The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972, February 21, 1915, Image 39

The Oregon daily journal., February 21, 1915, Page 39, Image 39

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Newspaper Page Text- THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND, SUNDAY. MORNING, FEBRUARY 21. 1915. 0 WAR'S MEANING TO WOMEN OF FRANCE FRENCH RECRUITS SEE BATTLEFIELDS NEWS FROM FOREIGN CAPITALS ITALY AND THE POPE IN AGREEMENT KIPLING "STUPEFIED" BY GERMANS WHAT WAR MEANS TO WOMEN TOLD BY MAN WHO HAS SEN THEM 'Henry VTood, United Press Staff Correspondent, Visits Typical French Fireside. WIDOWS LIVING ON HOPE Look Into the Future, Wot Knowing What Hu or What Will Happen. By Henry Wood. Paris, Feb. 6. (By mail to New YbrU). I have Just visited a French home, a French fireside as It were. I those It at random, and It happened to be an apartment at No. 54 Rue Pierre Charron, in the well-to-do quarter Just off the Avenue des Champs Ely rees. I wanted to know what the war meant to a French home, to those who wait behind. And I found out. At - this particular home, several women have gathered about the fire side wince the war began. Ties of common loss, of common need, of com mon wailing now bind them closely together. One of them is a young French woman of 25. Jier husband joined the colors at the very first call. He fell in battle September! 9. Her three-year-old daughter doesn't know yet that her father is dead. ..Widows Idvlng on Hop. They have no Immediate means of support, but they have two hopes. The government has promised that event ually all shall have pensions. When the war is over and the tourists begin returning to Paris, the young widow thinks siie can also teach French, as she knows Knglish- It Is rnerely in the meantime that the situation is dif ficult. She is confident If she can tide-It over that she will win out. A second woman about this fireside Is English. Her husband was a French officer and promptly answered the call to arms. That he is dead there can be no reasonable doubt. She has not heard from him for three months, but the few surviving men of his com pany got together and wrote to her telling how bravely he fell. Still, the little brass tag which he weer about his neck, and which bore the number that would establish his . Jndentitjv has never been turned in to the government. Without that. It Is Impossible for the government offi cially to Inform her that he is dead. Until he Is officially declared dead she has the right to hope he may stJU be alive. Seldom Speaks aad Hever Smiles. She is still young but within the past few weeks her hair in front has begun to turn array, then white; She seldom speaks and she never smiles: She merely lives in the hope they will find it- the little brass tag and In . the hope that they won't. A "third woman of the little family circle is French, but her husband Is a major in the United States army. "When the war broke out they were visiting her girlhood home In a little ' town east of Verdun. One day the town filled with French soldiers and German aeroplanes . began flying over It. But as there were no newspapers no one dreamed that It meant waror , even that the aeroplanes might drop bombs. All of the villagers merely watched them curiously. Then suddenly, her husband, as an American army officer, was ordered by the French to leave at once. He did so, sending a note to his wife to fol low. As yet no one knew that It was war. She feared however, that the presence of so many French soldiers might shorten the food supply, so she tocked her mother's cottage fully and left.. r Tate of Mother Unknown. The next day the French evacuated the town and the fate of her mother . she has never since been able to as certain. Through the combined ef forts of .the French government and the American embassies, both at Paris and Berlin, the did get a little infor mation. When the French evacuated the town, the aged mother refused to flee. She had been there during the war of 1870 and she could imagine nothing now that might be worse. The two last French soldiers to leave the town picked her up and carried her across the river. The bridge had already been blown up by the retreating French. On the opposite bank they Bat her down, and no trace of her has ever since been found. These women told me their stories quite simply, not to enlist my sym pathy but to let me know what the war really means to -France. They told me quite frankly that their stor ies were the stories of 3,000,000 other women In France today. The Allies May Pool Their War Finances British, Russian and French Ministers Beach Agreement in Paris on Plan -t or Raising Money. Paris. Feb. 20;--The following offi cial statement has been Issued here "The finance ministers of Great Britain, France and Russia have met In Paris to examine Into financial ques tions growing out of the war. It is stated that the three powers resolved to