairman, Porter ; Eberhart, Kddy, Pierce, Orton. j Education Chairman, Ira S. Smith; Baldwin, Gilt. Jones, Patterson. , - Elections and privileges Chairman, Handley ; Eberhart, Nickelsen. Engrossed bills Chairman, Lach mund ; Farrell, Thomas. Enrolled bills Chairman, Orton ; Hur ley. J. C. Smith. . Federal relations Chairman, La Fol lett; Farrell, Ritner.. . Fishing industries Chairman. Nor blad ; Gill, Handley, Ira S. Smith, Thomas. Game Chairman, Gill ; Farrell. Nlck, Isen. Porter, Ritner. . Horticulture Chairman, Lachmund ; Nickelsen, Jones. : Industries Chairman, Jones; Bald Win. Wood, Gill. Porter. Insurance Chairman, sBanks, Moser, i Porter, Shanks. Strayer. "I- Irrigation Chairman. Hurley; Bald win. Bell, Eberhart, Nickelsen. Judiciary Chairman. Moser ; Dimick, DIZZY SPELLS THING OF PAST : tot f 3 ::"i EberhJirt, Handley, Howell, Hurley, Jones. Norblad, Thomaa. Medicine, pharmacy and dentistry Chairman. Wood; Dimick, Huston, La Follett; J. C. Smith. Military affairs Chairman. Howell"; Patterson, Ritner. Mining Chairman, Strayer ; Hurley, J. C Smith. .Municipal affairs Chairman, Farrell ; Banks, Howell. La Follett, Wood. Penal institutions Chairman, Nickel sen ; Jones, Orton. Printing Chairman, Gill; Bell, Dim ick, Howell, Lachmund. Public buildings and institutions Chairman, Baldwin; La Foilette, Nickel sen. - Public lands Chairman, Pierce ; Far rell, Hurley, Huston, Ritner. Railroads Chairman. Eberhart; Eddy; Handley, Moser. Shank. -"Resolutions Chairman, Dimick, Jones, Moser, Ritner.' Ira S. Smith. Revision of lawn Cnai man, Eddy ; Banks, Huston, Pierce, Orton, Shanks, Strayer. Roads and ' highways Chairman. Or ton; Hurley, Lachmund, Patterson. Rit ner, Ira S. Smith, Thomas. Ways and means Chairman, -J. C, Smith; Patterson, Eberhart. Gill. Jones. Lachmund, Strayer : ; NDUSTRIAL IE0S FOR BENEFIT OF THE SOLDIERS RECOUNTED Public Is Asked to Lend Aid in Getting Quick Action on the Work of Reconstruction. ARGUMENTS BEGUN HARD STORY IS MURDER TRIAL; MAINTAINED As the basis pf a probable campaign to meet the returned soldier problem, furnish employment and maintain Indus try, Portland business men are discuss ing one of the resolutions adopted by the reconstruction convention just before U closed at The Auditorium last Saturday; tTse lumber'" is the idea. "We appeal to the public that they give us every assistance toward foster ing the enterprises that will use our product and to realize that their wait ing In anticipation of lower prices, which may not materialize, will do an injury to the country as well as to themselves," reads the resolution. "We petition every department of the government to bring forth speedily all plans for new work such as roadbullding, reclamation projects and river and har bor improvements ; and particularly do we direct this appeal to the United States railroad administration, which has the problem of rehabilitating rail roads that have been used to their max imum with a minimum of repair, that they be requested to intensify their car building program, renewals and repairs, and that they anticipate their require ments for lumber and place their orders now, rather than to hold back and en deavor to beat down prices. We peti tion, the United States shipping board to release ships already completed and to make investigation of the wooden Bhip program and remove the stigma placed on that industry, which was occasioned by the building of the type of ship not suited for the requirements of the size and not on account of any imperfection in the construction. Also that the Emer gency Fleet corporation be requested to allow yards to book independent con tracts whenever they can secure busi ness." A paragraph of the resolution disposes of the uncertainty as to wages and hours : "It is the unanimous sentiment of the lumber manufacturers that wages should not be reduced and that the eight hour day be maintained." Lumber operators declare themselves ready to operate without profit if neces Bary to keep the industry moving. Oregon Woman Stops Decline 4n Health and Ends Months of Suffering by Building Up the Blood Woman's work! s they nay, is hpi r done. She starts with the housework as soon as