unite their financial as well as their military resources to carry on the war to victory. "With that Idea they decided to pro pose to their respective governments that 'they share equally In the ad vances nlade or to be made to the countries which are now fighting -with them, or which might be disposed to take the field shortly for the common cause. A dispatch from Paris January 22 said: that David Lloyd-George, chan cellor of the British exchequer, and Alexandre Rlbot and P. Bark, respec tively the French and Russian minis ters of finance, were preparing for a meeting In the French capital to con aider a Joint loan of 15,000,000,000 francs 3,000,000,000. Greece ' Preparing to Mobilize. Iondon. Feb. 20. A wireless dis patch " from Berlin says the Berliner TageblaJt reports from Constantinople that Greece- is industriously making mobilization preparations and continu ing the fortification of her frontiers. Fish Food Is Urged Upon Dutch People Government Opens Shops and Sells at Cost Price, Also Using- Itinerant Venders in Amsterdam. Amsterdam, Feb. Z J. To indulge the people to make a more general use of fish food, the Dutch government has opened 40 shops in the densely popu lated quarters of the city, where fried fish is sold at cost price. The shops are affiliated with the government central bureau for the sale of fishery products. The authorities also send itinerant venders of uncooked fish through the streets of Amsterdam to sell their wares. The government ven ders are distinguishable by an orange band around the arm and their open handcarts bear a painted orange board on which In black letters are the name of the bureau and the price of the fish. People in Termonde, Belgium, anx ious to save their children from star vation, are begging the Leyden Roman Catholic relief committee for the hous ing of fugitive Belgians to have the little ones brought to the Dutch city and cared for there. The conditions In Termonde are said to be indescribable. The kindly and wealthy Franz van Schoor has taken all the children of Termonde and the neighboring town, St. Giles, under his protection until they can be sent to Holland. The Leyden organization Is prepar ing to house the little refugees in pri vate families and Catholic institutions. Dr. E. Vervier.?, the secretary, who will have charge of the children, will also visit Louvain and surrounding places where great distress prevails and many little ones need succor. He says that conditions in Belgium are getting worse every day, and that Holland must be prepared to support the suf fering people of the Sister nation to the utmoit of its powers. Cholera Is Feared In Western Europe Medical Men Tear That Disease Will Appear In Prance and Belgium When Spring Thaws Come. London. Feb. 2'fl. It is only a mat ter of time, in the opinion of physi cians who have visited thebattle front in France and Belgium, when cholera will make its appearance among the armies in western Europe and per haps across the channel into England. The men fighting in the east, not ably the Austrians, have suffered from cholera more or less epidemic, throughout the campaign, but so far as is now known there have been no cases in the west. But with the coming of the spring thaw in France and Belgium the thousands of dead lying in shallow graves will render a vast field of operations highly unsanitary, menac ing the health of those whose powers of resistance have been broken down or weakened by the strain of un wholesome trench warfare. Moreover the Germans have from time to time shifted forces from east to west, and vice versa. In view of this it will be surprising if cholera does not follow these shifts. The Germans have been criticised for burning their dead: but even Eng lish physicians are now Inclined to admit that this after all Is the most humane method. In thaa body once incinerated Is no longer a menace to the living. Presumably the French arid British authorities are doing all In their power to forestall a cholera epidemic; but they have not inoculated the troops as the Germans have done in th east. Canadian Troops Die of Exposure Climate of England Said to Be Fast Killing Off the Men Sent Across the Atlantic London, Feb. 20. The Canadian contingent training at Salisbury Plain has suffered most severely as a result of exposure and change of climate, and the men, according to reports, are dy ing at an alarming rate. "Of 30.000 men," says the World, i London weekly publication, "it Is said that the Canadian contingent has lo.st 500. who have died in consequence of their wicked exposure to the weather. "A whole battalion ia suffering from meningitis. Seventy per cent of the horses have mud fever, and the artil lery column, when ordered to go to Lavington for maneuver exercises, had to send word that they had no horses for the ammunition wagons. "The Canadian commanding officer wanted the men billeted long before the sickness became rampant, and the villages around were delighted to housy them and their horses. The war office approved, and then a member of the government stopped it" Bread in England Is Up 50 Per Cent President of Master Bakers' Protective Society Fats Blame on Wheat Gam bling and Freight Bates. London, Feb. 20. While English newspapers continue to print articles tending to show that Germany is suf fering from food shortage, the abrupt Increase In food prices in Great Bri tain grows more serious, and the labor element threatens to bring the matter before Parliament. Bread has increased 50 per cent in price to the consumer. J. C. M. Kers lake, president of the Master Bakers' Protective society, places the respon sibility primarily at the door of spec ulators. "Wheat gambling and in creased freight rates, ' he says, "are the chief causes, although the in creased cost of yeast, higher wages to I bakery workers and the increased cost of fodder have been contributing fac tors." When asked about increased freight charges, ship owners say: "The sup ply of ships is not equal to the de mand."' Longer and less direct voy ages made necessary by the war have bad a marked effect on freight rates. FRENCH HELPED AT SUEZ Paris, Feb. 30. The ministry of ma rine has Issued the following state ment: "The French warships Requin and D'Entrecasteaux contributed effec tively to the defense of the Suez canal against the attacks by the Turkish army on February 3. The Requin si lenced the enemy's heavy artillery, anl D'Entrecasteaux scattered large bodies of the attacking troops. There was no loss on either ship." . : ' . j : - ' -rv' '"'Zz? yws mmmx ii m i A,-"- f.r -a.fli. .inn i. i 6' . m iii ii m-mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmrmmmmtmmmmrmmtmm ' it I'lictograpbi Copyright, 1015, by Tbe Interuntioual Newt Serrtoe. Top The British flagship Lion racing into action against the German fleet in the North Sea January 24, in which the German battle cruiser Bleucher was sunk with the loss of 762 lives. This photograph of the Lion, which carried Admiral Beatty, fleet commander, was taken from the deck of another British war vessel. Botton The significance of Admiral Beatty's restrained phrase "The Bleucher was now in a critical condition," is vividly illustrated by this remarkable photograph taken from the deck of a British' warship during the sea fight. A British destroyer is seen hovering round the Btricken German cruiser, battered out of all sem blance to an efficient fighting unit, and with flames pouring up from amidships, shortly before she keeled over and plunged beneath, the waves. RECRUITS ARE TAKEN WHERE THEY CAN SEE ACTUAL BATTLEFIELD French Soldiers Trained With a Thoroughness Not Pos sible irv Times of Peace. (By the International Itews Serrlce.) Paris, Feb. 20.r-The recruits of the 1915 and 1916 classes have been trained with a thoroughness not possible in time of peace, because they could be shown actual battlefields. In order to fit the men for service In the field, they have been taken in detachments to the front to observe the conditions which prevail there! They dtudy the trenches, and are given practice in being transported from point to point as they will be In actual warfare. Belonged to Military Societies. The men of the 1915 and 1916 drafts in the department of the Seins be longed mostly to 367 military societies, and through these General Gallienl worked, because regular mobilization had been disorganized. He ordered a trial march, including a trip to the field of battle north of the Meaux. Here they made a study of French and German trenches, and themselves dug trenches with the most modern imple ments. There were lfiOO young fellows in a party I observed. They left for the Meaux by military train from Paris in the morning and returned from the east the following day. The entrain ing and transportation were strictly in conformity with military regulations. Upon their arrival at Meaux the men. were divided Into five groups, and each was guided by an officer of the gen eral staff under General Chapel, com mander of the district, for a visit to the captured German trenches between Varreddea and Gue-a Tresmes. Becralts Visit Battlefields. After a cold luncheon at Verreddes, a column was formed for a visit to the. j field of battle, and tbe men were told by the officers of the recent successes gained at this point by the French sol diers. The return was made by way of Pan chard, on the Meaux, where an en campment was made. The following morning the party left the Meaux and made intrenchments "Under the direc tion of active officers. This work done, the 1600 young men, forming In marching columns, returned to Paris. Perfect discipline was maintained throughout the whole march. This was made easy because of the enthusi asm of the boy soldiers. General Gal lienl, who has since gone to Alsace, was present in person to inspire his men. Ready to Fight for