she riwes In the morning ami is . generally busy up to the time sis retires at night. The work must he done whether she is feeling well or not. It's sometimes a monotonous grind for the healthy, normal individual, but it becomes almost intolerable at times it the dally routine must be gone through with, when the body cries out with pain, when stooping produces dizzy spells and nervous headaches are fre quent. A large proportion of the suffering among women Is due to deficient blood. Once the blood loses its quality the nerves begin to- protest, for the nerves are nourished entirely .by 'the blood, ' Sometimes it is the nerves in control of the stomach that, rebel, then nervous Indigestion is the result. Sometimes upset . nerves in other parts of the body start neuralgic pains and sleepless nights follow. A reliable blood tonic Is the best treatment for con ditions of this kind a: is fIiow n hy the5 experience of Mrs. V. O. Huff of Cottage Grove. Or. She says : "I was sinking into a decline and was In bed thegreater portion of the time, I suffered from pains all over. I had but little blood, was very sallow and bilious. My heart palpitated and I was short of breath. I had terrible nervous headaches accompanied by dizzy spells, which would last for days. I could not sleep at night. I was so nervous that the least little noise Would set me on edge. My appetite was poor. I kept getting thinner every day. "I was very much discouraged until I read about the wonderful results from the use of Dr. Williams' Pink Pills. I immediately sent for a few boxes and set all other medicines away. I took the pllla as the directions said- and almost immediately there was a decided Improvement which kept up until I was entirely well and I have remained so. 1 am now in as good health as a woman of my age could expect to be. Most every one in our family has used Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for some trouble or other ; and has always been benefit ed. We ' consider the pills our family remedy and recommend them highly." To build up the blood there is one remedy that has been a household word for a generation. Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for Pale People. They tone up the entire system, make the blood rich and red, strengthen the nerves, increase the appetite, put color in the cheeks and lips and drive away that unnatural tired feeling. Plenty of sunlight, good whole some food and fresh air will do the rest. - The pamphlet. "Building Up the Blood," contains just the information that every mother of a jrrowinsr srlrl needa.- It -will be sent to ,any address! ins vii j cucbu . Tour own druggist sells Dr. Williams' Pink. Pills. Price 60 cents per box; six boxes for $2.50. Write to the Dr. Williams Medicine Co.. Schenectady, N." T. Adv. - ' Outlaws Threaten To Eesist Arrest In Mountain Home BlairsviUe, Ga., Jan. 13. (I. N. S.) With the red flsfg reported Btlll flying over the mountain home of the Crawleys fit the foot of Coosa mountain, the Craw ley gang, most of them alleged moon shiners and deserters from the army, continued today to defy arrest by the United States marshals, deputies and troops from Camp Gordon. According to the latest reports the des peradoes , have sent word to Governor Dorsey that their forces have been In creased and that they will resist capture to the very last The- scene of the outlaw gang is seven miles "from Blairsville, where in . the Crawley abode, strongly barricaded and armed, the sharp-eyed desperadoes are prepared to "kill and be killed." Reinforcements have reached the -Crawley band and the latest reports in dicate that eight men and two women now are entrenched in the Crawley home. Oregon Senator Is Given aMedal by A French General Washington. Jan. 13. (WASHINGTON BUREAU OF THE JOURNAWSena tor Chamberlain highly prizes a medal presented o him during the holidays by General L. Collardet, military at tache of the French high commission, with whose members the senator has conferred from time to time during the war. . The medal is dedicated to "Victory." with a figure of Liberty on one side and a wreath and bugle on the other. It is of solid ..bronze and artistically