Her Food Supplies Swiss Minister to Italy Makes an Im portant Statement Concerning sis Country's Attitude Toward Heighbors Geneva, Pa., Feb. 20. The new Swiss minister to Italy, M. de Planta, has made an important statement to the Rome papers, in which he says Swit zerland is ready to fight for her food neutrality. M. de Planta said: "Our national organization is essen tially defensive, and the neutrality which we have always observed can not be broken, except In three cases: (1) The violation of this neutrality by a third party: (2) an attempt on our territorial Integrity, and (2) a threat to starve us .by preventing food from crossing our frontiers." This Is the first time a Swiss in his official capacity has said that Swit zerland would consider th-stoppage of food supplies a casus belli.' Swiss pa pers strongly uphold him. . Ag"""; ", ....mi. .. jk y- j -Mtoxr , ,imr4sneirr jra,sit&?y- , . r ' fdl? ; I i mi i).-1 .uu ,i ,i rniii ;iiiviiiiiiiiii n .WMMillim Germany Is Buying Gold in the Orient Said to Be Getting Supply of the Con traband Article in Siberia and Worth em Manchuria Petrograd, Feb. 20. In its desperate endeavors to obtain a supply of gold, the German empire is reported to be buying contraband gold from eastern Siberia, Sakhalin and the province of Klrln, In northern Manchuria. There is a powerful organization of gold smugglers in those regions, and the German agents are well supplied with money. Up to December 1 It is said that they had succeeded In sending more than half a ton of gold to Ger many. The agitation for the abolition of the restriction against Jews is growing throughout Russia. Until recently It was confined chiefly to intellectual circles and a few municipalities. Now the zemstvo of Smolensk province has adopted unanimously a resolution to be sent to the Russian government and the czar, urging the removal of the re strictions on the ground that it is shameful r Russia to oppress and humiliate the Jews, who axe fighting side by side, with the rest of the Rus sian people against the enemy. There is hope that other zemstvos will join in the protest. m i King Gets Cigars In $127.500 Box England's Baler Presented With 850 "Smokes' in a Container Costing the Czar a Small Fortune. London, Feb. 20. The Russian min ister of finance, M. Bark, in the course of his visit to England, presented to King George 250 cigars In a gold box ordered in Paris a month ago at a cost said to have been $127,500, presumably a gift from the czar. The sides of the box are half an inch thick and the top and sides are ornamented With the flags of England, Russia, France, Bel gium and Serbia, worked in precious stones. When M. Bark gave the box to the king, his majesty, after thanking the Russian finance minister, turned to his private secretary, Lord Stamfordham, and said, with a smile: "How well the Stars and Stripes would look among these flags!" Allies Planning to Gain German Trade English and French Will Send a Com mercial Expedition to South Amer ican Countries ia April. London, Feb. 20. Aggressive steps toward capturing German trade will be made early in April, when 150 leaders of industry in England and France will proceed on a commercial mission to South America, taking with them large numbers of samples. A French vessel has been chartered to sail from Southampton, and tbe trip will last 90 days. One of the party said: "It is no good going out and telling people we can give them as good articles as those made by the Germans; we want to show them the goods. Chambers of commerce and municipalities In South America will be interviewed. We have had applications from all sorts of industries for repre sentatives to be sent on this, voyage, and even had an inquiry about starting a new line of freight steamers. "NEVER FORGET"" LEAGUE London, Feb. 20. Ixmdon has organ ized the "Never Forget league. Its purpose is to aid soldiers and sailors who find themselves out of employ ment when the war is over. Thirty thousand leaflets of the organization have been distributed, and 15.000 per sons already have promised to wear the purple ribbon of the league, bind ing themselves to support the men who return from the front just as loyally as they are supporting them now. immmmmmmmmmmmmtmmmtm.H.iMn. .1 1 .j-wiim m .1 SERVIA IS PREPARING TO MEET THIRD ARMY TO ATTEMPT INVASION Troops Gathered to Fight to Last Against 400,000 Men Massed on Border, Nlsh, Servla, Feb. 20. Still bleeding from their earlier wounds, the rem nants of Servla's little war-wrecked army are gathering for a heroic de fense of their native soil. Austro-German ' forces numbering 400,000 are massed on the northern frontier, preparing for a third inva sion of Servia. What is left of the Servian armies is determined to die. If necessary, to throw back the Invaders and savo the nation from foreign dom ination. M. Paghltch, prime minister of Ser via, and minister of foreign affairs, drew this picture today for the people of America, in an exclusive Interview, granted the United Press. He asked no help from other nations, he said. "If other nations offer help, we will gratefully accept it." said the premier, "but fighting as we are for our own liberty, we feel entitled to the sym pathy and moral support of all fair minded, nations, such as I know Jhe United States incontestably to be. "Our entire male population, now gathered together, will die to the last man in preference to foreiprn domina tion," continued M. Paghltch: "While we are fighting primarily for our na tional liberty. I am Justified In adding that we are also playing Our role in the struggle of other nations whose liberty is imperiled In the present war. "German domination an Austro German victory would mean militar ization of Europe for at least a cen tury. We cannot think for one single moment that the democratic American people would sympathize with this ten dency toward world domination. What a return to barbarism this Teutonic domination would be. one can gather from the atrocities committed in Ser via by the armies of Franz Josef.They are without precedent, either In this war or In the past." Great Britain Won't Outlaw the Airmen Russia's Proposal to Treat as Pirates Men Who rrop Bombs on Unfortified Towns Xs jafiijected. London, Feb. 20. The announcement that Russia would treat as pirates the men who shelled unfortified towns has been received with great Interest In England. A prominent official, however, said today that Russia's action would .prob ably not be followed here. Ha pointed out that aviators act under orders from the military authorities, and it would be difficult for a court to fix the responsibility for the killing by a bomb upon a certain individual. . The official opinion in England fas that a court would discharge sny cap tured airman who came to trial under the ordinary criminal procedure. Declares Prisoners Will Starve First Germany's 600,000 War Captives, Says the Cologne Gazette, Certain to Suf fer IX Pood Buns Short. Amsterdam, Feb. 20. Tn a copy of the "Cologne Gazette, which has been received here, is an article dealing with Great Britain's plan to cut off food supplies from Germany. He says: "Prisoners of war must starve first. We have 600,000 prisoners, and the parts o? Belgium and France, we oc cupy contain 11.000.009 people. If it comes to starving, the subjects of hos tile countries will suffer first,".- ...... . I) J mi j . .1 i,n.lii.ni)iui . Bw ,1 if . ' End of Portuguese Republic Expected Only the War, It Xs Declared, BLa.s Bared Popular Government Up to This Time. Lisbon, Feb. 20. Nothing but the European war has saved the republic of Portugal, if it can be considered to be saved. The royalists, as well as the other opponents of the democrats, who have been in power since the revolution, have held back owing to the European situation, but, even so, political differ ences during the last few weeks at tained extreme bitterness. The government, which has just re signed, owed its existence to an in trigue intended to secure the elections for the democrats. Unfortunately for the government, but foreunately for the dignity of Portugal, the army found Itself unable to support the in terference of the denaoeyats in military matters, and demanded the fall of the government- ' -' v This demand has now been obeyed, the change of governments being none theless due to a military coup d'etat because a few officers were arrested and a few days were allowed to inter vene before the ministry resigned. That the army thus asserted itself cannot be a good omen for the future f of the republic, since the army is known to be not practically republican. It is to be hoped, although experi ence belles the hope, that a stable gov ernment will now be formed, with which the allies of Portugal may be i able to co-operate satisfactorily. Oth j erwlse one can only echo the last words written by the editor, Nacjuo-. before his newspaper was suppressed: "God. have pity on this unfortunate country!" Young Duchess Is a Volunteer Prisoner Luxemburg's Ruler Receives XAlser Coldly, and Refuses to Quit Palace to Avoid Meeting Germans. Geneva, Feb. 20. Since the viola tion of Luxemburg by the Germans the I gran a aucnese, who is young ana pret ty, and has a will of her own, has re fused to leave her palace, so as not to meet German officers and men In the f streets of her capital She has been visited on several occasions by the kaiser, whom she has received cour teously, but coldly. "On the kaiser's birthday," writes a Swiss lady connected with the court," a large automobile drove up to the pal ace early In the morning, and a high officer. General C, explained to the duchess that he had been sent by the kaiser to ask her to visit him on bis birthday. "The duchess refused the royal com mand, and when the surprised offioer asked for verbatim message, the duchess said she