en graved, but without Inscription. With it General Collardet wrote: "With my best greetings, this medal of the Victory to one who did so much toward securing it" Abandoned Vessel Is Sighted at Sea Pensacola, Pla., Jan. 13. (I. N. a) Drifting somewhere in the Caribbean sea is a large, abandoned, cargo-laden French vessel.. The craft was sighted near Quito Suena reef by Captain Dahl of the Danish steamer Panama, which reached this port today from Iquique. Chile. The captain reports sighting the unidentified vessel, with anchor cast but no sign of life aboard. The sea was too rough for the Panama to approach nearer than a mile. Editor and Wife III , Boise, Idaho., Jan. 13. (U. PJ Guy Flenner, managing, editor of the Eve ning Capital News of Boise, is ill with pneumonia. , Mrs. Flenner is also ill with infjuenza. . . 1 -- -. Defendant Asserts He Was in His Apartment at Time Deputy Sheriff Was Murdered. Arguments to the jury in the Liard murder trial were begun before Circuit Judge Gantenbein at 2 o'clock this aft ernoon. Up to the conclusion of his cross ex amination by District Attorney Evans. Liard adhered closely to the story he had . told . previously on the stand, in which he asserted that he' was at home the night the murder was committed. Mrs. Jessie Little, a domestic in the employe of F. J. Cobbs, was called to the stand by the state in rebuttal. She identified Liard as the man who called at the Cobb residence between S :30 and 9:30 o'clock that evening. Liard was called to the stand by the defense im mediately after. He asserted that he had seen officers pointing him (Liard) out to Mrs. Little just before she went on the stand. - Controverting the statement of Au gusta Carlson, made on the stand, that at and about -the time of the murder she had on deposit in the bank from $100 to $150 which Liard used for his own and their joint purposes, the defense called Bookkeeper Brookings of the Ladd &. Tilton bank, who testified that at that time Miss Carlson had no money on de posit and that her account was over drawn. Explaining why he had misinformed detectives' regarding his whereabouts when questioned by them In front of the Benson Polytechnic school. Liard said he aid so for his own protection. He had a penitentiary record, he said, and that fact, he knew, would cause the officers to hold him guilty on the spot. JUDGE STAPLETON SURPRISED Presiding Judge Stapleton occupied h!s courtroom for the first time this morning eince Its renovation. A quiet surprise had been prepared by the court attaches. He found the vases filled with flowers flanking hre desk and, when proceeding to call the' docket. Attorney Harrison Allen came forward, osten sibly to answer a call, but instead made a felicitous speech, complimenting the judge and congratulating the members of the bar In having: a jurist for pre siding judge whom they could address in a friendly manner as "George," rather than in the more cold and formal way as "Judge." TWO COUPLES SEEK DIVORCES That his wife never combed her hair unless she was going to a dance is charged in the divorce suit begun by Ben Utter against Grace Utter in the cir cuit court this morning. They were mar ried in this city in February, 1917. He asks for the custody of a minor child. P. H. Greene made a practice of show ering affections on other women in his wife's presence for the purpose of hu miliating her and making her jealous, according to allegation made by Martha Greene, who seeks a divorce. They were married In Portland December 16, 191L. JURY DRAWN IN DAGAME CASE A jury to try the $15,000 damage 6uit of Irene Lawrence against the Portland Taxicab company and the Portland Rail way, Light $t Power company was drawn in Circuit Judge Morrow's court this morning, V v The plaintiff alleges that she was driv tnr about the city tn a taxi July 6 last, and that when crossing the Intersection f Sixth and Harrison streets, the taxi cab was struck by a street car, and knocked. 