preferred to remain with her people in her palace prison in Luxemburg. At the same time she sent kind wishes to the kaiser for his birthday." TURKEY MAY SEEK PEACE Bucharest. Feb. 20. Abdul Harold, tbe deposed sultan of Turkey, has been consulted by the Young Turks regard ing the situation. He advised the Young Turks to conclude peace, espe cially If the Franco-British fleet were able to force the Dardanelles, which the ex-sultan thought quite possible. The Germans are suspicious of the Turks, and fear that they may make only feeble attempts to defend ths Dardanelles, so as to have an excuse to ask for peace. if-. m Turks Commaixlier Cats. Cairo. Egypt, Feb. 20. The Turkish authorities have Issued orders for the commandeering of several hundred cats in Syria. They are needed to pro tect the vast stores of grain and pro visions in the military depots from the incursion of mice and rats. In Denmark, Germany, Holland, Sweden. Switzerland and the United Kingdom, the percentage of 'illiteracy is smaller than among the whites of the United States. 41 ST- " ' re77im rwn 11 1 MJMM 11 . '4 -" 'NATION IN A FRENZY' IS Writes Friend That He Is "Stupefied" by an "Incom prehensible Civilization." Parts, Feb. 10. The Temps erlnts two letters from Rudyard Klppllng to a Frencn friend. The first is dated Oc tober 25, and the other January 1. The first letter refers to the gratify ing unity between the French and Eng lish, and there Js an expression of con fidence that the new English armies are likely to prove better than the Ger man, because, "In the burly-burly of a war like this, even half-corrupt. In competent democracies can do better than a great, perfect machine, all of whose details are minutely provided, but which remains a machine." A Ration In s Prensy. Regarding German psychology, the writer says: "I am stupifled. I never could have imagined a nation in a frenzy. It is a race of women. To me theirs is an In comprehensible civilization. I cannot Imagine what tbe German Idea' is driving ati unless it be a parade march through a series of halls philosophical ly constructed for purposes of self adoration. "The Arabs used to offer the choice between Islam and the saber. The Germans have only the saber for their whole philosophy. As you say, it Is the problem of tha mad dog. I can only foresee the animal's death, prob ably from cerebral congestion." Mr. Kipling refuses to accept the prevailing British view that the war will last three years, saying: "I cannot believe it, because It would mean more fire than fuel to supply it. Besides, 1 ask how long the Germans will resist when the struggle is on their-territory? Their military opera tions against' the civilian population are simply so marked by strains of sadism that I hardly see them resist lng roughlsh treatment in their own home. The style of their leading news papers confirms this opinion. It is not the way a great people express ideas." Discusses th Censorship. The second letter contains a curious reference to the effect of the censor ship. Mr. Kipling says: "Remember that the press is a stim ulant of which our two peoples have contracted the habit. Therefore, when the governments suppressed "news' the effect was comparable- to the Rus sian prohibition of' vodka. We miss a sUmuda. We read Information in neu tral newspapers as a drunkard under treatment buys eau de cologne or spir its of wine at a drug store. Naturally. It doesn't suit us." Mr. KipUng renews his assurance of confidence as to the new English ar mies. After complimenting the reelp lent of the letter on the admirable be havior of the French he refers to the non-combatants, saying: "We are now like ruflnere". between two efforts. As we English say, 'We are suffering from stitch'," RUSSIAN GIRL A WARRIOR Moscow, Ruesia (Via Petrograd and, London, Feb. 20. Among the wound ed who have arrived in Moscow from the front is Olga Ktaeitnfkiof f. a girl 19 years old. She had enlisted under a man s name and after taking part in 19 battles in Poland, was wounded fu the foot. Then her deception was discovered- iThe cross of St. . George, fourth degree, has been awarded to her- gW New German War Ixnui. Berlin, Feb. 20. According to the Overseas News Agency, a second Ger man war loan probably will be Issued at the beginning of March and on fa. vorable terms, as Aha condition of the money mrket Is exceptionally good. KIPLING'S OPINION REGARD ING GERMANS SHOULD ITALY GO TO- WAR CONFLICT WOULD NVOLVE THE VATICAN Government and the " Pope Reach Agreement for Re call of Papal Envoys. - PRELATES TO BE NAMED To Be Attached to the German sad Austrian Missions While ths War Lasts. Rome, Feb. 20. The law of" guaran tieswhich regulates Juridically the re lations between the kingdom of Italy and the Vatican, does not contemplate the case of Italy being at war 'with, an-" other nation. This law guarantees ths Inviolability of the pope, tbe extrater- rltorlallty of his residence and receg- ' nizes the pope's sovereign rights of having foreign diplomatists accredited to the holy see in Kotne, and of freely corresponding by telegraph or letter with blHhopH and foreign governments . throughout the world. Since the occupation of Rome in 1870 y ' the law of guaranties, although not Of ficially accepted by four successive . ' popes, has been obwefved by the Italian government, and the privileges accord ed to the pontiff have never been vio- . lated pr even, threatened. During this -period Italy has never been at war with any nation diplomatically repre- sented at the Vatican. War Would Involve Vatican. ' Supposing, however, that Italy de- clared war on Germany and Austria and joined the allies in the great war, complications with the Vatican in con nection with the presence In Rome of the Austrian ambassador and the Prus sian and Bavarian ministers accredited to the holy seo and with the pope's cor-"', respondence to and from the two coun tries at war with. Italy would be in evi table. If tho Italian government were to expel any particular diplomat ists accredited to the holy see, or to extend military censorship over. the pope's correspondence, then the law of .: guaranties would be violated, while, on the other hand, tho observance Of the law would be detrimental to Italy's in tereats, as the enemy's diplomatic rep- : resentatlves allowed to remain in Rome and the unlimited use ef the so. called telegraphic and epistolar priv-" lieges would practically amount to sanctioning espionage Agreement with Pops Beached A way out of this difficulty has, SC cordingly, been found, and, strangely enough, a secret understanding has been reached betweeu the aVtlcan and the Italian government Th pops, in case Italy declares war- against any . power, will ask the sovereign or ruler of that power to recall provisionally his diplomatic representatives accred ited to the holy sea The pope's request will be based on reasons of opportun lty, since the - incongruity of a nation being at war .with another and still al lowing its representatives to. reside la the enemy's country is obvious; ths. more so since the pope cannot insure the personal safety of such representa tives Prelates to Beplaoe Xnvoys . Once the diplomatists are recalled' their functions will be assumed by a prelate attached to each mission and known as the auditor of the rota- As a member of the papal court this prelate enjoys Immunity, and by acting as a sort of charge d'affaires, the relations between the holy see and the foreign country he represents will not be in terrupted The Italian government will exceptionally allow this prelate to communicate by wire or letter with his government on the assumption that his correspondence will exclusively relate to spiritual matters The difficulty has thus been satisfactorily solved. In pre. vision of Italy's Intervention against " Germany and Austria U. S. Ships Might . Save the , Britons m. London Bally Haws Points Out Pos sible Effect of German SabmSrlns Balds on BBglXsh Vessel. London, Feb, 20. Raids by German submarines on British commerce might make a United States merchant marine valuable to Great Britain as a means of supplying food, is the opinion of ths Dally News, which prints an editorial Justifying President Wilson's attitude ron the ship purchase bill now before congress. - - Ths paper says this "unprecedented development of state, socialism" Is the only means whereby the United States' can recover Its place in th world of shipping. Tbe editorial sets forth thjt in ths present war th-ubmaiin has become It serious menace to England's food supply, and in any, future war will dominate ber position' unless In the meantime science should disoover some efective means of defense. "Should it then threaten our ship ping with destruction and ourselves with starvation," says the Daily News, 1 "it will not be an unimportant fact that a great neutral country, possess-' lng a mercantile marine of it own, cat send its ships Into our ports un molested and unafraid." British Censorship Causing Much Loss Th Norwegian Commerce and Hayiga tlon Gazette Complatasat Unneces sary Belay la Passing Telegrams. .. Chrlstlanla. Feb. 20. The Norwegian Commerce and Navigation Gazette voices the general opinion held here when it complains of th British cen sorship of telegrams, which. It says, occasions difficulties and! losses through delaying, stopping and even suppressing commercial telegrams. This, It is stated, happens not only when the destination is Kngland. but even when telegrams are intended for transatlantic addresses, . Th Gazette admits that the censor ship is necessary, but finds it incom prehensible that it Is not carried out in a more buslnoen-like fashion. It sub--mits for the British government's con sideration the suggestion that its .rig orous arrangements might b modified in the case of inoffensive neutral tele grams. i .1 t.