40 feet She suffered a severe fracture of, a leg, she alleges. She as serts negligence on the part of the taxi driver and that the street car was trav eling at a high and dangerous rate of speed. WELL KNOWN PERSONS OF CLACKAMAS COUNTY ARE CALLED BY DEATH Beaver Creek Pastor and Baker Bridge Pioneer Woman .Pass Away During Sunday. Emogene Patterson Wanted in Oentralia The chief of' police has been asked by the Sticklin Undertaking company ef Centralis, Wash., to locate Emogene Patterson, who i living in Portland. A' letter from the firm states that' her brother. Earnest Patterson, died in the Employes hospital on Friday and that no arrangements concerning the burial can be made until the sister Is located. Police officials have been unable to locate the sister. T . Dry Law Offenders Four men, picked up in various stages of intoxication early in the morning, constituted the principal . - part' of the work ' of the police Sunday. Harry Smith,' 45, -and C. C Collins, 17, were found at Second and Burnslde streets at 12:50 a. m.. nd Robert Hanks. and A. K. Love. 52, Were arrested in the business part of the city shortly after. Umatilla Soldier , Keported Wounded Pendleton, Jan. 13. J. S. Noryall. of Helix Is In receipt of a telegram from the war department, stating his son, Letchers C. Norvall, was seriously wounded in action on November 1L As letters have been received from the young soldier, telling how the Germans came from the trenches to Join the re joicings of the Americans at the signing pf the armistice on November IL his relatives here, think there ts some mis take la the message. Captain Caldwell Alive Pendleton, Jan. IS. Captain Lee Cald well. Pendleton man who was at the head of the cavalry' troop from this place, and who was unofficially reported here as having been killed, was well and safe oa November 2, for on that date he wrote a letter to his mother. . Word from the war department also gives assur ance that the rumor concerning the Pendleton than was entirely without foundation. . Montreal Visited By $1,000,000 Fire Montreal-Que., - Jan. 13. A fire, be lieved to be of Incendiary origin, which started Sunday In the plant of the Jen nings Automobile company and spread to the baildlngs of tnp Hudson Bay com pany and the McClary Manufacturing company, caused damage estimated at 11,000.000. One hundred and fifty; auto mobiles and autotrucks and eight mili tary ambulances were destroyed tn the blase. . Discharged employes of the Jen nings plant made . threats some days ago which caused the concern to ask for a military guard. The request was refused by the authorities.' Oregon City, Jan. 13. Three deaths were recorded in Oregon City Sunday. Rev. William F. Vogt. pastor of St. Peters German Congregational church at Beaver Creek, died, following a par alytic stroke. He was bom in Germany 55 years ago. He had been pastor of St. Peters church for nine years. Besides his widow, one daughter, Miss Irene, a teacher in the Hillsboro schools, survives him. Funeral services will be conduct ed Tuesday at' 12 o'clock, noon, from the home. Rev. J." J. Hopp of Portland will conduct a service in German and Rev. Herbert G. Crocker of Oregon City will epeak in English- Interment will be in the cemetery at the church. "Grandma" Carr, 87 years old, a pio of the Bakers Bridge community. died Sunday afternoon from a paralytic stroke. She leaves a son ana otner relatives. Funeral services will prob ably be conducted Tuesday afternoon at 1 o'clock from the home. Th. hnrHes of both Rev. Mr. Vogt and "Grandma" Carr are at the undertaking parlors of Holman & Pace. Mrs. Ona Navallnskieue, wife of Paul Navalinskleue, died Sunday morning at her home, 302 Third and John Adams streets, of influenza. Her husband and three children survive her. She was 37 years old and born in Rus sia, and had resided in Oregon City several years. Funeral services will be conducted either Tuesday or Wednesday from St. Johns Catholic church. The body is at E. A. Brady's undertak ing parlors. Editor 011 Trial in Columbia County For Alleged Libel St Helens. Jan. 13. Ham Kautzman. publisher and editor of the Columbia uraiH la on trial in the circuit court. Twenty-one indictments alleging libel ous and obscese utterances in nis paper face the editor. The regular jury panel was exhausted and a special venire summoned. Sheriff Stanwood was ex cused from summoning the Jury on ac count of his being one of the persons libeled. Craft Charge Dropped San Francisco, Jan. 13. (U. P.) Fed eral charges against O. P. Stidger, most prominent defendant in. the Angel island graft scandal, were dismissed to day for lack of evidence. The charges were dismissed because J, B. Densmore did not return to testify against Stidger. SPANISH INFLUENZA JUST GRIP CAMOUFLAGED UNDER A NEW NAME Most Authorities Now Agree That This Disease Is Simply the Old-Fashioned. Grip, the Same That Has Swept Over the World Times Without Number. Since 1831 the United States Has Had Five Epidemics. The Last Epidemic in 1889-90 Came From Russia by Way of France and Was Given a French Name, La Grippe. This Time It Comes By Way of Spain. , . -. ORIGFNT OF THE DISEASH . Spanish Influenza which appeared in Spain in May, has swept over the world In numerous epidemics as far back -as history runs. Hippocrates refers to an epidemic in 412 B. C, which is re garded by many to have been influensa. Kvery century has had its attacks. Be ginning with 1831. this i-ountry has had five epidemics, the last in l8S-30. THE SYMPTOMS Grip, or influenza, as it Is now called, usually begins with a chill followed by aching, feverlshness and sometimes nausea and dizziness, and a general feeling of weakness and depression. The temperature is from 100 to 104, and the fever usually lasts from three to five days. The germs attack the mu cous membrane, or lining o? the air pas sages nose, throat and bronchial tubes there is usually a hard cough, es- Decially bad at night, often times a sore throat or tonsllltis, and frequently all the appearances of a severe head cold. THE TREATMENT Go to bed at the first symptoms take a' oureatlve. eat plenty of nourish ing food, remain perfectly quiet and don't worry. Nature herself is the nly cure" for influenza and will throw off the attack if only you conserve your strength. A little Quinine. Aspirin or trover's Powder may be given by the physician's directions to allay the aeh in. Always call a doctor, since the chief danger of grip is In its weaken ing effects on the system, which al lows complications to aeveiop. intso are chiefly pneumonia and bronchitis, sometimes inflammation Of the middle ear. or heart affections. For these reasons. It lsvery Important that the patient remain In bed until bis strength returns stay in bed at least two days or .more after the fever has left you, or if you are over 60 or not strong, stay In bed four days or more, accord ing to the severity of the attack. N EXTBUNAL' APPLICATIONS i In order to stimulate the lining of the air passages to throw off the grip germs, to aid in - loosening the phlegm and keeping the air passages open, thus making v the breathing easier, Vick's Vairaltub will be round effective. Hot. wet towels should be applied over the- Uiroat. chest , and back between, the shoulder blades to open the pores. Then VapoRub should be rubbed in over the parts until the skin is red, spread on thickly and covered with two thicknesses of hot flannel cloths. Leave the cloth ing loose around the neck as the. heat of the body liberates the Ingredients in the form of vapors. These vapors, in haled with each breath, carry the medi cation directly to the parts affected. At the same time, VapoRub Is absorbed through and stimulates the skin, at tracting the blood to the surface, and thus aids In relieving the congestion within. NO OCCASION FOR PANIC There is no occasion for panic In fluenza or grip has a very low percent age of fatalities not over one death out of every four hundred cases, according to the N. C Board of Health. The chief danger lies in complications arising, attacking principally patients In a run down condition those who don't go to bed soon enough, or those who get up too , early, HOW TO AVOID THE DISEASE Evidence seems to prove that this Is a germ disease, spread principally by human contact, chiefly through cough ing, sneezing or spitting. So avoid persons having colds which means avoiding crowds common drinking cups, roller towels, etc. Keep up your bodily strength by plenty of exercise in the , KEEP FREE FROM COLDS Above all, avoid colds, as colds Irri tate the lining of the ir passages and render them much better breeding places for the germs. Use Vick's VapoRub at the very first sign of a cold. For a head Void, melt a little VapoRub in the spoon and In hale the vapors, or better still, use VapoRub in a benzoin steffhvjcettle. If this is not available, use an ordinary tea-kettle. Fill half full of boiling water. put in half a teaspoon ful of VapoRub from time to time keep the kettle Just slowly boiling and inhale the steam arising. JfOTE Vick's VapoRub Is the dis covery of a North Carolina druggist, who found how to combines in salve form. Menthol and Camphor with such volatile oils as Eucalyptus, Thyme Cubebs, etc.. so that when the salve Is applied to the body heat, these ingredi ents are liberated in the form of vapors. VapoRub can be had In three sizes at all druggists. While company tively new in certain parts of the North, it Is the standard home remedy In the South and West for all forms of cold troubles over six million jars were sold last year. VapoRub Is particularly recommended for children's . croup or colds, as it la external) applied and can, therefore, be used freely and often without the slidtateat harmful effects. Ad, - ' w BOLSHEVISM COME WITH NATIONAL PR0H51BITI0N? . Is Bolshevism on the way to America? Its agents are already here; The Massachusetts Chamber of Commerce has just called a meet ing to raise $75,000 to fight this damnable curse that is surging across Europe. It can't be fought with money. The only human forces that can stop it and keep America safe are toleration and intelligence. v . 1 Petrograd is in chaos. Berlin recently one of the best governed cities in the world is now a political madhouse. Intolerance and indif ference to the wishes of the people have brought about these conditions. The Massachusetts Chamber of Commerce only recognizes the danger. They didn't knownvhere or how to fight it. National Prohibition will compel a spy system similar to that of thV overthrown Czar and the Kaiser. A business now Ygulated by license and in the hands of law-abiding citizens will be turned over to an army of law-defying bootleggers and owners of kitchen bar-rooms. The na tional prohibition leaders admit this to be so, and ajre already organiz ing a SPY BUREAU to aid the government's secret service officials. BOLSHEVISM MEANS CONFISCATION OF ALL PROPERTY LICENSED IMMORALITY THE ELEVATION OF IGNORANCE REDUCTION OF WAGES UNSTABLE LAWS. The BOLSHEVIST has no respect for laws. He uses every restraining' law as an argument against ALL LAW. National prohibition, unfortunately the most drasr tic assault upon personal freedom ever contemplated under a republican form of government, will be the best excuse that can be offered to stir i up strife among the people. ; V 9 IF YOU WILL GIVE IT ONE MOMENT'S SERIOUS THOUGHT YOU WILL REALIZE THIS IS SO. You don't have to be a drinking man to be against national prohibi tion. FORMER PRESIDENT TAFT A TOTAL ABSTAINER BUT A MAN OF DEEP MORAL CONVICTION AND A STERLING AMER - ICAN PATRIOT IS IRREVOCABLY OPPOSED TO NATIONAL1 PROHIBITION. We will maif you a copy of his full opinionrecently expressed if you will send for it. We ask"every citizen, whether a prohibitionist or not totafabstain- ers or men who indulge temperately in ales, wines, beers or distilled products every mother and father who is sick of strife, terror, Iwar and compulsory restraining orders on personal habits every patriotic man who owns a Liberty bond or a piece of real estate or personal property, to write, telegraph, telephone or personally interview his or her state leg islator, senator, representative or assemblyman and say that YOU WANT HIM TO WORK AND VOTE AGAINST THE RATIFICA TION OF THE NATIONAL PROHIBITION AMENDMENT. In this way you will be doing your.h i g h e sit duty to your country. DO IT TODAY TOMORROW MAY BE TOO LATE! .'. THIS ADVERTISEMENT IS ISSUED BY THE . - Association Opposed to National Prohibition 334 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK' CITY I Please send us your name if you are opposed to national prohibition.- Fee: All rs34 in ant vmir moral auhhnrt ax a citizen. (Paid Advertisement) t -i " ' T.